Northern European mos lwj: piav qhia nrog cov duab, yam ntxwv ntawm hom thiab chaw nyob

Cov txheej txheem:

Northern European mos lwj: piav qhia nrog cov duab, yam ntxwv ntawm hom thiab chaw nyob
Northern European mos lwj: piav qhia nrog cov duab, yam ntxwv ntawm hom thiab chaw nyob

Video: Northern European mos lwj: piav qhia nrog cov duab, yam ntxwv ntawm hom thiab chaw nyob

Video: Northern European mos lwj: piav qhia nrog cov duab, yam ntxwv ntawm hom thiab chaw nyob
Video: Tswv Yexus lub neej thaum pib txug thaum xaus 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Deer yog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm tsev neeg ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg artiodactyl. Cov tsev neeg no suav nrog tsib caug-ib hom. Lawv muaj nyob rau hauv North thiab South America, thoob plaws hauv Eurasia. Lawv nyob Australia thiab New Zealand, qhov chaw lawv coj los ntawm tib neeg.

European reindeer
European reindeer

Cov yam ntxwv luv luv

Qhov ntev ntawm cov neeg sawv cev mos lwj muaj ntau haiv neeg. Yog li, tus mos lwj pudu yog qhov loj ntawm ib tug hare, thiab elks yog piv rau qhov loj ntawm tus nees loj. Cov tsev neeg no muaj ceg horns uas loj hlob hauv cov txiv neej. Qhov tshwj xeeb yog reindeer. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm nws hom muaj horns nyob rau hauv cov txiv neej thiab poj niam. Lawv cov mos lwj raug tshem tawm txhua xyoo, lawv loj hlob hauv ib lub caij.

Deer ntawm cov neeg hauv ntiaj teb no muaj lub ntsiab lus zoo heev. Lawv yog cov khoom ntawm myths xwb thiab legends. Lawv cov duab embodies nobility, kev tshav ntuj, kev zoo nkauj, grandeur thiab swiftness. Nyob rau hauv Christianity, tus mos lwj yog ib lub cim ntawm purity, piety thiab hermitism.

migrating reindeer
migrating reindeer

Habitat

Reindeer yog tib tus neeg sawv cev ntawm genus Reindeer.

ZajQhov chaw nyob ntawm tus tsiaj no tseem ceeb heev. Nws tau faib nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm thaj av Arctic. Nws thaj chaw muaj xws li Russia, Mongolia, Eastern Europe, Scandinavian lub teb chaws.

Tam sim no, cov tsiaj qus reindeer tau ploj mus los ntawm qee qhov ntawm lawv qhov chaw nyob, feem ntau yog los ntawm thaj chaw yav qab teb. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog tib neeg kev ua haujlwm. Cov tsiaj qus loj tsuas muaj sia nyob hauv Siberia, Alaska, Greenland, Canada. Hauv cheeb tsam Kirov, European reindeer tau zoo ploj lawm. Los ntawm no qee zaus los ntawm sab qaum teb.

European reindeer description

Ntawm no yog tsiaj nruab nrab. Nws lub cev yog elongated, nws caj dab ntev. Vim lub fact tias nws yog them nrog abundantly ntev plaub hau, nws zoo nkaus li loj thiab tuab. Ob txhais ceg ntawm sab qaum teb European mos lwj yog luv. Lub taub hau ntawm tus tsiaj feem ntau yog hneev qis heev, zoo li tus mos lwj yog hunched.

Nyob rau hauv cov lus piav qhia ntawm European reindeer nws yog qhov tsim nyog los suav nrog nws cov ntaub ntawv zoo nkauj. Yog li ntawd, cov tsiaj zoo li squat, vim hais tias lawv cov tsos tsis zoo li slender thiab zoo nkauj li cov mos lwj liab. Cov tsiaj no kuj tsis muaj kev tshav ntuj hauv kev txav.

Lub taub hau ntawm cov reindeer yog elongated, proportional. Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov siab me me hauv cheeb tsam ntawm lub hlwb, maj mam tapering mus rau qhov kawg ntawm lub muzzle. Lub qhov ntswg yog npog nrog cov plaub hau tas li, tsis muaj qhov ntswg daim iav, daim di ncauj sab sauv tsis txav mus rau qhov qis dua. Cov mos lwj pob ntseg me me, puag ncig, luv. Qhov muag me me. Lub scruff (withers) yog tsa, tab sis lub hump tsis tsim. Lub nraub qaum yog ncaj, lub croup kuj ncaj thiab sloping me ntsis.

Poj niam reindeer me duacov txiv neej. Lawv lub cev ntev yog 160-210 cm, nyob rau hauv cov txiv neej cov nuj nqis ntawm 185 cm mus rau 225 cm. Qhov siab ntawm lub withers ntawm txiv neej yog mus txog 140 cm, thaum nyob rau hauv cov poj niam nws yog tsis ntau tshaj 115 cm. Cov poj niam hnyav los ntawm 70. kg txog 120 kg, hos txiv neej tuaj yeem ncav cuag 190-200 kg.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias reindeer nyob rau hauv captivity yog 30% me dua ntawm lub cev hnyav thiab 20% me me.

pab tsiaj reindeer
pab tsiaj reindeer

Kev ua neej

Reindeer nyiam nyob hauv pab tsiaj loj. Nws ntseeg tias nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua los tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab thiab nrhiav zaub mov. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov tib neeg hauv ib pab tsiaj tuaj yeem muaj txij li kaum tus neeg mus txog kaum txhiab.

Reindeer nyob hauv thaj chaw tundra los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg tsiv mus rau sab qab teb, mus rau qhov chaw taiga. Nws yooj yim dua kom tau zaub mov nyob rau lub caij ntuj no. Nws tau tsim tias, nrhiav zaub mov thaum lub sijhawm tsiv teb tsaws, lawv tuaj yeem txav mus txog 1 txhiab km. Nrog rau qhov pib ntawm caij nplooj ntoos hlav, lawv rov qab mus rau thaj tsam tundra.

Kev thaiv dej thaum lub sijhawm tsiv teb tsaws tsis ntshai reindeer. Vim lub peculiar qauv ntawm cov ntaub plaub, lawv zoo kawg nkaus ua raws li qhov chaw ntawm dej.

Cov zaub mov tseem ceeb ntawm sab qaum teb Europe mos lwj yog lichen - reindeer moss. Cov nroj tsuag yog perennial, npog tundra nrog ntaub pua plag txhua xyoo. Yog li ntawd, tsis muaj teeb meem nrog zaub mov rau reindeer. Tsiaj txhu tuaj yeem hnov mob reindeer moss hauv qab daus ntawm qhov tob txog li ib nrab ib 'meter'. Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm daus npog, lawv siv lawv hooves, siv lawv zoo li ib tug shovel thaum shoveling daus.

Reindeer duel
Reindeer duel

Reproduction

Reindeer ua kev sib deev loj hlob hauv lawv lub neej xyoo ob. Kev yug me nyuam txuas ntxiv mus txog thaum lawv muaj hnub nyoog nees nkaum xyoo. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau ntawm cov poj niam, zes qe menyuam degrade thaum muaj hnub nyoog 12 xyoos. Qhov nruab nrab lub neej expectancy ntawm ib tug reindeer yog hais txog 25 xyoo.

Kwv yees li ntawm nruab nrab Lub Cuaj Hli - Lub Kaum Hli thaum ntxov, hauv ib hlis, tus mos lwj pib rut. Lub ntsiab cim qhia tias theem no pib yog kev tsim cov tsiaj sib xyaw. Los ntawm lub sijhawm no, cov tsiaj tau hnav khaub ncaws tshiab (molting nres). Horns tau tshem ntawm velvety deposits thiab ossify. Lub sijhawm no, kev rog ntawm mos lwj yog qhov zoo.

Ib tug txiv neej mos lwj thaum lub caij yug me nyuam ua harems, uas suav nrog ntawm peb mus rau kaum peb tus poj niam.

Feem ntau, hauv ib pab neeg muaj li 10 tus neeg, muaj ib tug nyuj. Hauv pawg loj, muaj ob peb txiv neej. Bulls sib tw nrog ib leeg (lub taub qab) tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm poj niam. Thaum lawv tsis nyob ntawd, tsis muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua. Bullfights yog cov cim kev sib ntaus sib tua, nco txog cov kev cai dab qhuas. Lawv tsis ua phem rau ib leeg.

Txiv cov poj niam hauv pab pawg, cov txiv neej xyaum tsis noj thiab poob ntau. Thaum kawg ntawm lub rut, lub cev hnyav ntawm bulls yog nees nkaum feem pua tsawg dua qhov qub. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv qaug zog heev thiab ua tsis taus cov neeg uas xav ua lawv qhov chaw. Tom qab qhov kawg ntawm txoj kev sib tw, cov txiv neej sib cais ntawm pab tsiaj thiab nyob nyias.

Kev cev xeeb tub hauv cov poj niam kav ntev li 190 txog 250 hnub. Ib tug nyuj yug los, yug menyuam ntxaib yog ib qho tsis tshua muaj.

Thaum yug, ib tug fawnhnyav txog 6 kg. Tam sim ntawd tom qab yug me nyuam, nws twb nyob ntawm nws ko taw thiab txav tau tom qab nws niam. Tsuas yog ib lub lim tiam ntawm lub neej, tus menyuam tuaj yeem ua luam dej hla tus dej. lactation hauv poj niam kav 6 lub hlis.

Reindeer nrog calf
Reindeer nrog calf

Tib neeg siv mos lwj

Cov neeg qaum teb tau kawm yuav ua li cas rau cov mos lwj European ntev dhau los. Tsev neeg muaj nyiaj yog nyob rau hauv feem ncaj qha rau pes tsawg tus mos lwj hauv tsev. Rau cov neeg ntawm North, tus tsiaj no yog tshwj xeeb. Nqaij, ntshav, entrails tau siv rau zaub mov. Reindeer mis nyuj muaj rog thiab noj tau zoo heev.

Cov tawv nqaij ntawm sab qaum teb Europe mos lwj kuj yog thoob ntiaj teb. Lub npe yog them nrog lub tsev (yurts, yarangas, chums). Lawv mus rau tailoring txiv neej thiab poj niam lub caij ntuj no khaub ncaws. Cov tawv nqaij ntawm reindeer, tau los ntawm nws cov ceg, yog qhov ruaj khov, siv los ua khau sov thiab xis nyob.

Reindeer nyob rau hauv lub sam thiaj
Reindeer nyob rau hauv lub sam thiaj

Reindeer thiab tshuaj

Cov horns ntawm cov tsiaj no tau siv dav hauv tshuaj. Ib qho extract los ntawm lawv los yog hmoov yog siv los kho cov kab mob ntawm cov musculoskeletal system. Kev npaj ua los ntawm horns muaj pov thawj muaj zog immunostimulating nyhuv rau tib neeg lub cev. Yog li, pantogematogen tau pom zoo kom noj nrog kev ntxhov siab ntawm lub cev thiab lub hlwb.

Nyob rau yav dhau los, reindeer tau siv los ua tsheb nees. Lawv thauj neeg tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo, rub cov sleds ntev dhau los ntawm cov daus thiab tawm ntawm txoj kev. Nrog lub advent ntawm niaj hnub technology (snowmobiles,ATVs, tsheb, thiab lwm yam) lawv tsis siv lawm. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv cov tswv tseem muaj lub sijhawm kom muaj kev lom zem nyob rau hauv lub reindeer sleigh.

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