Kev tshawb pom archaeological zoo: piav qhia, keeb kwm thiab qhov tseeb nthuav

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:51

Tib neeg ib txwm xav txog lawv cov yawg koob nyob deb yog leej twg, uas nyob ntau txhiab xyoo dhau los. Cov kev vam meej loj uas tau ploj mus tas mus li tau tso tseg ntau qhov tsis meej uas ua rau cov kws tshawb fawb zoo siab. Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm cov hnub dhau los, pom los ntawm archaeologists, nqa daim ntaub thaiv ntau yam tsis meej txog keeb kwm ntawm noob neej. Cia peb sim los tshuaj xyuas qhov nthuav dav tshaj plaws ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb rau kev tshawb fawb.

Archaeological discoveries ntawm ib puas xyoo: ib tug tshwj xeeb pom nyob rau hauv qab ntawm Issyk-Kul

Ib qho ntawm cov suab nrov tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb ntawm archaeology yog qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm qhov tsis paub txog kev vam meej nyob hauv qab ntawm Lake Issyk-Kul, uas nws muaj hnub nyoog, raws li qhov kev xav tsis zoo, yog li 2.5 txhiab xyoo. Ancient kev thaj yeeb ntawm cov neeg thaum ub, thaj av faus neeg, petroglyphs, chaw nyob thiab cov khoom muaj nqis tau pom nyob ze ntawm Kyrgyz reservoir. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm thaj chaw tau qhia tias qhov nthuav dav tshaj plaws yuav muab zais rau hauv dej, thiab lawvkev tshawb xav tau lees paub.

Kev tshawb pom Archaeological ua rau hauv qab ntawm lub pas dej ua rau lub ntiaj teb kev tshawb fawb xav tsis thoob: nws tau pom tias tsis yog pawg neeg nomadic nyob ze ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Issyk-Kul, tab sis muaj kev vam meej kev vam meej. Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb piav qhia, pawg haiv neeg tau hloov pauv ntawm thaj chaw txhua ob puas xyoo, thiab lub pas dej tau suav tias yog lub txaj ntawm kev vam meej thaum ub.

tshawb nrhiav hauv qab dej

Scuba divers tau pom ib phab ntsa ntev tshaj li ib mais hauv dej, thiab ntseeg tau tias tsib lub nroog loj uas muaj xuab zeb thiab av nyob hauv qab dej. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsim daim ntawv qhia txog kev nyab xeeb, tab sis nws tseem nyuaj rau kev txheeb xyuas thaj chaw kom raug. Kev tshawb pom Archaeological ua rau nws muaj peev xwm los txiav txim siab txog qib siab ntawm kev coj noj coj ua thiab thev naus laus zis ntawm kev vam meej uas twb muaj lawm.

Barrows zoo ib yam li cov uas Scythians raug faus tau pom nyob rau hauv qab, nrog rau kev cob qhia ore ntau lawm, nws tus kheej-sharpening daggers, thiab ib tug golden hexagonal khoom zoo li cov duab ntawm thawj ancient Lavxias teb sab rubles.

Kev vam meej heev

Kev tshawb pom archaeological xav tau ntxiv cov phiaj xwm tshiab rau tib neeg keeb kwm, thiab qee cov khoom qub tau ua rau cov kws tshawb fawb xav paub tiag tiag. Nyob rau hauv qab, ib tug bronze cauldron nrog soldered leeg tau pom, cov txheej txheem tsim uas tsis paub. Xav txog tias cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis ntawm kev ua hlau tau tshwm sim tsis ntev los no, nws tsis paub meej tias nws muaj peev xwm ua tiav qhov zoo ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm txhua qhov chaw ntawm ntau tshaj ob txhiab.xyoo dhau los.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias keeb kwm ntawm archaeological discoveries nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub pas dej Kyrgyz yog npog heev qhia. Cov kws tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv mus kawm cov kev cai dab qhuas hauv qab dej, cov tsev tsim tawm thiab cov tsev nyob. Tab sis tam sim no peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias ib zaug hauv thaj av Issyk-Kul tau muaj kev tsim kev vam meej uas ua ke nrog cov qauv kev ua liaj ua teb sedentary thiab nomadic. Thiab tsis muaj nyob, feem ntau yuav, tom qab qhov nce ntawm qib dej, ua rau cov kws tshawb fawb muaj ntau yam tsis meej.

Rosetta Pob zeb

Thaum nws los txog rau qhov kev tshawb pom archaeological zoo, ib tus tsis tuaj yeem hais txog cov khoom qub uas pom hauv tebchaws Iziv thaum kawg ntawm xyoo pua 18th. Rosetta Pob zeb, muaj npe tom qab lub nroog ze uas nws tau pom, yog ua los ntawm pob zeb. Nws yog slab nrog cov ntawv sau rau ntawm nws. Ob tug ntawm lawv yog sau nyob rau hauv ancient Egyptian, thiab ib tug yog nyob rau hauv ancient Greek. Cov ntawv tshiab kawg, tau txiav txim siab sai sai los ntawm cov kws paub lus Askiv, yog ib tsab ntawv tshaj tawm rov qab mus rau 196 BC, ua kev zoo siab rau txhua qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm King Ptolemy.

