Dab tsi yog qhov chaw khaws cia thiab chaw ua si hauv tebchaws? Cov yam ntxwv dav dav thiab cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 08:00

Txhua tus paub tias lub chaw khaws cia thiab chaw ua si hauv tebchaws yog dab tsi. Tej zaum, lawv tsuas yog tsis nkag siab qhov txawv ntawm ib lub tswv yim thiab lwm qhov. Wb sim saib seb.

Dab tsi yog National Parks

Yuav kom nkag siab tias lub chaw khaws cia thiab cov chaw ua si hauv tebchaws yog dab tsi, koj yuav tsum paub meej lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus no. Yog li, cov chaw ua si hauv tebchaws yog thaj chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm thaj av lossis dej, uas tib neeg kev ua si raug txwv tag nrho lossis qee qhov txwv. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, piv txwv li, kev khaws cia ntawm cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, muaj tsiaj thiab fauna. Cov chaw no tau qhib rau kev mus saib dawb los ntawm cov neeg nyiam ntuj thiab cov neeg ncig tebchaws.

Ntxiv rau lawv lub hom phiaj kev txuag, cov chaw ua si hauv tebchaws yog cov chaw tshawb fawb thiab tseem ua haujlwm rau kev kawm ib puag ncig. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab tias thaj chaw thiab cov khoom vaj khoom tsev ntawm tus kheej uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov complexes ntuj no yog cov ecological, zoo nkauj thiab keeb kwm muaj nqis rau lub xeev. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov no yog cov chaw zoo tshaj plaws rau kev teeb tsa thoob ntiaj tebregulated tourism.

Txhua lub tiaj ua si hauv tebchaws ntawm peb lub tebchaws yog cov cuab yeej ntawm Lavxias Federation. Cov khoom vaj khoom tsev keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai raug muab rau lawv raws li txoj cai ntawm kev tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm. Thaj chaw ntawm cov chaw ua si hauv tebchaws tsuas yog txwv rau thaj chaw tiv thaiv nrog kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm thiab mus xyuas.

Dab tsi yog reserves

Reserves yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov tseeb tias tsis yog ib qho kev lag luam nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov tib neeg nyob rau hauv lawv thaj chaw. Raws li txoj cai lij choj ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation, cov cheeb tsam no raug xa mus rau qhov tshwj tseg rau kev siv tsis txwv. Nws yog peb lub teb chaws uas muaj npe nrov rau ntau lub xeev cov chaw tiv thaiv, thaum tsuas muaj ob peb lub ntiaj teb no.

Muaj cov chaw khaws cia thiab cov chaw ua si hauv tebchaws Russia hauv yuav luag txhua cheeb tsam, yog li lawv txawv ntawm thaj chaw tshwj xeeb, cov neeg sawv cev tshwj xeeb ntawm flora thiab fauna, feem ntau muaj npe hauv Phau Ntawv Liab thiab ua tib zoo tiv thaiv los ntawm lub xeev.

Txoj haujlwm ntawm Kev Tiv Thaiv

Reserves yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm tseem fwv, yog li txhua xyoo cov nyiaj tau faib los ntawm lub teb chaws cov peev nyiaj rau lawv txoj kev tu. Qhov chaw khaws cia thiab cov chaw ua si hauv tebchaws tuaj yeem nkag siab raws li cov haujlwm tseem ceeb uas lawv ua. Yog li, cov dej num ntawm kev khaws cia yog:

• ua txhua yam kev ntsuas tsim nyog los khaws thiab txhim kho kev lom neeg sib txawv ntawm cov chaw tiv thaiv ntuj, tswj lawv hauv lawv lub xeev ntuj hauv thaj chaw tiv thaiv;
• ua haujlwm tshawb fawb;
• ua kev saib xyuas ib puag ncig, nrog rau kev ua raws li kev kawm ib puag ncig ntawm cov pejxeem;
• kev pabcuam hauv kev cob qhia cov kws tshaj lij hauv kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig;
• kev koom tes hauv ib puag ncig lub xeev kev txawj ntse thaum tsim cov khoom tso ntawm kev lag luam thiab lwm yam dej num.

thaj chaw ntawm Lavxias teb sab natural reserves tsis suav nrog kev siv subsoil, dej, nroj tsuag thiab yos hav zoov rau tsiaj, vim lawv muaj txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb rau ntiaj teb kev tshawb fawb. Lawv yog cov qauv ntawm cov tsiaj qus, ib yam ntawm ib cheeb tsam, thiab pab txhawb kev txuag ntawm cov noob caj noob ces ntawm cov neeg sawv cev tsis tshua muaj tsiaj thiab tsiaj txhu.

Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov chaw ua si hauv tebchaws

Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov chaw ua si hauv tebchaws yog:

• khaws cia kev ncaj ncees thiab qhov txawv ntawm thaj chaw ntuj thiab thaj chaw keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai nyob hauv lawv;
• restoration ntawm puas keeb kwm, kab lis kev cai thiab ntuj tsim;
• tsim kom muaj kev pom zoo rau kev tswj xyuas kev ncig xyuas thiab kev coj noj coj ua ntawm pej xeem;
• siv tswv yim ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb tshiab hauv kev txuag ntuj;
• kev kawm ib puag ncig.

Reserves thiab lub tiaj ua si hauv tebchaws yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm tsoomfwv, tau txais nyiaj los ntawm cov nyiaj faib los ntawm tsoomfwv cov peev nyiaj.

Natural parks

Dab tsi yog qhov chaw khaws cia thiab chaw ua si hauv tebchaws yog nkag siab. Thiab dab tsi txawv ntawm lawvhu ua natural parks? Qhov tseeb yog tias nyob rau hauv lawv cov xwm txheej thiab cov dej num lawv zoo ib yam li lub teb chaws. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb yog tias lawv tsis muaj cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb ntawm tsoomfwv thiab nyob rau hauv txoj cai tswjfwm ntawm lub tebchaws, thaj chaw lossis thaj chaw uas lawv nyob. Yog li ntawd, cov nyiaj tau los ntawm cov peev nyiaj hauv zos. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub Urals Taganay yog ib lub teb chaws tiaj ua si, thaum lub Chusovaya River thiab mos lwj kwj twb twb tshwj xeeb tej chaw ua si.

National chaw ua si ntawm Russia

Tam sim no, muaj ntau dua 40 lub tiaj ua si hauv tebchaws Russia, txhua qhov muaj nws tus kheej tshwj xeeb kev nyiam, txawm tias tsiaj, noog, cov nroj tsuag tshwj xeeb lossis cov khoom siv keeb kwm.

Kev coj noj coj ua ntawm cov chaw ua si hauv tebchaws raug cai yog nyob rau Northwestern Federal District ntawm Russia, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Karelia thiab thaj av Arkhangelsk. Muaj cov chaw ua si tshwj xeeb ntawm no: Vodlozersky, Kenozero, Kalevalsky, "Lavxias teb sab Arctic", "Curonian Spit", Valdai thiab ntau lwm tus.

Reserves thiab National Parks ntawm lub ntiaj teb

Ntau tshaj 38 qhov chaw khaws cia nyob hauv thaj chaw loj, mais ntev ntawm Russia. Cov no suav nrog: Altai, Baikal, Bashkir, Barguzinsky, Darvinsky, Zavidovsky, Kandalaksha, Ilmensky, Komsomolsky, Kedrovaya Pad, Kronotsky, Pechora-Ilychsky, Sayano-Shushensky, Caucasian thiab ntau lwm tus.

Ntawm cov uas yog reserves thiab lub teb chaws chaw ua si ntawm tundra: Kandalaksha, Pechoro-Ilychsky, Taimyrsky,Loj Arctic, "Yugyd Va", Lapland, Wrangel Island. Cov kws tshawb fawb tab tom kawm txog cov txheej txheem tundra ecological, nrog rau kev soj ntsuam cov noog tsis tshua muaj (polar owl, ptarmigan, peregrine falcon), cov neeg tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tsiaj qus reindeer, arctic hma liab thiab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov tsiaj hauv dej (whitefish, salmon, thiab lwm yam).

Nyob rau hauv Siberia, tundra stretches raws ib tug nqaim nqaim sawb thiab ncav cuag qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 500 km (los ntawm sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Russia mus rau sab qab teb, mus rau sab qaum teb ib feem ntawm Kamchatka). Feem ntau ntawm sab qaum teb ntawm Sweden tseem nyob los ntawm tundra sawb ntawm Swedish Lapland. Cov thaj ua rau thaj me me ntawm tundra muaj nyob hauv Finland, Norway, thiab Iceland. Yog li ntawd, cov chaw tswj hwm ib puag ncig kuj tau tsim ntawm no.

Cov chaw muaj npe nrov thiab cov chaw ua si hauv ntiaj teb uas tiv thaiv cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu ntawm tundra ecosystems: Urho-Kekkonen thiab Lemmenjoki, koom nrog Finland; "Abisko", xa mus rau Sweden; Norwegian "Hardangervidda".