Orenburg Reserve: nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu, keeb kwm thiab archaeological chaw

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:56

cheeb tsam Orenburg nyob rau ntawm thaj chaw ciam teb ntawm ntau thaj chaw zoogeographic thiab thaj chaw thaj chaw. Ntau yam tau txiav txim siab qhov originality thiab originality ntawm lub zos tsiaj ntiaj teb.

Reserves under state protection is educational (in the field of ecology), research, scientific, Environmental koom haum. Lub hom phiaj ntawm lawv cov dej num yog khaws cia thiab kawm txog kev txav mus los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntuj lossis cov xwm txheej. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau thaj chaw ntawm cov cheeb tsam no, cov nyiaj caj ces ntawm cov tsiaj thiab cov nroj tsuag ntiaj teb tau rov ua dua, cov neeg zej zog thiab hom tsiaj thiab tsiaj txhu, tshwj xeeb lossis cov kab ke ecological raug rau kev txuag. Lub Orenburgsky Reserve tsis muaj qhov zam.

Kev piav qhia dav dav

Thaj chaw tiv thaiv xwm txheej yog tsim los ntawm plaub ntu, tag nrho cheeb tsam uas yog sib npaug rau 21.7 txhiab hectares.

Orenburg Nature Reserve muaj:

• "Talovskaya steppe" - 3200 ha;
• "Burtinskaya steppe" - 4500 ha;
• "Aituar steppe" - 6753 ha;
• Ashchisai steppe - 7200 ha.

Txhua thaj chaw nyobkwv yees li ntawm tib lub latitude. Nyob rau hauv longitude lawv tau sib cais los ntawm 240, 380 thiab 75 km. Xws li thaj chaw tawg ua rau nws muaj peev xwm nthuav qhia cov toj roob hauv pes tseem ceeb pom nyob rau hauv steppes ntawm cheeb tsam Orenburg.

History of Creation

Thawj cov phiaj xwm rau lub koom haum ntawm thaj chaw tiv thaiv tau pib tsim rov qab rau xyoo nees nkaum xyoo dhau los. Tab sis tsuas yog xyoo 1975 lawv tau pib ua. Lub impetus yog kev tshawb fawb ntawm ib qho ntawm cov ntoj ke mus kawm, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm uas ib tug pristine seem ntawm lub steppe twb nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv lub Orenburg cheeb tsam. Lub sijhawm kawg tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1989.

Climatic zone

thaj chaw muaj thaj av av, huab cua qhuav. Qhov nruab nrab cua kub yog 2.5 ° C. Lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm tsis muaj Frost nyob rau hauv cia yog 130 hnub. Qhov nruab nrab dej nag txhua xyoo yog 390 mm.

Aituar steppe

Thaj chaw npog thaj tsam sib npaug li 6753 hectares, nws nyob ntawm sab laug ntawm tus dej. Ural, nyob rau ciam teb ntawm peb lub teb chaws nrog Kazakhstan. Kom txog rau thaum lub 60s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, ob tug me me Kazakh auls nyob rau hauv lub expansion ntawm no steppe. Steppe thiab meadow tracts tau siv los ua hayfields, tab sis niaj hnub no txhua hom kev lag luam tau raug tshem tawm. Qhov tsuas yog qhov tshwj xeeb yog nees ua liaj ua teb tshwj xeeb tsim ntawm Aituarka rau kev tsim cov koumiss zoo.

Orenburg Reserve hauv cheeb tsam no suav tias yog thaj chaw roob siab tshaj plaws. Qhov no yog ib feem ntawm Ural folded sab. Lub fauna yog sawv cev los ntawm 38 hom tsiaj. Hauv cheeb tsam no feem ntauhamsters, bobaks, mole voles, nas, pikas. Predators yog steppe polecats, hma liab. Roe mos lwj, npua qus, elks nyob hauv cov ntoo thiab ntoo.

106 hom noog tau faib dav, 41 ntawm lawv tau sau tseg rau zes. Falconiformes sawv cev rau ntau yam, suav nrog steppe kestrel, saker falcon, imperial eagle, long-legged buzzard, steppe harrier, thiab dav dawb hau. Me me bustards, partridges, quails muaj nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub cia. Kab yog sawv cev los ntawm ntau hom npe nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Liab ntawm Lavxias Federation.

Keeb kwm thiab archaeological khoom ntawm lub site

Muaj plaub lub toj roob hauv pes thiab ob qhov chaw faus rau ntawm thaj chaw ntawm thaj chaw cia. Muaj tag nrho ntawm 16 qhov chaw faus neeg nyob ze ntawm thaj chaw ciam teb.

Ashchisai steppe

Thaj chaw no nyob ntawm thaj tsam sib npaug li 7200 hectares, uas nyob hauv cheeb tsam Svetlinsky. Yav dhau los, steppe yog ib qho chaw tiaj tiaj nrog cov tsiaj nyeg tsawg, qee qhov chaw tau siv los ua hayfields.

Txoj kev nyem ntawm qhov chaw tiaj tus, tiaj tus, nqes me ntsis. Qhov zoo nkauj zoo sib xws ntawm Ashchisai steppe yog muab los ntawm cov pob zeb uas seem, ridges, ridges, uas tsis raug rau cov dej ntws thiab pas dej.

Lub hydrographic steppe yog sawv cev los ntawm hollows thiab ob peb lub pas dej, qhov ntim ntawm uas nyob ntawm qhov ntim ntawm cov dej ntws los ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav. Feem ntau ntawm lawv yog puag ncig. Nov yog ib qho chaw zoo nkauj tshaj plaws uas Orenburg xwm cia siab rau.

Yuav thaiv dab tsi hauv thaj chaw no?

Ntau tshaj 20 hom tsiaj, 53 homcov noog zes. Ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm fauna (fauna), cov yam ntxwv tshaj plaws yog cov me me hauv av squirrel, badger, steppe polecat, boba, hma. Ntawm cov noog, nws yog kev cai rau ib leeg tawm ntawm belladonna, steppe eagle, thiab lark. Ogars, herons, bitterns zes ntawm lub pas dej ntawm steppe.

Monuments ntawm keeb kwm thiab archaeological nqi

Nyob rau ntawm thaj chaw ntawm no cia muaj ib lub mound, uas, raws li kev tshawb fawb, belongs rau cov pab pawg neeg ntawm lig medieval nomads. Lub monument yog 1 m siab thiab 20 m txoj kab uas hla.

Burtinskaya steppe

Qhov chaw nyob hauv thaj tsam Cis-Ural ntawm cheeb tsam Orenbuzh, npog thaj tsam ntawm 4500 hectares. Thaum lub sij hawm lub Soviet era, lub steppe yog ib feem exploited raws li ib tug hayfield. Thaj chaw tiv thaiv suav nrog cov dej ntsev thiab cov nyom nyom, cov pas dej karst Koskol.

Lub steppe yog nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm qhov marginal foredeep ntawm Cis-Urals, yog li nws yog sawv cev los ntawm ib tug hilly-ridged nyem. Cov toj roob hauv pes niaj hnub pib nws tsim nyob rau hauv Pliocene nyob rau hauv cov chaw nyob los ntawm accumulative tiaj. Lub Mueldy Plateau tau los ua daim ntawv faib dej loj.

Cov pob zeb tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog cov xim liab-xim polymictic conglomerates. Av-forming pob zeb muaj ntau haiv neeg. Ntawm txoj kab nqes thiab nqes hav, eluvial deposits ntawm hnyav mechanical muaj pes tsawg leeg yog tam sim no.

Kaum av ntau yam tau txheeb xyuas nyob rau hauv qhov chaw. Lub hauv paus ntawm cov av npog yog chernozems ntawm yav qab teb keeb kwm. Lub thickness ntawm humus qab ntug nce mus txogtxog 38 cm, thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm humus nws tus kheej nce mus txog 8%.

Lub hydrographic network yog tsim heev thiab yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev ntws mus tas li. Nws yog sawv cev los ntawm sab sauv ntawm cov dej me me, qhov chaw, thiab cov kwj dej ib ntus. Hauv thaj chaw tiv thaiv muaj ob lub pas dej Koskol, uas yog keeb kwm ntawm karst. Lawv cov dej me ntsis mineralized.

Lub Orenburg Reserve, qhov twg lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav Kainar nyob (hauv Burtinskaya steppe), yog thaj chaw zoo nkauj heev. Lub hauv paus nws tus kheej yog ranked ntawm lub ntsiab attractions. Nws thaj chaw dej yog 15 m². Qhov no yog lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav muaj zog, zoo kawg nkaus ntawm kev suav nrog, uas tsis khov txawm tias lub caij ntuj no.

Burtynskaya steppe yog suav tias yog tus qauv ntawm Cis-Ural ridged, toj roob hauv pes. Thaj chaw nthuav qhia hav-beam, intersyrt-valley, syrt-upland hom struts.

Nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag ntawm steppe, ntau lub roob-steppe relics thiab edemics tau pom, piv txwv li, Ural carnation, Helma's astragalus, prickly roob grate thiab lwm yam.

