Copepods: piav qhia, yam ntxwv, chaw nyob, duab

Cov txheej txheem:

Copepods: piav qhia, yam ntxwv, chaw nyob, duab
Copepods: piav qhia, yam ntxwv, chaw nyob, duab

Video: Copepods: piav qhia, yam ntxwv, chaw nyob, duab

Video: Copepods: piav qhia, yam ntxwv, chaw nyob, duab
Video: Xa lus rau Siv yis ntuj neeb & XF txawj teev vaj 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Cov crustaceans me me, uas cov aquarists pub rau ntses, yog cov neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb thiab feem ntau ntawm cov dej metazoans. Tsis tas li ntawd, copepods yog ib qho ntawm cov kev sib txuas tseem ceeb hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus, lub xeev uas cuam tshuam rau peb txoj kev noj qab haus huv. Lawv qhov kev nplua nuj thiab ntau hom kev sib txawv yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub ntiaj teb biosphere. Biology thiab lub neej yam ntxwv ntawm copepod mini-crustaceans yuav tau tham nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no.

cyclops copepods
cyclops copepods

Copepods

Copepods yog ib pawg tsiaj loj uas koom ua ke hauv subclass ntawm crustaceans Copepoda. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov taxa loj tshaj plaws hauv lub nceeg vaj tsiaj thiab suav nrog txog 20 txhiab hom. Ntawm cov copepods, muaj kev nyob dawb (kev txiav txim Calanoida thiab Cyclopoida) thiab cov kab mob cab.

Nyob dawb crustaceans yog ib qhoib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm zooplankton hauv ntsev thiab dej tshiab. Lawv tsim cov khoom noj ntawm cov ntses feem ntau thiab qee cov tsiaj hauv hiav txwv, uas yog hu ua lo lus generalizing "krill". Cov khoom noj ib txwm muaj ntawm hiav txwv thiab dej hiav txwv zoo li no: marine phytoplankton - copepods - herring - dolphin.

Marine phytoplankton
Marine phytoplankton

me me crustaceans

Qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm copepods muaj li ntawm 1 txog 30 millimeters. Zoo li tag nrho cov crustaceans, lawv lub cev muaj peb ntu - lub taub hau, hauv siab thiab lub plab. Ua pa yog ua los ntawm tag nrho lub cev ntawm lub cev, tsis muaj gills.

Ntawm lub taub hau yog lub qhov ncauj apparatus (mandibles), ob lub qhov muag yooj yim thiab ob lub kav hlau txais xov:

  • Ib leeg-txheej anttennules yog kev sib koom ua ke uas koom nrog hauv kev txav thiab ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev muaj zog.
  • Ob ceg anttennules. Lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog muab dej ntws rau ua luam dej thiab pub mis.

Segmental body

Ntawm plaub ntu ntawm lub hauv siab yog cov ceg ua luam dej tseem ceeb ntawm cov crustacean - flattened thiab zoo li oars, uas cov tsiaj no tau txais lawv lub npe. Ntu thib tsib muaj cov ceg tawv uas hloov kho uas, hauv qee qhov copepods, ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev sib deev.

Lub plab ntawm 2-4 ntu feem ntau tsis muaj ceg tawv thiab xaus nrog cov khoom sib txuas ua ke. Feem ntau hom yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev sib deev dimorphism, uas yog qhia nyob rau hauv tus naj npawb ntawm ntu ntawm lub plab mog, tus qauv ntawm cov ceg thiab cov duab ntawm tus kav hlau txais xov.

copepod
copepod

Kev loj hlob, kev loj hlob thiabFitness

Copepods yog qhov me me thiab muaj qhov loj me uas ua rau thaj tsam ntawm lub cev - cov yam ntxwv zoo li no tso cai rau cov tsiaj planktonic nyob hauv kab dej yam tsis muaj nqi ntxiv. Qhov no tau yooj yim los ntawm lub npog nyias chitinous thiab cov roj cia, uas khaws cia hauv cov roj tshwj xeeb thiab feem ntau muab xim rau cov crustaceans.

Thaum yuav tsum tau hloov lub cev tam sim ntawd hauv kab dej, lawv ua luam dej nrog kev pab ntawm lawv ko taw lossis ua dav hlau dhia los ntawm folding lawv lub cev ib nrab.

Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm yuav luag txhua hom copepod yog cov kab mob dioecious. Txawm hais tias qhov yooj yim sab nraud, mating hauv cov crustaceans yog ua ntej los ntawm kev sib deev nyuaj. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm mating, tus txiv neej hloov ib tug spermatophore (lub hnab tshwj xeeb) mus rau tus poj niam lub plab mog, fertilization ntawm qe yuav ua tau ob leeg sab nraud thiab sab hauv.

Cov kab mob larval (nauplius) tawm ntawm cov qe, uas tom qab ob peb molts hloov mus rau hauv cov neeg laus crustacean.

Nkauj kho siab

Yog koj xav tias cov tsiaj uas muaj zog tshaj nyob hauv av, koj hais tsis yog lawm. Cov kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no qhia tau hais tias me me copepods tuaj yeem suav tias yog qhov muaj zog tshaj plaws. Cov crustaceans no muaj peev xwm txav tau 500 npaug ntawm lawv qhov loj hauv 1 thib ob. Lawv ob txhais ceg me me tsim lub zog ntawm kev txav uas yog 10 npaug ntau dua li ntawm lwm yam tsiaj.

