Westerners yog cov kws xav tawm tswv yim txog kev vam meej ntawm Russia

Cov txheej txheem:

Westerners yog cov kws xav tawm tswv yim txog kev vam meej ntawm Russia
Westerners yog cov kws xav tawm tswv yim txog kev vam meej ntawm Russia

Video: Westerners yog cov kws xav tawm tswv yim txog kev vam meej ntawm Russia

Video: Westerners yog cov kws xav tawm tswv yim txog kev vam meej ntawm Russia
Video: Yexus Cov Ntshaav Tsim Txaj (Nkauj Ntseeg Vaajtswv) 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Thaum kawm txog kev xav hauv tebchaws Russia, nws tsis tuaj yeem dhau los ntawm 40s ntawm xyoo pua 19th, thaum cov tswv yim ntawm Slavophiles thiab Westerners tau tsim. Lawv qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb tsis tau xaus rau ib puas xyoo ua ntej kawg thiab tseem muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev nom kev tswv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tsis ntev los no.

19th caug xyoo décor

Western yog
Western yog

Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, Russia tseem yog ib lub tebchaws serf nrog kev ua lag luam feudal, sib piv rau Tebchaws Europe, qhov twg cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov peev txheej bourgeois kev sib raug zoo pib. Yog li, kev lag luam rov qab los ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws tau nce, uas tau muab lub laj thawj xav txog qhov xav tau kev hloov kho. Los ntawm thiab loj, Peter lub Great pib lawv, tab sis cov txiaj ntsig tsis txaus. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev sib raug zoo ntawm bourgeois tau tsim lawv txoj hauv kev hauv Tebchaws Europe los ntawm kev hloov pauv, ntshav thiab kev ua phem. Kev sib tw tsim, kev siv zog ua kom hnyav. Qhov tseeb tseeb tsis tau txhawb ntau tus neeg sawv cev ntawm kev xav hauv zej zog. Ib qho kev nkag siab tsis txaus ntseeg tau tshwm sim txog kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm lub xeev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txij li txoj cai hauv tebchawsemperors rushed los ntawm ib sab mus rau lwm tus. Slavophiles thiab Westernizers yog ob txoj hauv kev rau Russia, tab sis txhua tus yuav tsum coj nws mus rau txoj kev vam meej.

Nyob rau teb rau lub zog Slavophil

Cov neeg sawv cev sab hnub poob
Cov neeg sawv cev sab hnub poob

Rau yuav luag ob centuries, nyob rau hauv lub voj voog ntawm cov chav kawm ntawv sab sauv ntawm lub xeev Lavxias teb sab, ib tug qhuas tus cwj pwm rau cov teb chaws Europe thiab nws cov achievements tau tsim. Russia tau hloov pauv ntau thiab ntau dua, sim ua kom zoo li Western lub tebchaws. A. S. Khomyakov yog thawj coj mus rau lub mloog ntawm cov pej xeem kev xav txog ib tug tshwj xeeb txoj kev rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm peb lub xeev - nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm collectivism, tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub nyob deb nroog zej zog. Qhov no tshem tawm qhov yuav tsum tau hais txog qhov rov qab ntawm lub xeev thiab kom muaj kev sib npaug rau Tebchaws Europe. Cov neeg xav, feem ntau cov kws sau ntawv, koom ua ke nyob ib ncig ntawm cov lus qhia. Lawv pib hu ua Slavophiles. Cov neeg sab hnub poob yog ib hom lus teb rau kev txav mus los uas tau piav qhia saum toj no. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Westernism, raws li cov tswv yim ntawm Georg Hegel, pom muaj kev sib txawv hauv kev loj hlob ntawm txhua lub teb chaws hauv ntiaj teb.

philosophical foundations of Westernism

Western tswv yim
Western tswv yim

Thiab thoob plaws keeb kwm ntawm tib neeg kev xav, cov lus nug tsim los ntawm Paul Gauguin tau hnov: "Peb yog leej twg? Qhov twg los? Qhov twg?". Muaj peb lub ntsiab lus pom txog qhov kawg. Ib txhia hais tias tib neeg yog degrading. Lwm tus - dab tsi txav hauv lub voj voog, uas yog, nws tsim cyclically. Tseem muaj lwm tus hais tias nws tab tom txhim kho. Cov neeg sab hnub poob yog cov neeg xav uas tuav lub ntsiab lus kawg. Lawv ntseeg hais tias keeb kwm yog kev vam meej, muaj ib tug vector ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, thaum Europe overtooklwm thaj chaw hauv ntiaj teb thiab txiav txim siab txoj hauv kev uas txhua tus neeg yuav ua raws. Yog li ntawd, txhua lub teb chaws, xws li Russia, yuav tsum tau coj los ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm European kev vam meej nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov spheres ntawm tib neeg, tsis muaj kev zam.

