William of Ockham yog ib tus neeg txawj ntse tshaj plaws ntawm lub xyoo pua 14th. Tab sis kev niaj hnub paub nws tsuas yog vim yog kev tso cai ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev yooj yim. Nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm nws cov phau ntawv, nws hais kom txiav tawm tag nrho cov tsis tsim nyog complexity, tawm tsuas yog qhov yuav tsum tau sib cav. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus no hu ua "Occam's rab chais" thiab nws lub suab zoo li no: "Nws tsis yog qhov tsim nyog los sib faib cov khoom tsis tsim nyog." Hauv lwm lo lus, nws qhia, qhov ua tau, ua kom cov lus piav qhia yooj yim, tsis muaj teeb meem rau lawv.
txwv ntawm Occam lub hauv paus ntsiab lus
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm "Occam's rab chais" yog qhov laj thawj yuav tsum tsis txhob cuam tshuam nrog cov ntsiab lus tsis tsim nyog thiab cov ntsiab lus, yog tias koj tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj lawv. Nws cov lus tau hloov pauv ntau zaus, tab sis lub ntsiab lus tseem zoo ib yam.
Ntau daim ntawv sau tau sau txog yuav ua li cas Occam rab chais ua haujlwm. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus no tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb raws li kev tshem tawm qhov thib peb hauv kev xav lossis txoj kev xav ntawm kev sib raug zoo hauv physics.
Tab sis yog Occam rab chais siv tau hauv lub neej txhua hnub? Los yog nws ua tausiv tsuas yog rau kev tshawb fawb? Yog tias peb tham txog cov kev txwv ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev yooj yim, ces cov xwm txheej zoo li no tuaj yeem ua tau hauv kev tshawb fawb thaum kev lag luam ntawm kev xav tsis coj cov txiaj ntsig xav tau? Thiab puas yog ib txwm tsim nyog hauv lub neej los daws cov teeb meem tsuas yog thaum lawv tuaj?
Tau kawg, cov xwm txheej zoo li no yog qhov tseeb tiag, vim tias ob qho tib si kev tshawb fawb thiab peb lub neej niaj hnub tsis ntws ncaj thiab ntsuas. Qee zaum, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau txiav txim siab tshwj xeeb uas qhov kev kawm ntxiv ntawm lub neej lossis cov xwm txheej tshawb fawb nyob ntawm. Thiab muaj los txog lub sijhawm thaum qhov kev xav uas tsis siv lawm yog hloov los ntawm ib qho tshiab kiag li. Thiab lub sijhawm no, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob daws teeb meem nrog kev pab los ntawm "Occam's rab chais". Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob txiav qhov "ntau tshaj", txwv tsis pub koj yuav nco ib yam tseem ceeb heev rau koj lossis tib neeg tag nrho.
Yog li, peb tuaj yeem xaus tias "Occam's rab chais" siv tau thaum tsis muaj kev hloov pauv zoo hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab lub neej.
Ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev thov Occam's formulation
Tus kws tshaj lij hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm Nrab Hnub nyoog, Philoteus Bener, nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm cov ntawv luam ntawm 1957, tshaj tawm tias Occam's Razor yog tsim los ntawm tus sau raws li hauv qab no: "Nws tsis tas yuav tsum tau lees paub ntau yam tsis muaj. qhov tsim nyog." Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia tias William ntawm Ockham tsuas yog hais lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev yooj yim, paub txij li lub sijhawm Aristotle. Hauv logic nws yog hu ua "txoj cai ntawm qhov laj thawj txaus."
Rau qhov piv txwv ntawm qhov xwm txheej uas Occam lub ntsiab lus tuaj yeem siv tau, peb tuaj yeem hais cov lus teb los ntawm physicist thiab mathematician Laplace rau Emperor Napoleon. Allegedly, tom kawg hais rau tus kws tshawb fawb tias hauv nws txoj kev xavtsis muaj chaw txaus rau Vajtswv. Qhov twg Laplace teb tias: "Kuv tsis tas yuav xav txog qhov kev xav no."
Yog peb hloov kho lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev yooj yim thiab kev lag luam rau hauv cov lus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, ces nws yuav zoo li no: "Cov lus tseeb tshaj plaws yog cov lus luv".
txoj cai no tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm concretization ntawm cov ntsiab lus niaj hnub no. Txhua lub ntsiab lus uas siv yuav tsum yog qhov tseeb kom tsis txhob tsim cov khoom siv rov ua dua uas tau lees tias yog tag nrho-encompassing.
Nyob rau hauv logic, kev lag luam ntawm thawj qhov kev xav yog nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb tias tsis muaj ib qho ntawm cov kev lees paub no yuav tsum ua raws li ntawm tus so. Ntawd yog, thaum ua pov thawj ib qho axiom, yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj cov lus tsis tsim nyog uas tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau nws. Txawm hais tias txoj cai kev lag luam no tsis tas yuav tsum tau ua.