Raws li koj paub, copepods kuj ua rau dhia. Qhov ceev uas lawv txhim kho tib lub sijhawm yog 3-6 km / h. Tsawg? Qhov no yog piv rau yog tias tus neeg ntawm qhov siab nruab nrab tuaj yeem khiav ntawm qhov nrawm ntawm ntau txhiabkilometers ib teev.

copepods noj
copepods noj

Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm plankton

Hais txog 20-25% ntawm cov plankton yog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov pab pawg tshwj xeeb ntawm crustaceans, koom ua 3 xaj:

  • Kalanoids (Calanoida) - pawg tseem ceeb hauv marine plankton (txog 90%). Lawv yog lub hauv paus zaub mov tseem ceeb rau ntau lub neej marine. Ib tug txawv feature yog ntev heev antenullae thiab lub plab mog luv. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm no detachment nyob rau hauv cov dej tshiab - Diaptomus. Cov copepods no pub rau algae, lim lawv tawm ntawm cov dej.
  • Cyclops (Cyclopoida) yog benthic (hauv qab thiab hauv qab) crustaceans. Lub peculiarity ntawm lawv cov qauv yog luv luv antennules, lub plab mog yog ntev thiab sib cais los ntawm lub hauv siab, tsuas muaj ib lub qhov muag ntawm lub taub hau. Cov crustaceans no yog cov tsiaj nyeg, lawv cov tsiaj txhu yog lwm cov crustaceans me thiab protozoa. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog copepod cyclops, cov neeg nyob hauv dej tshiab, uas yog tus tswv tsev nruab nrab ntawm tus kab mob txaus ntshai uas ua rau kab mob hauv tib neeg txoj hnyuv - kab mob dav.
  • Cov kab mob zoo li kab mob hauv qab (Harpacticoida) yog cov kab mob tsis muaj sia nyob ntawm cov dej tshiab thiab ntsev. Lawv cov kav hlau txais xov luv luv, ntu thoracic nyob twj ywm, thiab lub plab yuav luag tsis txawv ntawm lub hauv siab. Cov crustaceans no ua rau txoj kev ua neej nyob ntawm cov khoom siv lim dej thiab cov saprophytes thiab pom nyob rau hauv cov huab cua phem tshaj plaws - hauv dej hauv av, hauv cov dej phwj muaj tshuaj lom thiab hauv qhov tob tob hauv dej hiav txwv.

Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsa sawv daws.

Muaj ntau cov kab mob cab ntawm copepods. Lawv cov tswv yog ntses thiab dejinvertebrates. Muaj ntau tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev yooj yim ntawm lub koom haum, kev poob ntawm segmentation. Thiab tsuas yog los ntawm dawb nauplius nws tuaj yeem ua rau cov kab mob no ua tau.

Piv txwv li, Lamproglena yog copepod (saib daim duab hauv qab no) uas ua rau cov kab mob ntawm cov ntses dej tshiab. Ntau tus kab mob no los ua ke ntawm cov kab mob gill thiab ua rau cov ntses tuag coob heev.

kab mob copepod
kab mob copepod

Salmon kab mob yog tshwm sim los ntawm parasitism ntawm daim tawv nqaij, gills thiab nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav ntawm cov ntses uas rov qab mus spawn nyob rau hauv dej tshiab, crustacean Salmincola. Nws ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm ntses, tab sis tsis ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg.

Aquarium ntses zaub mov

Cyclops thiab diatomuses yog cov neeg sawv cev nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm cov crustaceans, uas tau pub rau cov ntses thoob dej yug ntses. Qhov no yog cov zaub mov muaj protein ntau rau kib thiab cov neeg laus thoob dej yug ntses. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nauplii ntawm Cyclopes yog cov khoom noj khoom haus tshaj plaws. Tab sis tsis txhob hnov qab thaum pub ntses thoob dej yug ntses uas cyclops yog predators thiab loj hlob sai heev. Yog li ntawd, los ntawm cov khoom noj rau kib, lawv tuaj yeem tig mus rau hauv cov tsiaj txhu uas tua cov ntses me. Yog vim li cas cov neeg paub txog aquarists tsis pub lawv cov tsiaj nrog zaub mov, tab sis khov nws ua ntej.

Nyob ntawm qhov cyclops tau noj, crustaceans liab, xim av, ntsuab, grey. Lub peev xwm los khaws cov dyes hauv koj lub cev kuj tseem siv los muab cov xim ci dua rau cov ntses thoob dej yug ntses.

copepods yees duab
copepods yees duab

Meaning in nature

Cov crustaceans me me uaib qho txuas tseem ceeb hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus ntawm marine ecosystems. Cov kev tshawb fawb niaj hnub no qhia tau hais tias qhov txo qis ntawm krill hauv dej hiav txwv dej (raws li qee qhov kev kwv yees, nws tau nce mus rau 80% txij li xyoo 1976) ua rau muaj kev hem thawj tsis yog ntau hom ntses, tab sis kuj penguins, ntsaws ruaj ruaj thiab txawm whales.

Ntxiv rau, copepods, ua ke nrog lwm cov benthic saprophytes, muab dej huv los ntawm cov neeg tuag thiab cov khoom pov tseg. Planktonic crustaceans purify dej los ntawm cov ntxhia ncua kev kawm, pab txhawb rau nws cov pob tshab, thiab yog li ntawd ua rau kom cov efficiency ntawm cov nroj tsuag plankton. Thiab thaum kawg, nws yog lawv cov uas koom nrog kev nplua nuj ntawm huab cua nrog oxygen thiab nqus cov pa roj carbon dioxide los ntawm nws. Qhov no yog qhov me me crustaceans tau tsim rau hauv cov txheej txheem sib xws rau lub ntiaj teb, uas tswj hwm huab cua thiab lub xeev ntawm huab cua.

Pom zoo: