Smolny Monastery yog ib qho kev tsim ci ntsa iab ntawm tus tswv ci ntsa iab

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:54

Tsuav yog tiam neeg uas kawm hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv Soviet tseem muaj sia nyob, Smolny Monastery, lossis tsuas yog "Smolny", yuav cuam tshuam nrog V. I. Lenin. Thiab txawm tias tom qab ntau xyoo hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub tsev tsim vaj tsev no, cov nplooj ntawv cuam tshuam nrog xyoo 1917-1918 yuav yog qhov ci ntsa iab. Thiab lub sij hawm tom qab cov xwm txheej no yog qhov kev tu siab tshaj plaws. Yog tsis muaj lawv, Rastrelli's Smolny Monastery yuav nyob twj ywm tsuas yog ib qho ntawm ntau qhov kev tsim zoo nkauj ntawm tus kws kos duab ci ntsa iab.

Npe raws li chaw nyob

Keeb kwm ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj yog qhov nthuav heev, zoo li yuav luag txhua yam khoom hauv St. Ua ntej qhov tshwm sim ntawm sab qaum teb lub peev, thaj chaw no yog ib cheeb tsam ciam teb. Nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Spasovshchina, sai li sai tau raws li cov Swedes txhim tsa lub Nienschanz fortress ntawm lub opposite bank, Fort Sabina tau tsa rau ntawm qhov chaw. Admir alty shipyard yog ib qho ntawm thawj lub tsev ntawm lub nroog nascent-fortress. Nws yog rau nws cov kev xav tau uas lub vaj Smolyanoy tau tsim. Qhov chaw tau muab lub npe tsim nyog. Smolny Monastery, uas tau tshwm sim tom qab no, zoo li qhov nyuajtus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom, hauv nws lub npe muaj qhov chaw nyob ntawm nws qhov chaw thiab … ib feem ntawm keeb kwm.

Kev xav ntawm Empress yog txoj cai

Lub tswv yim ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj yog los ntawm Empress Elizaveta Petrovna, uas tau saib xyuas nws lub hnub nyoog laus ua ntej. Nws xav tau kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb thiab nyob ntsiag to, thiab tag nrho cov no tau lees paub los ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, lub abbess uas tus poj huab tais yuav los ua. Tab sis qhov hnyav asceticism ntawm txoj kev monastic ntawm lub neej tsis suav nrog lub tswv yim ntawm lub hnub nyoog zoo siab, thiab Smolny Monastery tau muab ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv kaw rau cov ntxhais ntawm lub hauv paus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Lawm, qhov kev nplij siab ntawm kev nyob yog lav los ntawm ib qho ntawm 120 cov tub ntxhais kawm. Rau txhua tus, cais chav tsev tau muab nrog txhua qhov kev pabcuam tsim nyog - ib hom chav tsev sib cais. Abbess yuav tsum muaj ib lub tsev cais.

Ober-architect ntawm St. Petersburg

Qhov kev xaiv ntawm qhov chaw yog khoom plig rau lub cim xeeb ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas xyoo uas siv hauv Smolny Palace (lub npe thib ob yog Maiden), hauv qhov kev txiav txim siab, ntawm qhov kev thov ntawm Anna Ioannovna.

Francesco Rastrelli, tus tub ntawm Carl Rastrelli nto moo, thaum lub sijhawm ntawd tau ua tus thawj kws tsim qauv ntawm St. Nws tau raug qhia kom tsim tsa Kev Sawv Rov Los Novodevichy Convent. Xyoo 1744, tus kws tsim vaj tsev ci ntsa iab tau tsim cov qauv tshiab ntawm cov khoom siv ritual, uas, nrog rau cov tsev nyob ib puag ncig nws, tau los ua qhov tshwm sim tshiab hauv lub tsev teev ntuj architecture.

Original approach

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yogqhov tsis tiav ntawm lub laj kab zeb. Qhov no yog ib qho lus qhia tias lub tsev kawm ntawv yuav tsis yog lub tsev teev ntuj kaw, hais txog kev ua tiav ntawm kev ua neej nyob hauv ntiaj teb, tab sis yuav yog lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab rau cov poj niam hluas. Xyoo 1748 thawj pob zeb tau muab tso rau. Tus huab tais nws tus kheej tau mus koom lub koob tsheej. Lub Smolny Rastrelli Monastery tau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv lub tebchaws.