Lub Orenburgsky State Nature Reserve nyob rau hauv Burtinskaya steppe khaws cia ntau tus neeg sawv cev ntawm flora thiab fauna. Cov fauna tshwj xeeb yog nplua nuj thiab ntau yam. Txog 120 hom noog tau pom nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam, ntawm 51 hom zes. Cov neeg sawv cev feem ntau yog cov me me bustard, steppe dav dawb hau, demoiselle crane, kestrel, belladonna, liab-footed falcon, harrier, dub grouse.

Ntawm cov tsiaj txhu, 24 hom tau txheeb xyuas: av squirrels, marmots, hamsters, voles, pikas. Ntawm cov tsiaj reptiles, steppe viper thiab marsh vaub kib tuaj yeem raug sau tseg.

Keeb kwmchaw archaeological sites

Muaj ib lub faus rau ntawm thaj chaw, uas yog nyob rau hauv Sarmatian kab lis kev cai ntawm 7th-3rd centuries. d.n. e. Lub monument nyob rau ntawm Mueldy toj siab tsis deb ntawm lub geodetic kos npe "420.9 m". Nws yog tsim los ntawm 13 mounds, ob qho uas tshwj xeeb tshaj yog loj thiab ncav cuag ib qhov siab ntawm 2.5 m thiab ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 40 m. Lwm mounds yuav luag tib yam: mus txog 0.8 m siab thiab 10 mus rau 20 m txoj kab uas hla.

Talovskaya steppe

Qhov chaw nyob hauv cheeb tsam Pervomaisky ntawm cheeb tsam thiab npog thaj tsam ntawm 3200 hectares. Txog rau thaum xyoo 1988, cov nees, yaj, thiab nyuj me me tau nqa tawm ntawm no. Kuj tseem muaj lub caij ntuj sov camps ntawm yaj, nyob ze qhov chaw uas cov nroj tsuag degradation thiab av tau tshwm sim.

Lub nyem yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub tiaj tus, uas tau tsim nyob rau hauv Mesozoic. Thaj chaw tau txais nws hom niaj hnub no hauv Quaternary raws li kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov txheej txheem denudation, uas ua rau muaj qhov nce ntawm thaj chaw.

Cov pob zeb tsim av yog sawv cev los ntawm cov av nplaum tertiary saline marine av nplaum. Qhov chaw tiv thaiv yog nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm chernozems mus rau cov av tsaus nti. Cov av nruab nrab-tuab carbonate tuaj yeem tsim rau ntawm qhov chaw maj mam thiab cov dej ntws.

Lub Orenburg xwm cia nyob rau hauv Talovskaya steppe yog qhov txawv los ntawm kev tsim dej tsis zoo. Cov dej sib txuas yog sawv cev tshwj xeeb los ntawm cov kwj ib ntus. Cov no yog cov toj siab ntawm Talovaya thiab Malaya Sadomna dej ntws; lawv tsis muaj qhov ntws mus tas li hauv thaj chaw. Kuj tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim hauv avdej.

Talovskaya steppe yog tus qauv ntawm Trans-Volga-Ural steppes. Cov qauv toj roob hauv pes yog tsim los ntawm syrt-upland, me ntsis undulating interfluve thiab hav-beam hom.

Keeb kwm thiab archaeological chaw ntawm qhov chaw

Ntawm thaj chaw muaj ib lub faus pob zeb, suav tias yog Sarmatian kab lis kev cai. Nws tuaj yeem pom nyob rau sab hnub poob ciam teb ntawm qhov chaw nyob ib puag ncig 198.9 m. Qhov no yog qhov tshwj xeeb archaeological nqi uas Orenburgsky Reserve muaj.

Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Thaj Chaw Txuag

Los ntawm kev txiav txim los ntawm Minister of Natural Resources thiab Ecology ntawm lub teb chaws thaum Lub Yim Hli 19, 2013, Rafilya Talgatovna Bakirova tau raug xaiv los ua tus thawj coj ntawm lub chaw khaws cia. Qhov no yog tus kws tshaj lij tshwj xeeb, tus neeg sib tw ntawm txoj cai lij choj, tus neeg saib xyuas ntawm UN Steppe Project ntawm lub cheeb tsam, tus kws tshaj lij, tus thawj coj ntawm kev cai lij choj ntawm lub tsev kawm ua liaj ua teb hauv zos, uas Orenburgsky xwm yeem koom tes. Bakirova yog qhov txawv los ntawm kev txaus siab rau kev ua tiav ntawm cov haujlwm tau teeb tsa. Nws txoj kev tshaj lij thiab lub zog tsis muaj zog ntawm kev ua si muaj nyob hauv nws, yog li thaj chaw tiv thaiv xwm tsuas yuav vam meej.

