Kua pov tseg: hom thiab txoj hauv kev pov tseg

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:51

Nrog kev txhim kho ntawm kev vam meej, tib neeg pib "tsim" ntau thiab ntau pov tseg, uas twb dhau los ua ib feem ntawm lub neej. Cov txheej txheem tshiab ntawm kev pov tseg thiab nruab nrab ntawm cov pov tseg yog tsim los tas li, thiab nws cov txheej txheem thib ob tau ua tiav. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj cov khib nyiab zoo li no, kuj tseem muaj cov dej khib nyiab uas tsis poob rau hauv qeb ntawm cov khoom rov qab. Txoj kev tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshem tawm yog tshem tawm thiab rhuav tshem, faus.

Lawv zoo li cas?

Cov kua dej pov tseg tau muab faib ua ob hom: hauv tsev thiab kev lag luam, uas yog tsim los ntawm kev tsim khoom. Yog li ntawd, cov tsev neeg tshwm sim tom qab tib neeg kev ua ub no hauv lub neej txhua hnub, hauv tsev thiab cov tsev uas tsis muaj cov kav dej phwj tuaj. Yog tias cov khib nyiab no tsis raug tshem tawm, tab sis khaws cia ze ntawm lub tsev, ces nws yog qhov chaw yug me nyuam rau nas thiab kab mob kab mob.

Cov khoom siv ua kua uas muaj kev phom sij tshaj plaws. Feem ntau lawv ua rau muaj kev phom sij tsis yog rau ib puag ncig, tab sis kuj rau tib neeg. Nws twb tau raug tsim kom paub tseeb tias muaj ntau yam kab mob tshwm sim tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm qhov txaus ntshaiib puag ncig xwm txheej.

Cov kua hauv tsev pov tseg

Raws li kev faib tawm txhua-Lavxias teb sab, ZhBO raug xa mus rau chav kawm IV ntawm kev phom sij, hauv lwm lo lus, lawv muaj kev phom sij tsawg. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tseem muaj tshuaj lom, yog li lawv raug xa tawm mus tas li thiab tshuaj tua kab mob. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov chaw uas tib neeg nyob, cov pov tseg yuav tsum tau khaws cia rau hauv ib qho kev txwv thiab rau lub sijhawm txwv. Cov dej khib nyiab no suav nrog cov dej phwj tuaj thiab cov dej khib nyiab hauv chav dej, cov quav quav, dej khib nyiab los ntawm cov tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws thiab tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws. Lawv tsim nyob qhov twg tsis muaj cov kav dej hauv nruab nrab. Cov dej khib nyiab hauv nroog kuj raug xa mus rau hom no, thiab lawv cov pov tseg raug suav tias yog kev siv dej pov tseg.

Kev thauj mus los yog nqa los ntawm cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb - cov kav dej phwj tuaj. Nws raug tso cai faus cov khoom pov tseg hauv cov chaw pov tseg tshwj xeeb thiab cov av tom qab cov txheej txheem ntxuav.

txoj kev pov tseg yooj yim

Lub ntsiab lus tshuaj lom tshaj plaws hauv LRW yog cov av khib nyiab, uas yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg, vim tias nws yog qhov txaus ntshai heev yog tias nws nkag mus rau hauv hiav txwv thiab dej hiav txwv. Tom qab qee lub sijhawm, tshuaj lom neeg tshwm sim hauv cov sludge, uas ua rau pom cov methane, sulfur dioxide, ammonia thiab cov kab mob hauv cov khib nyiab.

Txoj kev kho cov dej khib nyiab yog hu ua cov dej phwj tuaj, nws tau ua nrog kev pab ntawm cov chaw kho mob. Thaum lub sij hawm ua cov pov tseg, nws cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ua rau muaj kev nyab xeeb.

Txoj kev ntxuav:

• Mechanical. Hais txog txoj kev tu thawj. Tom qabTom qab cov kua dej pov tseg thiab lawv tau txais mus rau qhov chaw kho mob, lawv raug ntxuav ntawm cov khib nyiab loj. Tom qab ntawd cov pov tseg nkag mus rau hauv lub sump, qhov twg cov rog thiab cov mucus muaj nyob rau hauv lawv tau muab cais. Heavy sedimentary pob zeb yog sau los ntawm hauv qab nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb scraper. Nws yog los ntawm cov pov tseg sedimentary uas biogas tuaj yeem tsim tau.
• Biological. Tom qab kev kho tshuab, cov dej nkag mus rau hauv lub twj tso kua mis, qhov twg nws yog kho nrog activated sludge. Tom qab ntawd, cov pov tseg mus rau lwm lub tank, qhov chaw uas lawv twb tau ntxuav ntawm sludge. Cov theem kawg yog qhov saturation ntawm purified dej nrog oxygen thiab lawv cov khoom rau "nyob" reservoirs.

Kev xaiv rov ua dua tshiab

Hnub no, rau cov tsev ntiag tug uas tsis muaj cov kav dej hauv nruab nrab, muaj kev xaiv los txo cov kev hu xov tooj ntawm lub tsheb lim dej kom tsawg.

Tam sim no ntawm koj qhov chaw koj tuaj yeem nruab tsis yog tus qauv cesspool, tab sis lub kav dej septic. Qhov no yog lub tank peb-chamber uas cov khib nyiab tau ntxuav nrog cov kab mob tshwj xeeb. Ntawm nws cov tub ntxhais, nws ua haujlwm tib yam li cov chaw kho dej khib nyiab, tsuas yog nws me dua.

Cov khoom pov tseg

Nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm kev tsim khoom, ntau cov khoom thiab cov kua khib nyiab yog tsim tawm. Cov qeb kawg suav nrog cov khoom siv roj, emulsions, rog, roj nplua nyeem thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, lwm yam.

Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yog them rau kev pov tseg cov khoom pov tseg, vim nws ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau ib puag ncig thiab tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv.

Emulsion pov tseg

Cov khib nyiab no suav nrog cov roj nplua nyeem thiabcov khoom cua txias. Muaj peb txoj hauv kev rov ua dua tshiab:

• Reagent. Tom qab kev ua kom huv ua ntej los ntawm cov khoom siv hauv paus, cov emulsions yog decomposed siv reagents: ntxhia alkalis, fooculants thiab lwm yam.
• Sorption. Cov txheej txheem tso cai pheej yig thiab sai li sai tau los cais cov khib nyiab rau hauv cov roj thiab dej. Cov hmoov hydrophobic siv nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no tuaj yeem rov siv dua.
• Thermal evaporation. Cov txheej txheem suav nrog kev tsim cov dej vapor nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua, uas tom qab ntawd tuaj yeem siv los tsim txhua yam tib lub lubricants thiab cov khoom cua txias.

Cov khoom uas nyob tom qab pov tseg (roj) yog siv los tsim roj rau boilers.

Kev siv cov khoom siv roj av

Cov khib nyiab no yog thawj zaug ntawm kev ntxuav cov dej thiab lwm yam impurities kom cov khoom siv rov qab siv dua yav tom ntej. Cov khib nyiab uas tsis tuaj yeem rov ua dua tshiab (sludge) raug kho thermally - hlawv hauv qhov cub thiab tau txais thermal zog siv hauv kev lag luam.

Kev siv cov kua pov tseg los ntawm kev lag luam roj refining tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog kev pab ntawm chemistry. Magnesium oxide, stearic acid thiab lwm yam tuaj yeem siv tau. Tom qab ua tiav, cov hmoov tau txais, uas yog siv rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm txoj kev thiab ntau qhov chaw nyob.

Kev siv cov rog

Cov pov tseg zoo li no tshwm sim hauv cov lag luam zaub mov, lawv tsis tuaj yeem ua taudej ntws tawm, raws li lawv ua rau txhaws ntawm cov kav dej. Ntawm cov chaw lag luam khoom noj khoom haus, nws tau npaj los txhim kho cov roj twj tso kua mis, uas yuav tsum tau ntxuav cov dej khib nyiab. Cov khoom uas muaj roj yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg, thiab qhov zoo tshaj plaws no yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm kev kho mob lom uas tsis ua rau ib puag ncig. Tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov txheej txheem tshuaj uas ua rau degreasing nrog tshuaj, caustic lossis soda tshauv tuaj yeem siv.