Ntuj yuav tsum yog tam sim no

Tab sis poj niam txoj kev xav hloov pauv tau. Thiab ntau dua li qhov kev xav ntawm Empress. Thiab tam sim no, xyoo 1849, thawj qhov project tau rov ua dua. Ua ntej, lub tswb pej thuam, xeeb los ntawm Rastrelli 140 meters siab thiab tshaj Peter thiab Paul Belfry, raug txo kom qis qis hauv zos loj. Nyob rau hauv qhov project tshiab, cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qub Lavxias teb sab monasteries tshwm. Tshwj xeeb, lub xub ntiag ntawm lub domes tau pom: lub hauv paus - loj thiab loj - ncig los ntawm 4 me me.

Ntau nyiaj ntau thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm tau faib rau pawg tshiab ntawm Smolny Monastery. Xyoo 1754, Elizabeth tuaj txog ntawm qhov chaw. Qhov nws pom nws ua rau nws xav tsis thoob tias nws tau kis tus kab mob gigantomania tam sim ntawd thiab tau hais kom nws cov xeeb ntxwv los pov lub tswb uas yuav cuam tshuam rau Tsar Tswb - nws qhov ntev yuav tsum yog 6.5 meters dav, thiab nws yuav hnyav 20,000 phaus. Tab sis tus empress tuag ua ntej lub solemn fij tseg. Lub Smolny Monastery raug xa mus rau oblivion.

Tsis nco qab pib pib

Tsis muaj haujlwm ua nyob ntawm no tau tsib xyoos. Tsis muaj domes thiab tswb pej thuam,lub unplastered complex yog overgrown nrog gloomy legends. Kev tsov kev rog ua rau lub txhab nyiaj puas tsuaj, Catherine II tshem tawm Rastrelli ntawm kev lag luam. Tau kaum xyoo, los ntawm 1785 txog 1795, kev ua haujlwm tau mus lossis tso tseg. Thiab yog tias Lub Koom Haum Kev Kawm Ntawv rau cov ntxhais los ntawm cov tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe uas yuav tsum tau nyob hauv ib qho chaw tsis tau tshwm sim nrog kev tshwm sim ntawm tus huab tais tshiab, Smolny Monastery hauv St. Petersburg yuav tseem tsis tau lees paub - tsuas yog 20 tus nuns nyob ntawd.

Nrog Povlauj tuaj txog, cov “cov poj ntsuam zoo nkauj” (lossis, raws li lawv hu ua, “Smolyanok”) raug ntiab tawm, mus rau cov poj ntsuam nyob rau qhov chaw tsis muaj. Pom tseeb, muaj cov tsev nyob qhov twg, txawm tias lawv zoo nkauj, tsis muaj leej twg tuaj yeem ua kom sov lawv lub rooj.

Tus tswv tuaj txog

Kev tsim kho tau ua tiav tiav raws li Nicholas I. Nws tau siv sijhawm ntev heev uas tsis tau pom dua - 87 xyoo. Tus kws kes duab vajtse V. P. Stasov, tau yeej qhov kev sib tw, rov kho thiab kho lub tsev teev ntuj rau peb xyoos, thiab tsuas yog xyoo 1835 lub complex tau fij tseg. Nws tau los ua lub npe hu ua Cathedral ntawm txhua lub tsev kawm ntawv. Kev tshoov siab los ntawm kev zoo nkauj sab nraud uas yog Smolny Monastery (daim duab yog ib tug tim khawv), Lavxias teb sab masters sim ua kom lub sab hauv kho kom zoo nkauj tsim nyog ua hauj lwm ntawm tus poj Rastrelli. Lub tsev yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog marble, siv lead ua balustrade thiab lub altarpiece los ntawm A. Vasnetsov ua lub Smolny Monastery ib tug tshwj xeeb cov khoom muaj nqis ntawm Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai. Tib yam uas tsis tau ua tiav yog lub tswb pej thuam, uas, hauv paus ntsiab lus, tsis cuam tshuam rau sab nrauv ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj. Hu tau zoo heev.

Txhua yam poob rau hauv qhov chaw niaj hnub no

Tab sislub kiv puag ncig tsis tau tso cai rau lub monastery nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej no rau niaj hnub no, tom qab uas lub pearl no txawm siv los ua ib lub warehouse. Cov neeg pluag kaw, dhau ntawm tes mus rau tes; xyoo 1990 lub tsev tau siv los ua kev hais kwv txhiaj thiab chaw ua yeeb yam.

thawj zaug thov Vajtswv tom qab ntau xyoo yog nyob ntawm no tsuas yog xyoo 2009. Txij li xyoo 2010, Smolny Cathedral tau siv rau nws lub hom phiaj - nws qhib rau kev pe hawm. Xyoo 2011, yuav luag ib puas xyoo tom qab, cov kev pabcuam Christmas tau muaj nyob hauv Smolny Cathedral.