Lub Orenburg State Reserve yog nyob rau hauv tes zoo. Tsis muaj kev tsis ntseeg txog lub hom phiaj thiab kev tshaj lij ntawm tus thawj coj tshiab. Cov hauj lwm nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub reserves muaj nyob rau hauv xov xwm. Lawv hais txog cov txheej txheem ntuj tsim nyob rau hauv steppe, ib puag ncig kev sib tw, kev sib tw, kev tshaj tawm thiab kev tshaj tawm. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, lub reserves attracts ib tug lojtus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg ncig tebchaws.

Excursion programs

Thaum mus saib qhov chaw tshwj xeeb kev txuag, tib neeg tsis tsuas yog paub txog qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb ntawm thaj chaw tiv thaiv. Thaum lub sijhawm mus ncig, cov neeg tuaj saib tuaj yeem paub qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm nws cov nyiaj tau los, yooj yim puas los ntawm tib neeg lub zog.

Hnub no, plaub txoj kev kawm thiab kev mus ncig ua si tuaj yeem taug kev hauv thaj chaw cia. Qhov no yog "Reserved World" ntawm Trans-Urals, Trans-Volga, Southern Urals, Cis-Urals.

Nyiaj

Lub Orenburgsky Nature Reserve muaj ib lub fauna uas suav tias yog ib qho ntawm thaj chaw hauv zos. Nws yog sawv cev los ntawm cov nram qab no hom ntawm steppe tsiaj:

• Lun.
• Kestrel.
• Kev zoo nkauj.
• Strepet.
• Pestrushka.
• Slepushka thiab lwm yam.

Lub Orenburg Reserve, uas nws cov tsiaj txhu thiab cov nroj tsuag tau txais kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb, kuj muaj ntau hom yam ntxwv ntawm thaj tsam hav zoov dav dav. Cov no yog nas, ib tug dog dig hedgehog, ib tug badger, ib tug lynx, ib tug dog dig kestrel, ib tug clintukh, ib tug dub grouse, splyushka, nquab. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm semi-deserts nyob hauv thaj chaw tiv thaiv, tshwj xeeb, eared hedgehog, me lark. Qee lub sij hawm muaj tus sawv cev ci ntsa iab ntawm tundra hom - snowy owl.

Ntuj fauna ntawm thaj chaw muaj ntau haiv neeg thiab nplua nuj. Muaj cov tsiaj txhu - txog 48 hom, noog - 190 hom, tsiaj reptiles - 7 hom, amphibians - 5 hom, ntses - 6 hom, txog 1000 hom kab. Orenburg Reserve, yees duab ntawm uasqhia hauv qab no saib xyuas tag nrho ecosystem.

Cov tsiaj muaj xws li xya hom kab kab, 23 - nas, 3 - puav, 9 - carnivores, 4 - artiodactyls, 2 - lagomorphs. Txog 15 hom tsiaj ntawm cov tsiaj no muaj nyob hauv txhua qhov chaw ntawm thaj chaw tiv thaiv. Ntawm lawv yog marmots, av squirrels, voles, nas, pied, nas, jerboas, hma, hma, hare, badger, ferret, weasel, corsac.

Flora

Lub Orenburgsky Reserve muaj ntau dua 600 hom tsiaj nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb cog. Daim duab no yog kwv yees li 40% ntawm tag nrho cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov nroj tsuag loj hlob thoob plaws hauv cheeb tsam. Ntawm lawv, lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov qauv uas muaj kev puas tsuaj loj heev. 23 hom nroj tsuag muaj nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Liab ntawm lub teb chaws. Ntau tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov nroj tsuag nyob hauv thaj chaw tiv thaiv yog cov roob-steppe petrophytes, piv txwv li, nyiaj-leaved kopeechnik, Ural carnation, Helma's astragalus, Bashkir smolevka.

Lub Orenburgsky thaj chaw tshwj xeeb yog qhov tseem ceeb rau peb lub tebchaws. Ntawm nws thaj chaw, tshwj xeeb ecological systems ntawm steppe, zonal upland toj roob hauv pes yuav khaws cia. Nov yog lub ntiaj teb uas tsis muaj kev txhawj xeeb thiab kev ntxhov siab, thaj av ntawm qhov xwm txheej thiab kev sib haum xeeb, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev khaws cia.