Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yog tsim los pab cov neeg siv khoom ncaj qha los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Cov tom kawg tuaj yeem yog ob qho tib si autonomous generators thiab tag nrho cov thermal, hydrological thiab nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov pob txha caj qaum tsis tshua muaj siv los txhawb cov neeg siv khoom kawg. Lub traction substation nrog cov yam ntxwv tsim nyog rau ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb yog siv rau kev faib hluav taws xob los muab cov chaw thauj khoom thauj.
khoom siv substation
Kev txhawb nqa kev pabcuam ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb feem ntau yog tsom rau kev txais hluav taws xob ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm 110-220 kV. Kuj tseem muaj kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob tsawg tsim los rau cov tes hauj lwm nrog qhov hluav taws xob ntawm 35 kV. Nyob ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm, lawv tuaj yeem muaj los ntawm 2 mus rau 6 lub ntsiab lus nkag - cov no yog cov chaw nres tsheb me me uas yog ib feem ntawm cov qauv ntawm ib qho nyuaj. Kauj ruam-down transformers thiab converters yog lub luag hauj lwm rau lub hwj chim faib. Thiab tsis tas switchgear yuav tsum muaj lub luag haujlwm rau kev muab lub zog rau cov neeg siv khoom. Ib txhia ntawm lawv ua haujlwm los tswj kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov chaw hauv zos. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov cuab yeej ntawm traction substations muab rau lub xub ntiag ntawm inverters thiab rectifiers. Lawv tej hauj lwmraug txo kom kho qhov tam sim no rau cov kev xav tau ntawm ib tus neeg siv khoom tshwj xeeb. Lawv kuj tuaj yeem muab kev rov qab mus rau lub network dav dav ntawm lub zog uas tau tsim los ntawm kev rov tsim dua tshiab ntawm cov kab hauv zos. Feeder installations yog siv los xyuas kom meej kev sib txuas lus ntawm kev faib infrastructure ntawm substation thiab cov khoom siv.
Ntau yam
Ib qho ntawm cov kev faib ua feem cuam tshuam nrog kev faib cov chaw ua haujlwm raws li txoj kev sib txuas rau cov kab hluav taws xob loj. Tshwj xeeb, cov khoom nodal, kawg thiab nruab nrab yog qhov txawv. Nodal txhawb kev txais tos thiab kev faib hluav taws xob hauv peb txoj hauv kev hauv thaj tsam ntawm 110-220 kV. Lawv tuaj yeem ua raws li qhov tam sim no rau lwm qhov chaw traction. Cov khoom kawg ua haujlwm nrog ob kab, thiab cov khoom nruab nrab yog tsim los txuas ib lub voj voog sib faib - nruab nrab ntawm lub zog thiab tib lub substation. Raws li cov hluav taws xob traction system, cov chaw nres tsheb ncaj qha thiab alternating tam sim no txawv. Qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv yog tias DC traction substation yuav tsum tau nruab nrog switchgear. AC units ua haujlwm rau cov tes hauj lwm uas muaj qhov hluav taws xob txog 27 kV thiab tuaj yeem ntsia tau ntawm qhov deb txog li 50 km ntawm ib leeg.
substation applications
Qhov kev siv tseem ceeb ntawm cov chaw xa khoom xa tawm yog hluav taws xob thauj khoom thiab cov khoom siv cuam tshuam. Lub hauv paus ntawm cov peev txheej ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo li notsim cov chaw nres tsheb uas xa ncaj qha tam sim no. Lawv tau teeb tsa raws cov kab tsheb thauj mus los thiab muab lub zog rau hluav taws xob locomotives, trolleybuses, trams thiab railway complexes. Nyob rau hauv lem, AC traction substations feem ntau yog siv los pab telemechanics thiab automation, uas yog ib feem ntawm tib infrastructure. Piv txwv li, nws tuaj yeem yog cov cim xub, teeb pom kev zoo thiab cov kab sib txuas lus. Qhov no tsis txhais tau hais tias ib txoj haujlwm tsawg dua poob rau ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb AC. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lub zog muaj peev xwm, lawv poob rau analogues nrog ncaj qha tam sim no, tab sis lawv lub zog muaj peev xwm yog ruaj khov thiab resistant rau loads.
substations rau railways
Feem ntau ntawm cov chaw no ua haujlwm rau kev tsheb ciav hlau. Lawv ua haujlwm rau kev faib khoom, kev hloov pauv thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ncaj qha ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob dov thiab cov neeg siv khoom tsis yog kev tsheb ciav hlau. Kev teeb tsa rau kev faib ncaj qha tam sim no yog mounted raws kab nrog qhov deb li ntawm 10-15 km. Lub sijhawm no yuav txawv nyob ntawm qhov congestion ntawm cov lem thiab lawv lub hom phiaj. Lub hauv paus ntawm lub zog kuj yog lwm lub hauv paus tseem ceeb, tom qab ntawd lub zog raug xa mus rau lub transformer. Qhov no yog ua raws li theem hloov dua siab tshiab, tom qab ntawd cov hluav taws xob xa mus rau lub network sib cuag. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias railway traction substation yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau zog. Ntawd yog, yuav tsum tau npaj cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis uas tuaj yeem ruaj khov thauj lub zog rov qab mus rau txoj kev loj. Txoj haujlwm no yog ua los ntawm inverter - raws li txoj cai,los ntawm kev sib cuag network hloov hauv hom tsis siv neeg.
