Capercaillie common: piav qhia, duab

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:57

Capercaillie yog ib qho ntawm cov noog loj tshaj plaws nyob hauv hav zoov. Nws qhov hnyav nce mus txog 5 kg. Hom capercaillie muaj ntau lub npe nrov: flywheel, lag ntseg dub grouse, swindler. No noog belongs rau tsev neeg pheasant (qaib xaj).

me ntsis txog hom kab mob capercaillie

Cov ntoo grouse yog ib tus neeg sawv cev ntawm ib hom noog qus tshaj plaws. Hom capercaillie tau muab faib ua 3 subspecies: dawb-bellied capercaillie, uas nyob hauv thaj tsam sab hnub tuaj thiab nruab nrab ntawm Russia; tsaus nti taiga, nyob hauv thaj tsam sab hnub tuaj thiab sab qaum teb ntawm lub tebchaws; Western European Dub-bellied (hauv hav zoov ntawm thaj chaw sab hnub poob ntawm lub tebchaws).

Capercaillie common: yees duab, piav qhia

Capercaillie yog tus noog loj tshaj plaws (subfamily).

Nws txawv ntawm lwm tus neeg sawv cev hauv nws tus Tsov tus tw siab heev thiab cov plaub elongated txawv txawv ntawm caj pas.

Lub capercaillie lub plumage yog tsaus nrog ib tug hlau tint, ib tug kaj liab plaub muag, cov plaub nyob rau hauv lub beak zoo li "hwj txwv". Cov poj niam capercaillie yog xim ntau ntau yam (ib qho sib xyaw ntawm rusty daj, rusty xim av, rusty liab thiab dawb). Thiab nws caj pas, ib feem ntawm lub hauv siab thiab ib feem ntawm lub tis yog rustyliab.

Cov kab mob sib kis yog cov noog, qhov loj ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov txiv neej thiab poj niam. Cov txiv neej ncav cuag 110 cm los yog ntau tshaj, lawv wingspan yog 1.4 m. Cov poj niam yog ntau me - los ntawm 1/3. Lub taub hau ntawm tus txiv neej yog dub. Lub nraub qaum ntawm lub caj dab yog tshauv-grey nrog cov pob dub, pem hauv ntej yog grey-dub. Cov xim ntawm lub nraub qaum yog dub nrog me ntsis grey thiab xim av. Lub hauv siab yog xim ntsuab-hlau, nws sab qis yog them nrog dawb thiab dub me ntsis. Tus Tsov tus tw yog dub nrog dawb me ntsis, tis yog xim av. Lub beak yog dawb-liab.

Kev faib tawm, chaw nyob

Lub capercaillie feem ntau nyob hauv coniferous, sib xyaw thiab deciduous hav zoov ntawm Eurasia.

Zaj noog tus noog no ua lub neej nyob tsis tswm, tab sis nws tshwm sim tias qee zaum nws kuj ua rau lub caij tsiv teb tsaws chaw.

Nyob ntev dhau los capercaillie tau pom nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov hav zoov ntawm Eurasia, nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm Siberia mus rau Transbaikalia (sab hnub poob). Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th-20th, tus naj npawb thiab chaw nyob ntawm capercaillie poob qis, thiab hauv qee qhov chaw cov noog txawm ploj mus. Los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th hauv Great Britain, cov noog no tau raug tshem tawm tag nrho. Tab sis tom qab ntawd, xyoo 1837, lub capercaillie tau rov qab los ntawm Sweden thiab coj hauv paus zoo kawg nkaus.

Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab, vim yog kev tshem tawm ntawm ntau hav zoov, cov neeg capercaillie pib thim rov qab mus rau sab qaum teb ntawm lub tebchaws, thiab hauv qee thaj tsam yav qab teb hauv lawv thaj chaw hav zoov (Tula, Voronezh, Kursk, thiab lwm yam) cov no. noog ploj tag. Ntxiv rau Russia thiab Sweden, capercaillie kujtuaj yeem pom hauv tebchaws Greece, Spain, Alps, Carpathians, Asia Minor thiab Middle German roob.

Npaj ntoo nyiam ntau qhov chaw deb ntawm hav zoov.

Ib txwm rau cov noog no yog caij nplooj ntoos hlav lekking, uas tshwm sim feem ntau ntawm cov ntoo. Capercaillie muaj ntau yam peculiar.

Kev piav qhia ntawm tus cwj pwm thiab tus cwj pwm

Lub caij ntuj sov, molting yog pom nyob rau hauv capercaillie. Lub sijhawm no, lawv ya mus rau thaj chaw hav zoov tshwj xeeb.

Nyob lub sij hawm no, cov noog no muaj tus cwj pwm txawv: lawv nce lawv tus Tsov tus tw thiab txo qis, lawv kuj tsa thiab pov lub taub hau, maj mam txav raws ceg.

Ntau zaus cov ntoo grouse nyob rau lub sijhawm no hu nkauj zoo siab heev uas rau qee lub sijhawm nws yuav lag ntseg. Li no nws lub npe los ntawm: capercaillie. Cov poj niam, nyob rau hauv lem, ya mus rau lub lek, qhov chaw mating tshwm sim, tom qab uas lawv tawm nws ua ke thiab nyob rau hauv lub feem ntau tej thaj chaw deb thiab impassable qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov, qhov twg lawv molting tshwm sim.

Cov ntoo grouse tshwm ib ntus hauv hav zoov sib xyaw thiab deciduous. Cov noog no kuj nyiam moss swamps, uas muaj ntau yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo.

Tus noog ya hnyav, nrov nrov, nquag plias nws tis, thiab feem ntau ua rau me me.

Lub capercaillie siv sijhawm nruab hnub rau hauv av, thiab siv hmo ntuj ntawm cov ntoo. Qee lub sij hawm nws nruj heev thaum lwm yam tsiaj tshwm sim. Muaj cov xwm txheej uas qee zaum lub capercaillie sim tua dev thiab lwm yam tsiaj me hauv tsev (cov dab neeg ntawm cov neeg nyob hauvNorway).

Capercaillie yog qhov ceev faj heev, hnov lus zoo thiab pom qhov muag zoo. Yog li ntawd, kev yos hav zoov rau nws yog qhov nyuaj.

Txiv neej

Kev saib xyuas cov xeeb ntxwv ntog ntawm tus poj niam. Nws teem ib lub zes rau hauv av, feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub vaj tse ntawm bushes los yog poob ntoo, qhov twg nws tom qab lays nws qe. Tag nrho clutch feem ntau muaj li ntawm 5-16 qe.

Tus poj niam incubates qe nws tus kheej. Nws kuj tseem saib xyuas cov menyuam qaib uas hatched: sov, tiv thaiv los ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg.

Khoom noj

Hom zaub mov tseem ceeb rau capercaillie nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav thiab lub caij ntuj sov yog cov nroj tsuag tua, ntau yam paj, tsob ntoo buds, nplooj, nyom, hav zoov berries, noob thiab kab. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg, cov noog no feem ntau noj cov koob larch, thiab nyob rau lub caij ntuj no lawv nyiam los ntawm spruce thiab ntoo thuv koob thiab buds. Cov me nyuam qaib muaj cov khoom noj tshwj xeeb: kab laug sab thiab kab.

Zoo kawg

Cov kab mob sib kis yog ib yam khoom tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev yos hav zoov. Hauv qhov no, hauv ntau thaj chaw ntawm Russia thiab lwm lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb, nws tau dhau los ua cov neeg tsis tshua muaj neeg nyob, thiab qhov chaw nws tau ploj mus, thiab tam sim no ntau yam kev ntsuas tau raug coj los tiv thaiv cov tsiaj no.

Cov ntoo grouse tau teev nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Liab ntawm Russia thiab thaj tsam Tula. Qhov no yuav tsum nco ntsoov los ntawm txhua tus neeg uas nyiam yos hav zoov.

Cov kev tshawb fawb ntxaws thiab ntev yuav tsum tau ua kom paub meej ntxiv txog kev nplua nuj, kev xav thiab xwm txheej ntawm tus noog no hauv tebchaws Russia.