Tab sis ua ntej lub ntsej muag ntawm lub phaj, cov kws tshawb fawb yav dhau los tsis tau ntsib cov lus Iyiv, thiab ntau tus kws tshaj lij tau koom nrog nws cov kev txiav txim siab ib zaug. Nws muab tawm tias ob daim ntawv sau rau ntawm lub pob zeb, sau nyob rau hauv hieroglyphs thiab cursive, muaj cov ntawv tib yam li thawj ntu.

Qhov kev daws teeb meem ntawm cov lus Egyptian thaum ub ntawm Rosetta Pob Zeb, hnyav dua li ib tuj, yog qhov muaj zog heev hauv kev txiav txim siab cov lus uas tau ua nyob rau thaum ub. Archaeological discoveries XIXNtau pua xyoo tau muab tus yuam sij rau kev kawm txog kev sau ntawv thaum ub, thiab tus kws tshawb fawb Fab Kis Champol txawm tau sau phau ntawv txhais lus ntawm cov lus Egyptian thaum ub, cov lus zais uas ploj lawm ntau pua xyoo dhau los.

Kev paub dab tsi ua rau cov pyramids Egyptian coj mus rau tib neeg?

Egyptian pyramids yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws architectural monuments ntawm feem ntau mysterious civilization ntawm antiquity. Cov kws tshawb fawb kawm cov khoom ntiag tug tshwj xeeb yog paub tseeb tias kev paub zais cia tau muab zais rau hauv cov qauv uas yuav pab nthuav tawm lub ntsiab lus zais ntawm noob neej. Raws li lub official version, lub mysterious pyramids, uas tsa ntau lo lus nug, tau tsim los ntawm tib neeg. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau tus kws tshawb fawb tau tawm tsam qhov kev xav no, sib cav tias cov neeg tsis paub ntawv yuav tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov qauv zoo nkauj raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm qhov sib piv golden. Cov khoom loj li cas thiaj li tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib qho kev vam meej thaum ub uas tsis tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm kev loj hlob ntau tshaj plaub txhiab xyoo dhau los?

Cov kws tshawb fawb tau los txog qhov txawv txav uas cov neeg Iyiv yeej tsis tau tsim cov pyramids zoo, tab sis tsuas yog coj kom zoo dua ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm cov poj koob yawm txwv tsis paub nrog cov txuj ci tshwj xeeb. Thiab lub tswv yim tsim ntawm cov qauv loj uas yuav tsum tau ua kom lub cim xeeb ntawm cov thawj coj - cov vaj ntxwv, tau lees paub tias yog yuam kev.

Cov qauv loj loj tsim los ntawm kev tsis paub ua ntej kev ua neej nyob

Archeological discoveries ntawm Ancient tim lyiv teb chaws tau dhau los ua pov thawj irrefutable tias cov pyramids tshwm sim ntxov dua li kev vam meej muaj zog. Ntawm ib qho ntawm cov steles, archaeologistspom cov ntawv sau txawv txawv uas muaj qhov kev txiav txim ntawm Cheops los kho tus pej thuam Sphinx, uas raug puas los ntawm nag hnyav.

Thaum cov kws tshawb fawb paub tias tsis muaj nag lossis daus poob hauv tebchaws Iziv rau yim txhiab xyoo, tsoomfwv hauv nroog tau xaj kom cov stela hloov mus rau hauv tsev cia puav pheej lub tsev khaws khoom, thiab tus pej thuam ntawm tis nrog tus tsov ntxhuav lub cev tau rov qab sai sai.

Cov kws tshaj lij tau txiav txim siab cov ntawv hieroglyphs sau los ntawm tus kws sau keeb kwm Manetho, uas tau qhia kom sau keeb kwm ntawm lub xeev zoo. Hauv nws, nws tau piav qhia meej tias ntau dua 10 txhiab xyoo dhau los, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw Ancient tim lyiv teb chaws nyob, cov vajtswv loj nyob. Thiab cov kws tshawb fawb niaj hnub nco txog qhov mythical Atlantis - qhov kev vam meej tshaj plaws ntawm noob neej.

Tom qab kawm txog lub pyramid ntawm Cheops, nws tau pom tias nws tau taw qhia meej rau plaub lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, thiab tseem tsis tau muaj qhov tseeb zoo li no tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav txawm nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub tsis muaj cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb.