Tom qab ua tiav, cov khoom seem tsim nyog siv rau hauv chav boiler rau cua sov lossis pov tseg raws li cov khoom pov tseg hauv tsev.

pov tseg cov kua roj vanish thiab xim

Cov khib nyiab no feem ntau raug rhuav tshem los ntawm kev siv hluav taws kub kub. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab ntawd, tseem muaj lub thawv uas tsis tuaj yeem ntxuav cov xim thiab cov kua roj vanish residues.

Cov txheej txheem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua suav nrog kev ua cov khoom pov tseg nrog cov adsorbents thiab lawv siv ntxiv rau kev tsim cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Ua tsaug rau cov ntaub ntawv pov tseg rau kev tsim kho tau txais cov khoom elastic thiab lub zog. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txheej txheem tso cai rau tsis ua txhaum ib puag ncig cov qauv, ib yam li cov ntaub ntawv pov tseg incineration.

Kua radioactive pov tseg

Qhov no yog cov pov tseg uas tsim kev puas tsuaj ntau tshaj plaws rau tib neeg thiab ib puag ncig. Lawv raug tsim los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob thiab lwm qhov chaw ua haujlwm. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom tsis txhob muaj cov khoom pov tseg ntawm cov khoom pov tseg ua ntej ua cov txheej txheem pov tseg.

Hnub no, txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plawsyog evaporation. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, cov pov tseg yog decomposed ua ob yam:

• xov tooj cua heev;
• safe.

Tom qab kev sib cais pov tseg, cov khoom seem raug hlawv, thiab cov tshauv tau muab khaws cia rau hauv qhov chaw tshwj xeeb.

Muaj ntau qhov chaw pov tseg hauv av uas cov khib nyiab khaws cia rau hauv cov thawv tshwj xeeb, cov khoom uas tsis tso cai rau hluav taws xob hla mus. Kev khaws cia yog nqa mus txog thaum cov khib nyiab tag nrho decomposed.

RW pov tseg

Nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no, tseem tsis tau muaj cov txheej txheem uas yuav tshem tawm cov khib nyiab radioactive kiag li. Cov txheej txheem rov ua dua tsuas muaj nyob hauv nruab nrab, ib nrab lossis ua tiav. Qhov ntawd yog, cov khib nyiab raug coj mus rau hauv lub xeev uas yuav muaj cov khib nyiab tsis tu ncua.

Vim li ntawd, cov dej khib nyiab los ntawm kev lag luam hluav taws xob yog qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws, ua paug dej thiab av.

Ntau piv txwv

Cov kua dej pov tseg kuj suav nrog cov pa phem uas nkag mus rau hauv dej los ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb. Lawv kuj suav nrog cua daj cua dub ntws. Cov pa phem tshaj plaws yog pom thaum dej nyab, thaum cov ntxhia thiab cov organic, lwm yam khoom siv hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev cog qoob loo nkag mus rau hauv dej.

Kev ruaj khov ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj thauj khoom thauj khoom tsis yog tsuas yog ua rau kev txhim kho hauv kev lag luam hauv lub tebchaws, tab sis kuj ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau ib puag ncig. Feem ntau cov nkoj, ua lag luam thiab tub rog, tsis uatau kaw cov txheej txheem khaws cov roj thiab cov khoom pov tseg hauv tsev, yog li cov khib nyiab loj heev, uas tsis tau ntxuav tag nrho, tau ncaj qha mus rau hauv dej. Lawm, cov no tsis yog kawg piv txwv ntawm ib puag ncig muaj kuab paug los ntawm cov kua pov tseg.

Tib lub sijhawm, ib tus yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab txog tib neeg yam, kev huv ntawm peb lub ntiaj teb nyob ntawm tus cwj pwm ntawm txhua tus neeg. Koj tsis tuaj yeem ua neej raws li txoj cai "thiab tom qab kuv txawm tias dej nyab."