Radioactive pov tseg. Kev pov tseg ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob

Cov txheej txheem:

Radioactive pov tseg. Kev pov tseg ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob
Radioactive pov tseg. Kev pov tseg ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob

Video: Radioactive pov tseg. Kev pov tseg ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob

Video: Radioactive pov tseg. Kev pov tseg ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob
Video: TOP WORLD NEWS💥UN MUS KRAINE 🔴RUSSIA_CHINA XYAUM TUB ROG👉MAB QUS TSEEM MUAJ 08/29/2022 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Radioactive pov tseg tau dhau los ua teeb meem hnyav heev ntawm peb lub sijhawm. Yog tias thaum kaj ntug ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam hluav taws xob nuclear, ob peb tus neeg xav txog qhov yuav tsum tau khaws cov khoom siv, tam sim no txoj haujlwm no tau dhau los ua qhov ceev heev. Yog vim li cas txhua leej txhua tus thiaj txhawj xeeb?

Radioactivity

Qhov tshwm sim no tau tshawb pom los ntawm kev kawm txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm luminescence thiab X-rays. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, thaum muaj kev sim nrog uranium tebchaw, Fabkis tus kws tshawb fawb A. Becquerel nrhiav pom ib yam tsis paub txog hluav taws xob dhau los ntawm cov khoom opaque. Nws qhia nws qhov kev tshawb pom nrog Curies, uas tau kawm nws ze. Nws yog lub ntiaj teb nto moo Marie thiab Pierre uas nrhiav pom tias tag nrho cov uranium tebchaw, zoo li cov ntshiab uranium nws tus kheej, nrog rau thorium, polonium thiab radium, muaj cov khoom ntawm ntuj radioactivity. Lawv cov nyiaj pab no yeej muaj nqis heev.

Nws tom qab tau paub tias txhua yam tshuaj lom neeg, pib nrog bismuth, yog cov xov tooj cua hauv ib daim ntawv lossis lwm qhov. Cov kws tshawb fawb kuj tau xav txog yuav ua li cas cov txheej txheem ntawm kev puas tsuaj nuclear tuaj yeem siv los ua kom muaj zog, thiab muaj peev xwm pib thiab tsim nws cov khoom tsim tawm. Thiab rauntsuas theem ntawm hluav taws xob hluav taws xob dosimeter tau tsim.

radioactive pov tseg
radioactive pov tseg

Daim ntawv thov

Dhau li ntawm lub zog, xov tooj cua yog siv dav hauv lwm cov lag luam: tshuaj, kev lag luam, kev tshawb fawb thiab kev ua liaj ua teb. Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov cuab yeej no, lawv tau kawm kom tsis txhob kis cov kab mob qog noj ntshav, ua kom muaj kev kuaj mob ntau dua, tshawb pom lub hnub nyoog ntawm cov khoom muaj nqis archaeological, saib xyuas cov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom hauv ntau cov txheej txheem, thiab lwm yam. Cov npe ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ua tau zoo tas li. nthuav dav, yog li nws tseem ceeb heev uas qhov teeb meem ntawm kev pov tseg cov ntaub ntawv pov tseg tau dhau los ua mob hnyav tsuas yog nyob rau xyoo tsis ntev los no. Tab sis qhov no tsis yog cov khib nyiab uas tuaj yeem muab pov rau hauv qhov chaw pov tseg yooj yim xwb.

Radioactive pov tseg

Txhua cov ntaub ntawv muaj lub neej ntev. Qhov no tsis muaj kev zam rau cov khoom siv hauv nuclear zog. Cov zis tawm yog pov tseg uas tseem muaj hluav taws xob, tab sis tsis muaj txiaj ntsig siv tau ntxiv lawm. Raws li txoj cai, siv hluav taws xob nuclear, uas tuaj yeem rov ua dua lossis siv rau lwm qhov chaw, suav tias yog cais. Hauv qhov no, peb tab tom tham yooj yim txog cov pov tseg hluav taws xob (RW), kev siv ntxiv uas tsis tau muab, yog li, lawv yuav tsum muab pov tseg.

pov tseg cov khoom siv hluav taws xob
pov tseg cov khoom siv hluav taws xob

Cov peev txheej thiab daim ntawv

Vim muaj ntau yam kev siv rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom pov tseg tuaj yeem tuaj ntau yam hauv lub hauv paus thiab cov xwm txheej. Lawv yog cov khoom los yog kua los yoggaseous. Cov peev txheej kuj tuaj yeem sib txawv heev, txij li hauv ib daim ntawv lossis lwm yam pov tseg feem ntau tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm rho tawm thiab ua cov zaub mov, suav nrog roj thiab roj, kuj tseem muaj xws li kev kho mob thiab kev lag luam hluav taws xob pov tseg. Kuj tseem muaj tej yam ntuj tso. Raws li txoj cai, tag nrho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob no tau muab faib ua qis-, nruab nrab- thiab qib siab. Tebchaws Meskas kuj paub qhov txawv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob transuranic pov tseg.

Options

Tau ntev heev nws tau ntseeg tias kev pov tseg ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis tas yuav tsum muaj cov cai tshwj xeeb, nws txaus los cuam tshuam rau hauv ib puag ncig. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab ntawd nws tau tshawb pom tias cov isotopes zoo li khaws cia hauv qee lub cev, xws li cov ntaub so ntswg tsiaj. Qhov kev tshawb pom no tau hloov cov kev xav txog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, vim qhov no qhov tshwm sim ntawm lawv txoj kev txav mus los thiab nkag mus rau hauv tib neeg lub cev nrog zaub mov tau dhau los ua siab heev. Yog li ntawd, nws tau txiav txim siab los tsim qee qhov kev xaiv rau yuav ua li cas nrog cov khib nyiab no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau qeb siab.

hluav taws xob dosimeter
hluav taws xob dosimeter

Cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kev phom sij los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau li ntau tau los ntawm kev ua ntau txoj hauv kev los yog muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw nyab xeeb rau tib neeg.

  1. Vitrification. Hauv lwm txoj kev, cov cuab yeej no hu ua vitrification. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tau dhau los ntawm ntau theem ntawm kev ua haujlwm, raws li qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntseeg tau txais, uas tau muab tso rau hauv cov ntim tshwj xeeb. Tom qab ntawd cov thawv no raug xa mus rau qhov chaw cia.
  2. Synrock. Nws tseemib txoj hauv kev ntawm cov khoom pov tseg hluav taws xob tsis zoo tsim tawm hauv Australia. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib tug tshwj xeeb complex compound yog siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
  3. Ntxhis. Nyob rau theem no, kev tshawb fawb tseem tab tom nrhiav rau qhov chaw tsim nyog hauv lub ntiaj teb crust qhov twg cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem muab tso rau. Qhov kev cia siab tshaj plaws yog qhov project, raws li cov khoom siv tau xa rov qab mus rau uranium mines.
  4. Kev hloov pauv. Cov reactors twb tau tsim los uas tuaj yeem hloov cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau dhau los ua cov tshuaj tsis txaus ntshai. Ib txhij nrog kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm cov pov tseg, lawv muaj peev xwm tsim tau lub zog, yog li cov thev naus laus zis hauv cheeb tsam no suav tias yog qhov zoo heev.
  5. Tshem tawm mus rau qhov chaw sab nrauv. Txawm hais tias qhov kev nyiam ntawm lub tswv yim no, nws muaj ntau qhov tsis zoo. Ua ntej, txoj kev no yog kim heev. Qhov thib ob, muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tso tsheb sib tsoo, uas tuaj yeem yog kev puas tsuaj. Thaum kawg, qhov txhaws ntawm qhov chaw sab nrauv nrog cov khoom pov tseg tom qab ib ntus tuaj yeem dhau los ua teeb meem loj.

Txoj cai pov tseg thiab khaws cia

Nyob rau hauv Russia, kev tswj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob yog tswj hwm los ntawm tsoomfwv txoj cai lij choj thiab cov lus tawm tswv yim rau nws, nrog rau qee cov ntaub ntawv ntsig txog, xws li Txoj Cai Dej. Raws li Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Txoj Cai, tag nrho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau muab faus rau hauv qhov chaw sib cais feem ntau, thaum tsis pub muaj kuab paug hauv dej, xa mus rau qhov chaw kuj raug txwv.

radioactive pov tseg
radioactive pov tseg

Txhua pawg muaj nws tus kheej cov cai, ntxiv rau, cov txheej txheem rau kev faib cov khib nyiab liib daim ntawv lossis lwm qhov thiab tag nrho cov txheej txheem tsim nyog. Txawm li cas los xij, Russia muaj teeb meem ntau hauv cheeb tsam no. Ua ntej, kev pov tseg ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob pov tseg sai sai yuav dhau los ua txoj haujlwm tsis tseem ceeb, vim tias tsis muaj ntau cov chaw tshwj xeeb hauv lub tebchaws, thiab lawv yuav puv sai sai. Qhov thib ob, tsis muaj ib txoj hauv kev los tswj cov txheej txheem rov ua dua tshiab, uas ua rau nws nyuaj rau tswj.