khoom siv tiav
Ntxiv rau cov hluav taws xob tseem ceeb hauv daim ntawv hloov pauv, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab lwm yam khoom siv ua haujlwm rau kev sib cuag, cov chaw txuas ntxiv tau ntxiv nrog cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv thiab cov khoom siv tua hluav taws. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov nyiaj no yuav tsum tsis yog rau kev saib xyuas hauv zos ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm, tab sis kuj txhawm rau kom muaj peev xwm muab kev pabcuam thawj zaug. Cov khoom tiv thaiv ntawm traction substations tej zaum yuav muaj xws li relay li, Circuit Court breakers, signaling khoom, thiab lwm yam
kev ua haujlwm substation
Substations tuaj yeem tswj tau ntau txoj hauv kev. Cov khoom niaj hnub ntawm hom no yog kev pabcuam los ntawm cov chaw taws teeb tswj lossis siv cov cuab yeej siv tshuab. Cov txheej txheem ib txwm tswj los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm kuj siv. Txoj kev tswj hwm no feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv cov chaw me me hauv cov nroog me - vim qhov tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm kev tswj hwm kev txhawb nqa. Txawm li cas los xij, cov cheeb tsam loj loj kuj tuaj yeem muab los ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb traction nrog kev pabcuam ncaj qha los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm vim muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm lawv qhov kev kaw thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev. Txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho kev ntseeg siab, siv cov txheej txheem tswj kev sib xyaw ua ke, uas kuj suav nrog cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob nrogtswj chaw taws teeb, thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm. Hauv qhov no, tag nrho cov txheej txheem raug saib xyuas los ntawm tus neeg saib xyuas uas ua haujlwm tsis hais txog kev siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev.
Substation Maintenance Manual
Kev kho yog ua raws li lub vev xaib tshwj xeeb kev tshuaj xyuas lub sijhawm. Ib txheej txheej ntawm kev ua ub no suav nrog hauv kev saib xyuas suav nrog cov khoom siv kho dua tshiab, kev sim ua haujlwm, kho cov teeb meem me me thiab txheeb xyuas qhov teeb meem uas yuav raug tshuaj xyuas kom ntxaws ntxiv thaum lub sijhawm kho. Rau qhov kev xav mus sij hawm ntev, raws li ib feem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kho mob, ib lub cav yog khaws cia uas sau cov dynamics ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm daim tshev. Yog tias tsis ua tsis tiav, thaum ua haujlwm tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv, traction transformer substations raug ntxuav los ntawm cov pa phem, cov khoom siv tau hloov kho hauv qee qhov chaw thiab cov cuab yeej siv niaj hnub no tau teeb tsa.
Kho ua haujlwm
Thaum lub sijhawm hloov kho, tus neeg saib xyuas tau txais ib daim ntawv qhia txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev xeem dhau los. Raws li nws qhov kev tshuaj xyuas, tus kws ua choj ua qhov kev txiav txim siab qhia txog qhov teeb meem uas yuav ua haujlwm kho. Nyob rau theem pib, bolted, kev sib cuag thiab welded kev sib txuas tau hloov kho. Thaum ua kev kho tam sim no, cov ntsiab lus txuas tau rov qab los, cov kab nrib pleb hauv cov rwb thaiv tsev raug tshem tawm, cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj thiab cov seams tau ntxiv dag zog. Thaum kawgrooj plaub, lub traction substation tej zaum yuav reconstructed nrog kev hloov ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb. Feem ntau, cov xwm txheej zoo li no tau ua tiav tom qab hloov qhov tsis sib xws hauv lub network, thaum qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob nce lossis txo qis. Modernization kuj yog dav dav raws li ib feem ntawm kev nthuav dav cov haujlwm ntawm chaw nres tsheb.
Zoo kawg
Hnub no, traction fais fab faib chaw yog cov cuab yeej zoo tshaj plaws rau kev xa khoom thauj. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, qhov no cuam tshuam txog kev tsheb ciav hlau. Lub traction substation txuas nrog lub network ruaj khov sab nraud tuaj yeem pab ntau tus neeg siv khoom ib zaug, suav nrog cov khoom siv faib khoom. Hais txog kev hloov kho thev naus laus zis, cov no yog cov khoom siv tau yooj yim uas tso cai rau koj hloov pauv rau ob qho tib si kho vajtse thiab cov cuab yeej tswj hwm. Cov khoom siv traction niaj hnub tshaj plaws txhawb nqa kev tswj hwm tag nrho, uas txo tus nqi ntawm lawv txoj haujlwm thiab kev saib xyuas.
