Tag nrho cov khoom sib raug zoo: txhais, qauv, ntsuas, faib

Cov txheej txheem:

Tag nrho cov khoom sib raug zoo: txhais, qauv, ntsuas, faib
Tag nrho cov khoom sib raug zoo: txhais, qauv, ntsuas, faib

Video: Tag nrho cov khoom sib raug zoo: txhais, qauv, ntsuas, faib

Video: Tag nrho cov khoom sib raug zoo: txhais, qauv, ntsuas, faib
Video: Plab Plab Ntswg..(Pluav Pluav Ntswg) Maiv Twm New Song 2023-2024 2024, Kaum ib hlis
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Kev loj hlob ntawm kev noj zaub mov ua rau tib neeg xav tau cov khoom loj. Kev thov nce ntxiv tsim cov khoom siv. Factories ua hauj lwm ib ncig ntawm lub moos kom tau raws li lub teb chaws thiab thoob ntiaj teb kev xav tau ntawm cov neeg coob coob ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Tsis muaj cov qauv tsim nyog txaus los ntsuas cov zis, xws li cov khoom lag luam hauv lub tebchaws. Cov kev muaj tiag niaj hnub xav tau kev qhia txog kev ntsuas thoob ntiaj teb ntxiv, xws li tag nrho cov khoom lag luam sib raug zoo.

kev faib tawm ntawm tag nrho cov khoom sib raug zoo
kev faib tawm ntawm tag nrho cov khoom sib raug zoo

Tus nqi qhia txog qhov ntim ntawm cov khoom tsim tawm hauv zej zog ntawm thoob ntiaj teb. Lub tswv yim ntawm cov khoom lag luam tso cai rau koj los ntsuas qhov kev txav ntawm peev, kev ua haujlwm thiab qhov ntim ntawm cov khoom tsim khoom.

Definition

Tag nrho ntawm tag nrho cov khoom thiab cov kev pabcuam uas tsim los ntawm tib neeg lub sijhawm tshaj tawm yog tag nrho cov khoom siv sib raug zoo (SOP). Qhov taw qhia yog dav dav thiab tsis kho rau hom khoom(cov khoom, kev pabcuam). Txhua yam khoom siv los yog khoom siv tsis tau tsim los ntawm tib neeg raug coj mus rau hauv tus account: xab npum, kev pabcuam raug cai, nplej, tu, ntaub, tsheb, thiab lwm yam.

Xaiv cov SOP, cov neeg siv khoom xav tau tsis yog coj, uas yog, cov khoom (cov kev pabcuam) siv los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom kawg yuav tsum tsis txhob suav rau, tab sis cov khoom tsim tawm, txawm tias cov khoom muag mus txog qhov kawg. neeg siv los tsis tau.

Thaum suav SOP, cov kev pabcuam pub dawb tsis suav nrog. Tsuas yog them nyiaj analogues tsim nyog rau lub hom phiaj SOP.

SOP structure

tag nrho social product formula
tag nrho social product formula

Cov qauv ntawm tag nrho cov khoom siv sib raug zoo tau muab faib ua cov nqi thiab cov ntawv tiag (natural).

Lub ntuj, lossis tiag, qauv suav nrog tag nrho cov ntim ntawm cov kev pabcuam noj, cov khoom tsim tawm, thiab kev tsim khoom:

  1. Cov khoom lag luam tsim khoom yog txhua yam khoom tsim los ntawm cov tuam txhab lag luam thiab muaj cov khoom siv (khoom siv) daim ntawv. Yooj yim muab, nws yog ib yam khoom uas yog npaj rau tib neeg noj nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub.
  2. Kev tsim khoom yog cov khoom siv thiab cov cuab yeej siv los ua cov khoom. Piv txwv li, lub tsev cib yog cov khoom siv los tsim cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev, uas yog, kev siv rau cov khoom kawg, qhov no, lub tsev.
kev tsim tawm ntawm tag nrho cov khoom siv sib raug zoo
kev tsim tawm ntawm tag nrho cov khoom siv sib raug zoo

Qee zaum, ib yam khoom tuaj yeem yog ob qho khoom tsim khoom thiab kev tsim khoom tib lub sijhawm. Txiv lws suavnws tus kheej yog cov khoom tsim ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb thiab tuaj yeem muag rau tus neeg yuav khoom zaum kawg. Yog hais tias tib lub txiv lws suav yog siv rau kev tsim cov txiv lws suav muab tshuaj txhuam, ces nws dhau los ua ib qho kev noj. Tam sim no hais txog cov khoom siv tsis pom kev.

Cov kev pabcuam neeg siv khoom yog txhua yam khoom siv tsis tau siv hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom. Cov no suav nrog cov nqi kho cov khoom siv, cov nyiaj them rau cov neeg ua haujlwm koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem, thiab ntau dua.

Daim ntawv tus nqi ntawm tag nrho cov khoom siv hauv zej zog yog kev qhia nyiaj txiag ntawm cov khoom tsim. Nws suav nrog:

  • tus nqi hloov pauv yog cov lej ntawm cov khoom siv siv. Nws yog sib npaug rau tus nqi depreciation ntawm kev tsim khoom;
  • tus nqi tshiab - nyiaj siv los ua kom tau raws li cov neeg ua haujlwm xav tau koom nrog hauv kev tsim khoom. Ntxiv rau cov nyiaj siv rau kev txhim kho thiab nthuav dav ntawm kev tsim khoom.

Functions

Tag nrho cov khoom lag luam sib raug zoo yog lub hom phiaj kawg ntawm kev tsim khoom, tsis hais txog kev siv nyiaj txiag. SOP ua haujlwm tau muab faib ua cov nyiaj them rov qab thiab cov nyiaj tau los hauv lub tebchaws:

tag nrho cov khoom siv social
tag nrho cov khoom siv social

Cov nyiaj them nyiaj yog ib feem ntawm cov khoom lag luam tag nrho, tsim los kho cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv hauv ntuj tsim (cov khoom siv) daim ntawv

Cov haujlwm ntawm cov nyiaj them poob haujlwm yog raws li hauv qab no:

  • tsim tib cov nyiaj xav tau loskev tsim khoom ntawm lwm yam kev tsim khoom (piv txwv li, cov cuab yeej siv tshuab rau cov tshuab tsim tshuab);
  • tsim cov txhais tau tias tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov khoom siv (piv txwv li, khoom siv rau kev lag luam textile lossis khoom noj khoom haus).

2. Cov nyiaj tau los hauv tebchaws yog ib feem ntawm SOP, uas yog tag nrho ntawm tag nrho cov kev pabcuam thiab cov khoom tsim tawm thaum lub sijhawm tshaj tawm hauv cov ntsiab lus nyiaj txiag. Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog lub peev xwm los nthuav qhia SOP hauv daim ntawv nyiaj. Qhov no tso cai rau tsoomfwv cov koom haum ua tiav txoj haujlwm ntawm kev faib lub tebchaws cov nyiaj tau los.

Kev tsim tawm ntawm SOPs

Kev tsim tawm ntawm tag nrho cov khoom lag luam hauv zej zog tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsim khoom ntawm cov neeg siv khoom thiab khoom kim heev. Muaj ob hom kev luam tawm: yooj yim thiab txuas ntxiv.

Thawj yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm cov txheej txheem txuas ntxiv ntawm kev kho dua tshiab ntawm cov neeg siv khoom lag luam hauv tus nqi sib npaug ntawm cov khoom noj. Hauv daim ntawv txuas ntxiv, kev rov qab los ntawm cov khoom siv rau kev siv tau tshwm sim hauv qhov nce ntxiv.

tag nrho cov khoom sib raug zoo nws cov ntsuas
tag nrho cov khoom sib raug zoo nws cov ntsuas

Raws li kev tsim tawm ntawm cov nyiaj tau los hauv lub tebchaws, cov haujlwm hauv qab no tau muab:

  • rov pib ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ua haujlwm hauv kev tsim khoom;
  • rov tsim dua thiab tsim cov peev txheej, suav nrog kev pov hwm;
  • muab khoom thiab txhim kho qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom tsis yog khoom.

Kev ua haujlwm ntawm SOP yog qhov kawg los tsim kev nthuav dav ntxiv, vim tias lub tebchaws muaj nyiaj txiag ntawm txhua lub tebchaws tau tsim.

Formula rau xam SOP los ntawm K. Marx

SOP Karl Marx cov mis
SOP Karl Marx cov mis

Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los suav tag nrho cov khoom lag luam sib raug zoo. Karl Marx yog thawj tus tsim SOP:

SOP =R + PS + G qhov twg:

P - cov nqi ntawm cov khoom siv (txhais tau tias kev tsim khoom thiab cov khoom muag).