Lub hom phiaj ntawm lub pyramid yog dab tsi?

Mysterious architectural monuments tsis yog lub qhov ntxa ntawm vaj ntxwv xwb. Egyptologists, uas nrhiav tau tawm lub hom phiaj ntawm lub pyramids, lees paub lawv raws li ib tug ancient daim ntawv qhia hnub, raws li lawv xam qhov ntev ntawm lub xyoo. Lawv yog ib tug zoo meej astronomical compass thiab ib tug raug geodetic ntsuas - ib tug theodolite, uas ua hauj lwm rau topographic kev tshawb fawb. Cov kev tsim, tsim los ntawm qee qhov kev txawj ntse siab dua, yog qhov chaw khaws cia ntawm cov txheej txheem qub ntawm qhov hnyav thiab ntsuas, nrog rau cov qauv ntawm lub hemisphere txuam nrog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm longitude thiab latitude.

Tseem ceeb archaeological discoveriesTim lyiv teb chaws tau ceeb toom los ntawm lub ntiaj teb kev tshawb fawb, uas pom tias nws nyuaj rau paub txog lub neej ntawm pra-civilization uas muaj cov thev naus laus zis tshaj plaws thiab muaj peev xwm siab tshaj plaws. Yog li, archaeologists tuaj rau cov kev xav dav dav tias cov neeg nyob hauv lub xeev thaum ub tsis tau tsim cov pyramids, tab sis tsuas yog rov qab los.

Discoveries ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb

Nws ntseeg tau tias kev vam meej tshaj plaws tau tshwm sim hauv Mesopotamia - thaj av sib txuam nrog thaj chaw ntawm niaj hnub Iraq. Herodotus tau sau txog lub tebchaws, thiab tom qab ntawd phau Vajlugkub nrog cov dab neeg hais txog lub Vaj Edees thiab Ntauwd ntawm Npanpiloo ua rau muaj kev txaus siab rau thaj av Middle East.

Lavxias cov kws tshawb fawb uas tau ua qhov kev tshawb pom archaeological zoo siab hauv Mesopotamia tau txais lub Xeev Nqi Zog ntawm Russia hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis. Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias txoj kev kawm ntawm cov monuments tseem ceeb ntawm Mesopotamia pib nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, thaum Fabkis thiab Askiv archaeologists nrhiav tau tag nrho lub ntiaj teb no lub luxurious palaces ntawm lub lig Assyrian lub nceeg vaj nrog tshwj xeeb bas-reliefs depicting scenes ntawm yos hav zoov, kev sib ntaus sib tua, thiab cult kev ua..

Tom qab ntawd, cov kws tshaj lij tau nthuav tawm cov txheej txheem yav dhau los ntawm keeb kwm, uas cuam tshuam nrog Sumerian kev vam meej, uas tau tshwm sim nrog tag nrho cov cim ntawm kev coj noj coj ua.

Excavations ntawm lub tuam tsev complex

Cov kws tshaj lij Lavxias tau ua haujlwm hauv lub tsev teev ntuj thaum ub - Qhia Khazna. Cov menyuam yaus faus rau hauv lub nkoj hauv av, ib lub necropolis loj heev uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau xyoo pua 4 BC, granaries thiab cov tsev teev ntuj tau pom. Lub ancient monument muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb cim, yog li ntawdcas tsis muaj vaj tse nyob ntawm no.

Qhov kev tshawb pom archaeological tshiab ua tim khawv tias qhov no yog lub tuam tsev complex. Piv txwv li, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshawb pom cov tsev uas muaj tshauv, nyob rau hauv qab ntawm qhov chaw so ntawm cov menyuam yaus qhov ntxa. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub chaw dawb huv ntawm ib lub tsev teev ntuj, tau pom ib lub rooj av nplaum rau kev txi.

Tom qab tshaj tawm txhua qhov kev tshawb pom, cov tswv yim hais txog lub luag haujlwm ntawm thaj av Syrian tau hloov pauv ntau. Yog hais tias yav dhau los nws tau hais tias yog ib lub xeev ntawm lub ntiaj teb ancient Eastern, tam sim no nws tau pom tseeb tias qhov no yog thaj chaw ntawm kev ua tiav kev coj noj coj ua, thiab peb cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm tau pab txhawb kev paub txog keeb kwm ntawm kev vam meej thaum ub.

Cov kws tshawb fawb koom nrog hauv kev kawm txog keeb kwm monuments tau qhia tias ua ntej peb muaj kev vam meej hauv ntiaj teb uas tau mus txog qib siab ntawm kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis. Dab tsi yog vim li cas lawv ploj mus, archaeologists pom nws nyuaj rau teb, thiab leej twg paub yuav ua li cas ntau centuries dhau mus txog rau thaum tib neeg tau txais cov lus teb rau ib lo lus nug zoo siab.