International projects

Vim tias kev khaws cia ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau dhau los ua qhov ceev tshaj plaws tom qab kev sib tw caj npab, ntau lub teb chaws nyiam koom tes hauv qhov teeb meem no. Hmoov tsis zoo, tseem tsis tau muaj peev xwm ncav cuag qhov kev pom zoo hauv cheeb tsam no, tab sis kev sib tham ntawm ntau yam kev pab cuam hauv UN tseem txuas ntxiv mus. Qhov kev cog lus zoo tshaj plaws zoo li yuav tsim lub chaw khaws cia thoob ntiaj teb loj rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv cov chaw muaj neeg nyob tsawg, feem ntau hauv Russia lossis Australia. Txawm li cas los xij, cov pej xeem ntawm tom kawg tau tawm tsam tawm tsam qhov kev pib no.

khaws cia ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob
khaws cia ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob

Irradiation teebmeem

Yuav luag tam sim tom qab tshawb pom qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov xov tooj cua, nws tau pom tseeb tias nws cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau kev noj qab haus huv thiab lub neej ntawm tib neeg thiab lwm yam kab mob. Cov kev tshawb fawb uas Curies tau ua ntau xyoo dhau los nws thiaj li ua rau muaj kev mob hluav taws xob hnyav hauv Maria, txawm tias nws muaj hnub nyoog 66 xyoo.

Tus kab mob no yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm tib neeg raug hluav taws xob. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob no thiab nws qhov hnyav feem ntau yog nyob ntawm tag nrho cov koob tshuaj hluav taws xob tau txais. Lawv ua tauua ob qho tib si me me thiab ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv caj ces thiab kev hloov pauv, yog li cuam tshuam rau cov tiam tom ntej. Ib qho ntawm thawj qhov kev txom nyem yog kev ua haujlwm ntawm hematopoiesis, feem ntau cov neeg mob muaj qee hom mob qog noj ntshav. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, feem ntau, kev kho mob hloov mus ua tsis tau zoo thiab tsuas yog ua raws li kev saib xyuas aseptic thiab tshem tawm cov tsos mob.

radioactive pov tseg
radioactive pov tseg

Kev Tiv Thaiv

Tiv thaiv tus mob cuam tshuam nrog kev raug hluav taws xob yog qhov yooj yim heev - nws txaus kom tsis txhob nkag mus rau hauv thaj chaw nrog nws cov keeb kwm yav dhau. Hmoov tsis zoo, qhov no tsis yog ib txwm ua tau, vim tias ntau cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub koom nrog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv ib daim ntawv lossis lwm qhov. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis yog txhua tus neeg nqa lub dosimeter hluav taws xob portable nrog lawv kom paub tias lawv nyob hauv thaj chaw uas muaj qhov ntev ntev tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qee yam kev ntsuas los tiv thaiv thiab tiv thaiv hluav taws xob txaus ntshai, txawm tias tsis muaj ntau ntawm lawv.

Ua ntej, nws tiv thaiv. Yuav luag txhua tus neeg uas tuaj x-ray ib feem ntawm lub cev tau ntsib qhov no. Yog hais tias peb tab tom tham txog lub ncauj tsev menyuam qaum lossis pob txha taub hau, tus kws kho mob pom zoo kom muab ib lub apron tshwj xeeb, rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau lead yog sewn, uas tsis tso cai rau hluav taws xob hla mus. Qhov thib ob, koj tuaj yeem txhawb lub cev tiv thaiv los ntawm kev noj cov vitamins C, B 6 thiab R. Thaum kawg, muaj kev npaj tshwj xeeb - xov tooj cua tiv thaiv. Feem ntau lawv ua tau zoo heev.

Pom zoo: