Raws li koj paub, cov nyiaj tau los ntawm ib lub tuam txhab, kev lag luam thiab cov lag luam ntiag tug nyob ntawm ntau yam, tab sis tej zaum qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lawv yog qhov ntim ntawm cov khoom muag. Los ntawm nws cov nqi feem ntau nyob ntawm seb yuav yog qib ntawm cov nyiaj tau los thiab tus nqi ntawm cov nyiaj tau los. Qhov tseem ceeb no, nyob rau hauv lem, nyob ntawm seb qhov kev thov elastic yog li cas thiab ntawm tus nqi xaiv lub tswv yim. Ntawm ib sab, tus nqi ntawm cov khoom ntau dua, cov neeg yuav khoom tsawg dua. Ntawm qhov tod tes, ntawm tus nqi qis thiab cov nyiaj tau los yuav nyuaj heev. Dab tsi yog tus nqi zoo tshaj plaws rau tus neeg ua lag luam? Cov lus teb yog nyob rau hauv kev kawm lub zog ntawm kev thov.
Economic Elasticity
Thawj zaug, tus kws tshawb fawb thoob ntiaj teb zoo li A. Marshall tau saib xyuas qhov teeb meem no. Nws yog nws leej twg qhia qhov taw qhia ntawm elasticity, ua tsaug rau qhov uas ib tug yuav tau yooj yim paub qhov txawv thaum thov yog elastic thiab thaum nws tsis yog, thiab nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm qhov no, xaiv lub feem ntau profitable trading zoo. Dab tsilub tswvyim no txhais li cas? Elasticity nyob rau hauv txoj kev xav ntawm kev lag luam txhais tau hais tias muaj peev xwm ntawm qee qhov kev hloov pauv los teb rau cov kev hloov pauv uas tau tshwm sim nrog rau lwm qhov ntau uas lawv nyob ncaj qha. Yog tias peb tham txog kev thov, ces nws feem ntau cuam tshuam los ntawm tus nqi muag.
Xaiv ntawm coefficient ntawm elasticity thiab plotting
Denote los ntawm ΔQ qhov feem pua ntawm kev muag khoom ntim, thiab los ntawm ΔP qhov hloov pauv ntawm tus nqi tsim khoom. Qhov xav tau elasticity coefficient tsis muaj dab tsi ntau dua li qhov piv ntawm ob qhov kev ntsuas no, coj nrog cov cim qhia tawm: εрD =- ΔQ / ΔP. Thaum qhov ntsuas no dhau ib qho, qhov kev thov tau hais tias yog elastic. Thaum nws me dua nws, nws txhais tau hais tias qhov ntxeev. Thiab yog hais tias qhov tshwm sim coefficient hloov mus rau qhov sib npaug ntawm 1, nws tau txiav txim siab tias qhov kev thov no yog qhov kev thov ntawm chav tsev elasticity. Kom meej meej, qhov kev cia siab ntawm kev muag khoom ntawm tus nqi feem ntau tshwm sim ntawm kev sib koom tes. Feem ntau, qhov nce ntawm tus nqi ntawm ib chav tsev ntawm cov khoom yog cim vertically, thiab cov nyiaj tau los yog cim kab rov tav.
Ib daim duab ntawm elastic thov yog txoj kab ncaj nraim nrog nws txoj cai kawg. Ib qho piv txwv muaj nyob rau hauv daim duab ntawm sab laug.
Cov khoom ntawm elastic thov
Muaj qee qhov laj thawj uas nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev lossis lwm qhov cuam tshuam rau tus cwj pwm ntawm cov neeg siv khoom thiab qhov ntim ntawm kev yuav khoom lawv ua. Hais txog elasticity ntawm kev thov, cov hauv qab no tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv:
- Tus nqi ntawm cov nyiaj tau los. Qhov me me yog, lubtus nqi ntawm cov khoom ua si lub luag haujlwm loj.
- Lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev, qhov kev thov feem ntau yog elastic, thiab yog tias qhov kev thov siv tau rau lub sijhawm luv luv, ces tus nqi mus los ntawm txoj kev.
- Muaj "cov khoom hloov pauv". Qhov ntau muaj, tus nqi tseem ceeb dua.
- Kev faib khoom ntawm cov khoom no hauv cov peev nyiaj ntawm cov neeg siv khoom. Qhov siab dua, qhov xav tau ntau dua.
- khoom zoo. Rau cov khoom kim heev, raws li txoj cai, εpD >1, thiab rau cov khoom tseem ceeb, feem ntau εp D< 1.
- Tshuag muaj. Cov khoom lag luam ntau tus neeg yuav khoom tswj hwm, qhov tseem ceeb dua tus nqi yog rau nws, thiab, raws li, qhov elasticity ntawm kev thov yog siab dua.
- Qhov dav ntawm cov khoom qeb. Rau cov khoom tshwj xeeb, kev thov yog tsawg elastic thiab vice versa.
Xaiv kev lag luam zoo
Thaum kev thov yog elastic, qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev lag luam tawm tswv yim rau lub tuam txhab yog txiav nqi. Xws li txoj cai kawg maximizes net profit. Yog hais tias qhov kev thov yog inelastic, ces cov tshuaj nplaum skimming yog siv, i.e. nce tus nqi muag khoom ntawm cov khoom. Thaum cov kev suav muab cov txiaj ntsig ze heev los yog sib npaug rau ib qho, qhov no txhais tau hais tias tus neeg ua lag luam yuav tsum nrhiav lwm txoj hauv kev los nce cov nyiaj tau los. Manipulations nrog tus nqi nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no yuav tsis muaj dab tsi kiag li.
