Lub ntiaj teb lub pob zeb yog tsim los ntawm ntau pua pob zeb sib txawv. Kab lus no yuav tham txog ib leeg xwb. phosphorite yog dab tsi? Lawv lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg yog dab tsi? Hauv cov teb chaws twg lawv raug mined, thiab lawv siv li cas hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no? Peb yuav qhia koj txog qhov no ntxiv.
Cov ntaub ntawv dav dav txog tus tsiaj, nws cov khoom thiab cov khoom
Yog li, phosphorite yog dab tsi? Qhov no yog pob zeb ntawm sedimentary keeb kwm, muaj feem ntau ntawm phosphorus anhydrite (cov tshuaj formula - P2O5), calcium oxides thiab lwm yam minerals - quartz, dolomite, chalcedony, glauconite thiab lwm yam. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm phosphorite kuj tseem muaj xws li hlau oxides, aluminosilicates, organic tshuaj.
Lub pob zeb no muaj ntau haiv neeg. Feem ntau, phosphorites muaj cov tsos ntawm cov pob zeb tsaus xim ntawm cov duab txawv txawv. Feem ntau yog cov xim grey tsaus, cov qauv ntawm burgundy lossis xim av yog me ntsis tsawg dua. Feem ntau, phosphorites tau nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov pob puag ncig nrog cov qauv radiant hauv kev so, lossisloj slabs mus txog 0.5-1 meters nyob rau hauv thickness.
Yav tas los, tib neeg hu lub pob zeb no "bread ore" thiab tsis paub nws tus nqi tiag. Yog li ntawd, lawv tsuas yog siv los ua cov khoom siv hauv tsev rau kev tsim vaj tsev thiab laj kab. Feem ntau lees paub lub npe ntawm cov tsiaj los ntawm Greek lo lus "phosphorus", uas txhais tau tias "nqa lub teeb".
Phosphorite yog ib lub pob zeb nyuaj nrog cov ntxhia sib txawv thiab cov qauv ntom ntom. Yog tias koj saib ntawm nws txoj kev tawg los ntawm lub tshuab tsom iav lossis lub iav tsom iav muaj zog, koj tuaj yeem pom ib tus neeg cov nplej ntawm cov xuab zeb, cov plhaub thiab cov seem ntawm cov pob txha ntawm cov kab mob me me hauv hiav txwv.
Keeb kwm ntawm phosphorites
Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm cov tsiaj no yog cov organic, uas yog biolytic. Phosphorites tau tsim los ntawm cov seem ntawm cov kab mob hauv hiav txwv - cov plhaub, pob txha, cov plhaub, uas tau sau ntau ntau hauv cov av hauv qab ntawm cov dej hiav txwv ntiav ntiav (txog 1000 meters). Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, lawv decomposed thiab succumbed rau complex tshuaj transformation. Nws yog qhov ua tau tias qhov no tshwm sim nrog kev koom tes ntawm cov kab mob nyob.
Cia peb xav txog cov txheej txheem no kom ntxaws ntxiv. Cov kab mob ib leeg (plankton) muaj peev xwm nqus tau phosphorus los ntawm dej hiav txwv. Cov tsiaj loj dua (piv txwv li, ntses lossis cov ntses), pub rau ntawm plankton, saturate lawv cov kab mob nrog cov khoom no. Kev tuag, lawv pab txhawb rau qhov concentration ntawm phosphorus hauv qab sediments. Thiab, nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv txhua tus raug tua rau tib cov kab mob. Xws li lub voj voog txuas ntxiv thiab ntev ntawm phosphorus nyob rau hauv qhov tsuas yog ua rau tsim cov pob zeb phosphate thiab cov zaub mov.
Phosphorites feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv geological deposits ntawm ancient seas nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm rounded conglomerates los yog loj clastic pieces. Feem ntau - hauv cov av nplaum dub lossis xim av. Piv txwv li, qhov tso nyiaj no tuaj yeem pom ntawm ntug dej ntawm Moskva River, ze ntawm lub zos Kolomenskoye.
Main ntau yam ntawm phosphate pob zeb
Raws li kev ntxhib los mos thiab saturation ntawm pob zeb nrog phosphates, ntau yam genetic hom phosphorites yog qhov txawv:
- Granular - pob zeb uas muaj qee yam ntawm cov nplej me me thiab strips ntawm phosphates txog li ob millimeters loj, txuas nrog clayey-ferruginous lossis carbonate "cement". Cov ntsiab lus ntawm P2O5ranges ntawm 7 txog 16%.
- Reservoir - cov pob zeb sib xws, muaj cov micrograins nrog lub thickness tsis ntau tshaj 0.1 millimeters. Lawv tshwm sim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm longitudinal txheej (li no lub npe). Cov ntsiab lus P2O5: 26-28%.
- Nodular (nodules) - muaj cov nodules ntawm ib puag ncig lossis lub raum zoo li zoo li ob millimeters loj. Tsis zoo li kev tsim deposits, deposits ntawm nodular phosphorites yog pluag thiab nyias. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm P2O5 sib txawv (ntawm 12 txog 38%).
- Shell yog ib yam tshwj xeeb ntawm phosphorite nrog cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm phosphate shells hauv cov qauv pob zeb. Cov ntsiab lus P2O5: 5-12%.
Yog li, dab tsi yog phosphorite, peb twb paub lawm. Tam sim no cia saib seb lawv khawb qhov twg thiab lawv siv li cas.
Phosphorite mining
Phosphorites tshwm sim hauv av feem ntau hauv txheej,nws thickness ranges ntawm ob peb centimeters mus rau ob peb kaum meters. Hauv ib qho kev tso nyiaj, tuaj yeem muaj los ntawm ob mus rau kaum tsib tons ntawm pob zeb ib square km ntawm thaj chaw tsim khoom.
Phosphorite yog mined, raws li txoj cai, hauv qhov qhib. Yog tias thaj chaw nyob hauv qab dej, kev teeb tsa tshwj xeeb yog siv. Ua ke nrog phosphorite, xuab zeb, av thiab qee cov pob zeb feem ntau yog muab rho tawm rau saum npoo. Phosphorites feem ntau tshwm sim hauv plab hnyuv ntawm lub ntiaj teb ib sab ntawm apatites. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lawv yog mined nyob rau hauv ib tug complex.
Lub ntsiab reserves ntawm phosphorites yog concentrated nyob rau hauv cov nram qab no xeev (saib daim ntawv qhia hauv qab no):
- Morocco.
- Russia.
- USA.
- Tunisia.
- Ukraine.
- Chile.
- Peru.
- Nauru.
- Jordan.
- China.
- Argentina.
Ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Lavxias Federation, cov chaw tsim khoom tseem ceeb nyob hauv Yakutia, Murmansk, Voronezh, Smolensk, Kursk thiab Kaliningrad cheeb tsam. Cov lag luam me kuj tuaj yeem pom hauv Tatarstan. Txog niaj hnub no, ntau qhov kev hloov kho tshiab tau ua nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm kev lag luam mining hauv Russia.
Yusufiya hauv Morocco tseem yog qhov loj tshaj plaws phosphorite tso nyiaj.
Siv cov pob zeb phosphate
Y Cov tsiaj no feem ntau yog siv rau kev tsim cov pob zeb hauv av chiv rau kev ua liaj ua teb - hu ua ammophos thiab superphosphates. Cov khoom no yog siv nyob rau hauv agro-industrial complex thiaj li:
- nce qoob loo yields;
- txhim kho av zoo;
- slow down the aging process of nroj tsuag;
- muab cov nroj tsuag nrog cov as-ham tseem ceeb (mineral thiab organic).
Lwm yam khoom tsim los ntawm pob zeb no yog pob zeb phosphate. Qhov no yog ib qho pheej yig, zoo thiab kuj tsis muaj teeb meem ntxhia chiv uas yog siv feem ntau ntawm cov av acidic (tundra, podzolic thiab peat).
Ntxiv rau, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua cov phosphorites yog nrog los ntawm kev tso tawm ntau ntawm sulfuric thiab phosphoric acid. Yog li ntawd, cov nroj tsuag tshuaj loj heev nrog lub voj voog tag nrho ntawm cov khoom siv raw feem ntau loj hlob nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas pob zeb mined. Piv txwv ntawm xws li kev lag luam hauv Russia: Phosphorit JSC, Apatit JSC, Phosphorit-Portstroy JSC thiab lwm yam.
In xaus…
phosphorite yog dab tsi? Qhov no yog lub pob zeb sedimentary ntawm cov xim tsaus thiab tib lub sijhawm muaj cov pob zeb mined hauv ntau lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb. Cov cheeb tsam tseem ceeb ntawm phosphorite mining yog concentrated nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws xws li Russia, Tebchaws Asmeskas, Morocco, Tuam Tshoj thiab Tunisia. Lub ntsiab "cov neeg siv khoom" ntawm lub pob zeb no yog kev ua liaj ua teb thiab kev lag luam tshuaj.