PS - tus nqi tshaj tawm (raws li K. Marx: tus nqi tsim los ntawm tus nqi tsis them nyiaj ntawm tus neeg ua haujlwm, tshaj tus nqi ntawm nws lub zog ua haujlwm).

З - nqi zog.

Formula rau cov nyiaj

Tus nqi ntawm SOP tuaj yeem pom los ntawm kev ntxiv tus nqi ntawm txhua yam khoom. Yog li cov qauv rau tag nrho cov khoom lag luam tuaj yeem sawv cev raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm pej xeem cov nyiaj hauv cov ntsiab lus nyiaj txiag:

SOP=SPV + SFP + (SFN), qhov twg:

SFV - tus nqi ntawm cov nyiaj tsim tawm.

SFP yog tus nqi ntawm kev siv nyiaj.

SNP - tus nqi ntawm cov nyiaj khaws cia. Txij li cov nyiaj no tsuas yog tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm kev nthuav dav ntawm SOP, tom qab ntawd nrog ib daim ntawv yooj yim ntawm kev tsim tawm, tom kawg yuav sib npaug rau cov lej ntawm PV thiab FP.

Cov nyiaj tau txais txiaj ntsig thiab cov peev nyiaj sib koom ua ke yog cov khoom lag luam sib raug zoo.

Western style

Yog ib qho kev hloov kho ntawm K. Marx. Qhov kom zoo dua yog nws cov ntsiab lus, uas tso cai rau koj los ua kom pom tseeb dua:

SOP=AI + PHI + D + CI

AI - tus nqi siv, CI - tus nqi nce ntxiv, FI - tus nqi tsim khoom, D - tag nrho cov nyiaj tau los ntawm cov neeg ua lag luam.

Indicators

Vim SOP yoggeneralizing tus nqi, nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, nws tus kheej indicators, As feem ntau siv. Tag nrho cov khoom lag luam muaj xws li:

  • Cov khoom lag luam thoob ntiaj teb - tus nqi qhia ntawm SOP. Nws yog qhov suav ntawm cov nqi ntawm tag nrho cov khoom tsim tawm thiab cov nqi cuam tshuam nrog lawv cov khoom (cov khoom siv raw, cov khoom siv).
  • Gross domestic product - tag nrho cov nqi ntawm cov khoom thiab cov kev pab cuam uas tsim nyob rau hauv txhua lub teb chaws. Qhia txog tus nqi tag nrho ntawm cov kev pabcuam zaum kawg thiab cov khoom lag luam.
  • Cov khoom lag luam thoob tebchaws qhia tag nrho tus nqi ntawm cov khoom kawg, tab sis tsis zoo li GDP, tag nrho cov khoom raug suav nrog, txawm tias sab nraud.
  • Cov khoom lag luam kawg yog txhua yam khoom uas tus neeg siv khoom kawg tau txais los siv, tsis muag.

Kev faib tawm

qauv ntawm tag nrho cov khoom siv social
qauv ntawm tag nrho cov khoom siv social

Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev faib khoom ntawm tag nrho cov khoom sib raug zoo yog pom tau los ntawm kev sib pauv khoom lag luam tas li. Kev faib tawm yog qhov sib txuas ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab muag khoom. Cov txheej txheem no suav tias yog kev txiav txim siab hauv kev txhim kho kev sib raug zoo-kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam hauv qab. Los ntawm qhov pom ntawm tib neeg, txhua yam khoom yuav tsum tau muab faib sib npaug, tab sis qhov tseeb txhua yam hloov tawm txawv. Vim qhov muaj nuj nqis tshaj thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm kev txhim kho kev lag luam ntawm ib cheeb tsam, tag nrho cov khoom raug faib raws li kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm cheeb tsam tshwj xeeb no.

National we alth, reproduction and distribution is interconnected by common principle. Tag nrho cov ntsuas nocuam tshuam ib leeg sib npaug. Lub teb chaws muaj nyiaj ntau dua, qhov loj ntawm cov khoom lag luam ntau dua thiab siab dua qhov kev txaus siab ntawm cov kev xav tau ntawm cov pej xeem, ntau dua cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov khoom.

Thiab rov qab, qhov ntau dua cov khoom siv sib raug zoo thiab kev nrawm ntawm nws cov kev tsim tawm, qhov kev loj hlob sai ntawm lub teb chaws kev nplua nuj thiab cov khoom raug faib rau cov neeg siv khoom kawg.

Pom zoo: