Lub hauv paus ntawm cov nroj tsuag physiology yog cov txheej txheem ntawm photosynthesis - kev hloov pauv ntawm lub hnub ci zog rau hauv lub zog ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj. Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm photosynthesis yog nplooj. Qhov saum npoo ntawm nplooj yog npog nrog daim tawv nqaij nyias - lub epidermis, nyob rau hauv uas yog nyob rau hauv chlorenchyma - tib cov ntaub so ntswg nyob rau hauv lub hlwb uas cov txheej txheem ntawm photosynthesis yuav siv qhov chaw. Hauv qee cov nroj tsuag, nruab nrab ntawm cov epidermis thiab chlorenchyma, muaj lwm txheej ntxiv ntawm cov hlwb, uas yog hu ua "hypoderm". Cov hlwb ntawm hypodermis yog pob tshab thiab lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog tawg tshav ntuj.
Chlorenchyma hlwb muaj lub ntsiab organelle uas ua tawm photosynthesis - plastids. Peb yuav kawm txog cov plastids yog dab tsi thiab xim dab tsi lawv tuaj yeem ua los ntawm chav kawm biology hauv tsev kawm.
YDab tsi yog plastids
Plastids yog cov kab mob hauv nruab nrog cev uas nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm ob daim nyias nyias. Sab hauv, txhua plastid tau ntim nrog cov kua tshwj xeeb - matrix. Lub matrix muaj cov enzymes tsim nyog rau synthesis ntawm qabzib, cov khoom kawg ntawm photosynthesis. Nrog kev pab los ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm enzymes, 6 molecules ntawm carbon dioxide thiab 6 dej yog hloov mus rau hauv 2 molecules ntawm qabzib. Ib ntawmLub ntsiab "cov neeg ua yeeb yam" yog cov molecule ntawm chloroville - cov xim ntsuab, uas muab xim rau cov nplooj ntawm cov nroj tsuag.
Plastid yam
Yog tus me nyuam nug koj seb cov xim plastids tuaj yeem ua tau li cas, tsis txhob maj teb tias lawv yeej ntsuab. Txhua yam tsis meej! Plastids yog xim los ntawm cov xim uas lawv muaj. Nyob ntawm qhov no, ntau hom kev sib txawv: proplastids, leukoplasts, chloroplasts, chromoplasts. Nws nyob ntawm seb cov xim plastids yog dab tsi.
Proplastids yog cov organelles tsis muaj kob uas tag nrho lwm hom plastids tom qab tsim. Leucoplast kuj tsis muaj xim. Chloroplast yog xim ntsuab, thiab lawv txiav txim siab xim ntawm nplooj thiab qia.
Chromoplasts yog hom kab txawv tshaj plaws ntawm plastids. Lub matrix ntawm chromoplasts muaj carotenoids, thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no nws yog lawv uas txiav txim seb cov xim plastids yuav ua tau - txiv kab ntxwv, daj, liab, liab, burgundy los yog xim av. Chromoplasts muab paj thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo lawv cov yam ntxwv xim.
Plastid muaj nuj nqi
Cov xim ntawm plastids nyob ntawm lawv txoj haujlwm. Ntau precisely, los ntawm cov xim muaj nyob rau hauv lawv muaj pes tsawg leeg. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm plastids yog photosynthesis, tab sis tsis yog tag nrho cov plastids muaj peev xwm ntawm photosynthesis, tab sis tsuas yog chloro- thiab chromoplasts.
Leucoplasts yog "laus" plastids uas ua haujlwm khaws cov tshuaj, feem ntau cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, thiab proplastids ua rau txhua yam ntxivhom plastid.
Yog li, cov haujlwm nyob ntawm seb cov xim plastids tuaj yeem ua tau. Ntsuab chloroplasts synthesize cov khoom tshiab, thiab xim thiab ci chromoplasts nyiam pollinating kab rau paj. Tsis muaj xim leucoplast khaws cov zaub mov cia.
