Liab nceb: npe, duab thiab piav qhia. Boletus liab

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:50

Muaj cov neeg zoo nyob hauv hav zoov, tsim los ntawm xwm thiab ua rau muaj kev xyiv fab heev rau cov neeg nyiam "kev yos hav zoov ntsiag to". Cov no yog nceb. Thiab ib qho ntawm feem ntau thiab zoo tshaj plaws yog boletus.

Lub npe tseeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov nceb no yog liab aspen. Txawm hais tias nws muaj ntau lub npe pej xeem hauv zos, lub npe nrov tshaj plaws yog lub taub hau liab, lossis liab nceb. Lub npe no yog vim nws lub ntsiab feature - peculiar coloring ntawm lub kaus mom. Los ntawm txoj kev, ntau tus neeg tsis paub lub boletus, txawm hais tias cov kab mob no muaj qee yam cim qhia uas tsis tso cai rau nws tsis meej pem nrog ntau tus neeg sawv cev ntawm lub nceeg vaj cog.

Los ntawm kab lus no koj tuaj yeem paub tias lub npe nceb nrog lub hau liab yog dab tsi, cov cim thiab nta nws muaj, qhov twg thiab thaum twg nws loj hlob.

Qee qhov tseeb txog nceb

Cov lus xav paub txog nceb yog raws li tib neeg kev paub txog tsuas yog ib feem kaum ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv hav zoov zoo nkauj no:

• Ntawm qhov nruab nrab, txhua tus nceb yog kwv yees li 90% dej.
• Muaj ntau yam ya. Cov no yog cov kab mob microscopic, uas suav nrog, piv txwv li, pwm, uas tshwm sim hauv txoj kev yooj yim txawm tias ntawm cov khoom.
• Mycelium loj hlob ntawm qhov nrawm tsawg kawg 10 centimeters hauv 1 xyoos xwb.
• Tsuas yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm daj ntseg grebe muaj tshuaj lom txaus rau 4 tus neeg.
• Muaj pov thawj tias cov nceb loj hlob zoo hauv thaj chaw ntawm lub qub Chernobyl nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag, txawm tias muaj hluav taws xob siab.

Thiab tam sim no cia peb saib ze dua ntawm ib qho ntawm cov khoom noj uas ntxim nyiam. Lub boletus, daim duab thiab cov lus piav qhia uas koj tuaj yeem pom hauv peb tsab xov xwm, tsis yog qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig suav tias yog ib qho ntawm cov nceb qab tshaj plaws.

Sijhawm thiab qhov chaw loj hlob

thawj boletus nceb tshwm nyob rau lub Rau Hli. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau qee qhov chaw lawv ib txwm hu ua "spikelets" (txij li thaum rye pib pob ntseg thaum lub sijhawm no). Undoubtedly, thawj porcini nceb thiab boletus tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau lawv.

Feem ntau cov nceb no pom nrog lub npe redhead boletus.

Nws loj hlob feem ntau hauv hav zoov sib xyaw, thiab mycelium (mycorrhiza) tseem feem ntau txuam nrog aspen, yog li nws feem ntau pom ntawm lawv lossis nyob ze.

Lawv kuj tuaj yeem pom muaj nyob hauv cov hav zoov hluas, hauv hav zoov deciduous (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog birch) thiab hauv hav zoov aspen. Nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov qhuav, boletus tuaj yeem loj hlob hauv hav zoov aspen ntau dua. Nws pom (nrog rau cov nceb liab) txawm nyob hauv hav zoov coniferous (piv txwv li, hauv hav zoov ntoo thuv). Koj tuaj yeem pom nws ntawm ntug hav zoov thiab hauv cov teb uas tau tso tseg, overgrown nrog ntoo thiab shrubs. Ntxiv mus, cov nceb no feem ntau loj hlob hauv pab pawg.

Hauv ntiaj teb no, cov kab mob kis thoob plaws rau sab qaum teb Hemisphere (teb thaj tsam huab cua). Boletus loj hlob ntau hauv North America, Central Europe, thiab lawv tsis tshua muaj nyob rau hauv toj siab ntawm Southern Europe.

Boletus: duab thiab piav qhia

Tus saj ntawm nceb tsis nyob ntawm cov xim ntawm boletus. Nws zoo nkauj heev nyob rau hauv txhua daim ntawv thiab rightfully siv 2nd qhov chaw tom qab lub nto moo tshaj plaws dawb nceb nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm nws saj.

Lub boletus belongs rau genus Obabok, uas yog ib feem ntawm tsev neeg Boletaceae. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ntawm lawv, txhais ceg zoo li yuav tsum tau them nrog tsaus nti, thiab qhov no yog heev kom meej meej pom. Cov ntoo boletus paub zoo kuj muaj cov cuab yeej zoo sib xws ntawm ob txhais ceg.

Cov xim ntawm lub kaus mom yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, tab sis tsis muaj txhais tau tias tsuas yog kos npe los ntawm cov nceb no txawv ntawm lwm tus. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub taub hau liab yog qhov sib txawv ntawm nws cov xim. Nws tsis tas yuav muaj xim liab (liab nceb). Feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv hav zoov yog boletus nrog lub kaus mom xim av, ntxiv rau, lawv zoo li porcini nceb. Muaj nyob rau hauv qhov yuav luag dawb thiab txiv kab ntxwv boletus. Cov qub yog tsawg heev thiab yog li ntawd tau teev nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Liab ntawm Russia.

Red nceb

Nyob hauv cov neeg nws hu ua obabk, aspen lossis chelysh. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias txhua hom boletus yog noj tau.thiab zoo sib xws thiab cua. Lawv siv rau hauv kev ua noj, kib, pickling thiab kua zaub.

Lub kaus mom liab boletus loj tuaj yeem ncav cuag 30 centimeters hauv txoj kab uas hla. Nyob rau hauv cov duab, nws yog spherical nyob rau hauv cov hluas nceb thiab hauv ncoo-puab nyob rau hauv ntau mature sawv daws yuav. Cov xim ntawm tom kawg txawv ntawm cib liab mus rau tsaus liab.

Lawv cov tubular txheej kuj hloov pauv nyob ntawm lub hnub nyoog: los ntawm dawb hauv cov hluas mus rau grey-xim av hauv cov nceb paub tab. Cov ceg siab ntawm tag nrho cov thickens downwards. Mushroom pulp ntawm qhov txiav sai sai tig xiav thiab hloov ntshav.

Qhov txawv ntawm boletus

Cov nceb tam sim ntawd tsaus rau ntawm qhov txiav lossis seem: ua ntej nws tig xiav thiab tom qab ntawd yuav luag dub. Rau ntau novice nceb pickers, cov cuab yeej no yog ceeb thiab nyob rau hauv vain. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb uas lees tias qhov no yog tib yam - nceb noj tau nrog lub hau liab. Thiab xws li kev hloov ntawm cov xim tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog cov txheej txheem ntawm oxidation nyob rau hauv cov huab cua ntawm ib co tshuaj uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub boletus.

Tau kawg, muaj ntau cov nceb uas muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo ib yam ntawm boletus. Yog li ntawd, cov nceb yuav tsum raug txiav txim los ntawm ntau yam tshwj xeeb.

Ntawm no yog qee tus yam ntxwv ntawm boletus:

• liab, liab lossis xim av xim;
• tubular txheej hauv qab ntawm lub hau, feem ntau yog lub teeb grey;
• ceg nrog qhov tsaus ntuj " nplai";
• xiav thiab txiav txiav.

Ntxhais hluas thiab lausnceb

Cov tub ntxhais hluas nceb liab yog qhov pom tau zoo hauv hav zoov, tab sis nws qhov tshwj xeeb yog nws muaj peev xwm hloov nws cov xim nyob ntawm cov nroj tsuag uas muaj nyob hauv hav zoov, hnub nyoog thiab hom nceb nws tus kheej. Ntau tus boletus paub tab muaj lub kaus mom grey-xim av, uas dhau los ua qhov kaj thiab ntau dua li lub kaus mom ntawm boletus.

Cov nceb me me kuj txawv ntawm daim ntawv. Lawv lub kaus mom zoo huv si, me me thiab ntawm ceg tawv nqaij loj zoo li lub thimble ntawm tus ntiv tes.

Txhua tus neeg laus thiab cov nceb me me, tuab heev.

Yog tias cov nceb tau pom dheev pom mos rau qhov kov thaum xaiv, nws yog qhov zoo dua tsis txhob coj mus rau hauv pob tawb. Nws yog overripe thiab tsis haum rau zaub mov.

Lub sijhawm tseem ceeb rau kev ripening ntawm aspen nceb yog lub hli ntawm Lub Yim Hli, tsawg dua lub Cuaj Hli thiab Lub Kaum Hli.

Mhrooms nrog zoo nkauj liab-xim av los yog txiv kab ntxwv lub kaus mom saib zoo nyob rau hauv ib lub pob tawb ntim rau saum nrog ntau yam edible nceb. Lawv qab qab tsis yog noj xwb, tab sis kuj sau.