Westerners tawm tsam Slavophiles

Yog li ntawd, nyob rau xyoo 40s ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, muaj kev sib cav tswv yim "Slavophiles - Westerners". Ib lub rooj sib piv cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yuav qhia tau zoo tshaj plaws rau lawv cov kev xav txog yav dhau los thiab yav tom ntej ntawm lub xeev Lavxias.

Ideas ntawm Slavophiles thiab Westernizers

Cov lus nug sib piv Slavophiles
Ib leeg nrog Europe Txoj Kev Txhim Kho Original, tshwj xeeb
Behind the West txoj haujlwm ntawm Russia Tsis tuaj yeem piv nrog lwm lub tebchaws
Nyob zoo, nws pab txhawb rau lub tebchaws vam meej Tus cwj pwm rau kev hloov kho ntawm Peter the Great Tsis zoo, nws rhuav tshem kev vam meej uas twb muaj lawm
Parliamentary monarchy, kev tsim cai lij choj nrog pej xeem cov cai thiab kev ywj pheej Tus qauv nom tswv ntawm Russia Autocracy, tab sis los ntawm hom patriarchal hwj chim. Lub hwj chim ntawm kev xav yog rau cov neeg (Zemsky Sobor), lub hwj chim yog rau tsar.
negative Kev coj ncaj ncees rau kev ua qhev negative

Tus neeg sawv cev ntawm Westernism

Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev hloov kho bourgeois zoo ntawm 60-70s tau ua los ntawm Westerners. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov pej xeem nokev xav tau ua tsis tau tsuas yog raws li cov tswv yim txhawb nqa ntawm lub xeev kev hloov kho, tab sis kuj tau koom nrog hauv lawv txoj kev loj hlob. Yog li, txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm pej xeem tau nyob los ntawm Konstantin Kavelin, uas tau sau Daim Ntawv Ceeb Toom ntawm Kev Liberation ntawm Cov Neeg Peasants. Timofey Granovsky, tus xibfwb ntawm keeb kwm, tau tawm tswv yim txuas ntxiv ntawm cov kev hloov pauv uas tau teev tseg thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua kaum yim, rau txoj cai tswjfwm hauv xeev. Cov neeg zoo li lub siab sib koom ib puag ncig nws, uas suav nrog I. Turgenev, V. Botkin, M. Katkov, I. Vernadsky, B. Chicherin. Cov tswv yim ntawm cov neeg sab hnub poob underlies qhov kev hloov kho tshiab tshaj plaws ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th - kev txiav txim plaub ntug, uas tau tsim lub hauv paus ntawm txoj cai lij choj thiab pej xeem pej xeem.

Slavophiles Westernizers rooj
Slavophiles Westernizers rooj

Txoj hmoo ntawm Westerners

Nws feem ntau tshwm sim uas nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm kev sib raug zoo zog nws ntxiv fragmentation tshwm sim, uas yog, ib tug sib cais. Westerners tsis muaj kev zam. Qhov kev txhawj xeeb no, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, kev xaiv ntawm ib pab pawg radical tshaj tawm txoj kev hloov pauv kom coj los hloov. Nws suav nrog V. Belinsky, N. Ogarev thiab, tau kawg, A. Herzen. Nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm, muaj ib tug rapprochement ntawm lub Slavophiles thiab cov revolutionary Westerners, uas ntseeg hais tias lub peasant zej zog los ua lub hauv paus rau lub neej yav tom ntej qauv. Tab sis nws tsis yog kev txiav txim siab.

cov tswv yim ntawm Slavophiles thiab Westerners
cov tswv yim ntawm Slavophiles thiab Westerners

Feem ntau, kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tswv yim ntawm Russia txoj kev txhim kho qub, mus txog lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb ntawm peb txoj kev vam meej hauv ntiaj teb, thiab kev xav tau rau Western kev coj noj coj ua tseem nyob. Tam sim no, lub pas dejtshwm sim feem ntau nyob rau hauv kev nom kev tswv sphere, nyob rau hauv uas Westerners sawv tawm. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm qhov kev txav no tau pom zoo rau kev koom ua ke rau hauv European Union, pom qhov no yog txoj hauv kev tawm ntawm kev vam meej kev vam meej, uas lawv tau rov qab los rau lub sijhawm tsim kev sib raug zoo.

Pom zoo: