Txhua tus neeg xaiv nceb paub tias tsis yog txhua tus nceb hauv hav zoov noj tau. Txhawm rau nrhiav lawv, koj yuav tsum paub meej tias lawv zoo li cas, lawv pom qhov twg thiab qhov txawv ntawm lawv muaj. Peb yuav tham txog txhua yam no hauv peb tsab xov xwm. Cov duab, piav qhia txog cov nceb noj tau thiab lawv cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb tuaj yeem pom hauv qab no.
Lawv zoo li cas?
Mhrooms tsis nyob hauv cov nroj tsuag lossis tsiaj ntiaj teb, thiab tsim lawv tus kheej lub nceeg vaj ntawm xwm. Tam sim no, los ntawm 500 txhiab mus rau ib lab ntawm lawv cov hom paub. Lawv suav tag nrho thaj chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb, mus txog txawm tias thaj chaw txias tshaj plaws.
Nyob rau hauv tsos thiab lawv cov zoo, cov kab mob no muaj ntau haiv neeg. Lawv tuaj yeem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab siv hauv tshuaj, ua noj lossis ua liaj ua teb, lossis tsuas yog tuaj yeem ua rau raug mob. Cov tsiaj uas muaj qab ntxiag saj thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb kiag li noj yog hu ua nceb nceb. Inedible nceb hu ua cov nceb uas muaj cov khoom noj uas tsis tshua muaj zaub mov, tab sis lawv tsis muaj teeb meem ntau rau kev noj qab haus huv.
nceb txaus ntshai tiag tiag yog hom kab mob lom. Lawv muaj cov tshuaj lom uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub cev thiab tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus. Cov tshuaj lom tshaj plaws hauv lub ntiaj teb no yog daj ntseg grebe, txawm tias ob peb grams uas ua rau tuag taus.
Cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb thiab npe ntawm cov nceb noj tau
Mushrooms yog ib yam khoom noj khoom haus heev. Lawv yog cov nplua nuj nyob rau hauv proteins thiab lwm yam khoom muaj txiaj ntsig rau peb. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv yuav tsum tau muab sau ua tib zoo, txwv tsis pub noj hmo dawb huv yuav xaus rau hauv txaj hauv tsev kho mob.
Ntawm no yog qee lub npe nrov tshaj plaws rau cov nceb noj tau:
- Ceb.
- Borovik.
- Polish los yog pansky nceb.
- Ginger.
- Boletus.
- Autumn zib mu nceb.
- Chanterelle.
- Ring cap.
- Qab.
Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg.
Thaum mus yos hav zoov, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo kawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov kab mob. Txhua yam yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account - xim thiab qhov loj ntawm lub kaus mom, cov duab ntawm ceg, hom thiab tsis hnov tsw ntawm pulp, muaj los yog tsis muaj ib tug fringe ntawm nws lub cev. Cov ntaub ntawv no yooj yim nrhiav hauv Is Taws Nem lossis hauv cov npe tshwj xeeb, tab sis nws yog qhov zoo dua mus tshawb nrog cov neeg paub txog.
Rau cov neeg pib ua lag luam no, nws yog qhov zoo dua los tsom rau cov hom tubular (butter, dawb, boletus, thiab lwm yam), ntawm cov uas muaj cov tshuaj lom tsawg heev. Nyob rau hauv lub cap ntawm xws li nceb yog ib tug spongy txheej, muaj ntau ntsug hlab los yog hlwb. Nyob rau hauv hom edible, txheej tubular tau yooj yim sib cais los ntawm pulp.
Learn edibleagaric yog qhov nyuaj dua. Kev txawj yuav tsum tau muaj nyob ntawm no, vim hais tias ntawm lawv muaj ntau yam tshuaj lom. Qhov qis ntawm lub hau ntawm tag nrho cov nceb agaric muaj ntsug folds los yog daim hlau. Ntawm no, koj tuaj yeem noj nceb, chanterelles, mis nyuj nceb, serushki, champignons, nceb.
Twin nceb: noj tau, inedible thiab tshuaj lom
Muaj ib lub tswv yim tias hom tshuaj lom neeg yooj yim heev rau kev lees paub, lawv hais, lawv yuav twv yuav raug muab rau lawv tus kheej nrog cov ntxhiab tsw tsw lossis xim txawv. Tab sis tsis yog txhua tus ntawm lawv zoo li ya agarics, yog li koj yuav tsum tsis txhob tso siab rau cov dab neeg no. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ntau cov nceb nceb thiab tsis tuaj yeem noj tau sib txawv ntawm ib qho ntawm ob peb cov ntsiab lus xwb.
Qhov phom sij tshaj plaws daj ntseg yog yooj yim tsis meej pem nrog champignon. Koj tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm lawv los ntawm daim phiaj: nyob rau hauv ib qho nceb noj tau lawv darken thaum siav, nyob rau hauv ib qho tshuaj lom lawv nyob twj ywm. Cov ntau yam ntsuab ntawm grebe zoo ib yam li ntsuab russula. Ntawm no koj yuav tsum tau saib rau lub xub ntiag ntawm ib ncig ntawm ceg, Volvo, ntau yam qauv thiab teev ntawm ceg - tsuas yog lub grebe muaj tag nrho cov ntsiab lus.
Cov fungus dawb kuj muaj ob "ntxaib" - kua tsib thiab dab ntxwg nyoog nceb. Koj tuaj yeem paub cov tsiaj tsis tseeb los ntawm cov qauv mesh tsaus nti ntawm lub qia, xim liab lossis xim liab ntawm qhov qis ntawm lub hau, thiab kuj los ntawm lub iab saj (yog tias koj yaim lub kaus mom). Thaum koj nias cov nqaij ntawm ceg, nws tig liab dawb nyob rau hauv inedible nceb, thaum nyob rau hauv lub "tsim" hom nws tseem dawb.
Cov nceb cuav tuaj yeem lees paub los ntawm cov txiv ntseej xim thiab qhov tsis muaj "daim tiab" ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm ceg. Cov nceb tiag tiag muaj ib qho fringe, thiab cov xim ib txwm yog xim av. Qhov cuav chanterelle muab nws tus kheej tawm los ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo dawb uas tso tawm thaum lub paj tawg. Nws cov xim yeej ib txwm saturated los ntawm ci txiv kab ntxwv mus rau reddish, thiab lub kaus mom yog ib yam nkaus thiab du. Ib tug tiag tiag chanterelle muaj ib tug txawm daj tint, thiab lub kaus mom yog wavy.
Tsis muaj txoj cai dav dav ntawm yuav ua li cas paub qhov txawv ntawm cov nceb nceb los ntawm cov khoom noj tsis zoo lossis cov tshuaj lom. Yog li ntawd nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub cov yam ntxwv ntawm txhua tus neeg uas koj yuav ua noj.
oyster nceb
Oyster nceb yog cov nceb agaric edible, nws lub npe feem ntau yog hais los ntawm txhua tus neeg nrog tsab ntawv e. Lawv nyob hauv pab pawg, kev loj hlob ntawm ib leeg. Lawv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo lub cev yog muaj kua thiab elastic. Tsis zoo li ntau lub kaus mom nceb, nws tsis muaj kev sib cais meej ntawm lub hau, tab sis, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, smoothly ntws mus rau hauv nws, nthuav mus rau sab saud. Lub kaus mom oyster nceb yog khoom, puag ncig lossis oval, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nws khov kho khoov, tsa cov npoo.
Cov nceb saum toj tuaj yeem ncav cuag li 5 txog 30 centimeters. Cov xim txawv nyob ntawm seb hom. Nws tuaj yeem yog grey, xim av-txiv ntseej, grey-violet lossis lilac. Lub lamellar hauv qab ntawm lub hau (hymenophore) muaj xim dawb, tab sis tig daj lossis grey nrog hnub nyoog.
Cov genus no suav nrog ntoo qhib, oyster, steppe, ntsws, paj yeeb thiab lwm yam oyster nceb. Muaj ntau ntawm lawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab muaj cov vitamins (B, C, E, D2) thiab cov zaub mov (calcium, phosphorus, iron, iodine). Cov nceb oyster feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv deciduous thiab sib xyaw hav zoov ntawm thaj chaw temperate. Lawv loj hlobNyob rau cov kab mob uas tsis muaj zog ntoo thiab rotten stumps ntawm oaks, birches, aspens los yog willows. Hauv tsev, lawv loj hlob txawm tias ntawm sawdust.
Oils
Cov nceb noj tau los ntawm ntau lub npe: butterdish, butterdish, butterpilts, slippery Jack, thiab lwm yam Nws tau txais nws lub npe tseem ceeb vim cov tawv nqaij nyias nyias ntawm lub kaus mom, uas glitters thiab shimmers nyob rau hauv lub hnub, xws li yog muaj roj.
Qhov saum npoo ntawm cov fungus yog du los yog velvety, thiab tej zaum yuav tawg mus rau hauv me me nplai. Lub kaus mom feem ntau zoo nkauj semicircular, mus txog 15 centimeters nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla. Cov xim ntawm ntau hom sib txawv ntawm ocher mus rau cib los yog xim av-xim av. Lub hymenophore ntawm fungus yog tubular yellowish nyob rau hauv cov xim. Ob txhais ceg yog dawb cylindrical mus txog 10 cm siab, pleev xim liab liab downwards.
Npauj Npaim tau faib feem ntau nyob rau sab qaum teb Hemisphere, tab sis qee hom muaj nyob hauv Australia thiab Africa. Lawv tsis nce mus rau hauv qhov chaw ntxoov ntxoo heev, nyiam loj hlob ntawm ob sab ntawm txoj kev los yog ntawm cov ntoo qis. Feem ntau lawv pom hauv hav zoov coniferous, tab sis kuj tuaj yeem nyob ze ntawm oaks lossis birches. Lawv tau sau txij lub Rau Hli mus txog rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis, thaum kub poob qis dua +16 degrees, lawv tsis tawm.
Shiitake
Imperial nceb lossis shiitake yog dav paub hauv Suav teb thiab Nyij Pooj, vim ntau txhiab xyoo dhau los nws tau ua haujlwm ntawm tus kav lub rooj. Niaj hnub no nws yog siv tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ua noj ua haus, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv cosmetology thiab tshuaj. Nws lub npe txhais los ntawm Nyij Pooj raws li loj hlob ntawm tsob ntoo txiv ntoo (shea tree).
Cov nceb loj hlob ntawm 2 mus rau 20 centimeters nyob rau hauv qhov siab nrog lub hau ntawm 5-20 cm. Nws muaj nyias, txawm qia, me ntsis nqaim downwards. Lub hau yog convex thiab sib npaug, velvety rau qhov kov. Thaum cov fungus loj tuaj, nws tuaj yeem tawg thiab ua tsis sib xws. Shiitake hymenophore lamellar dawb, thaum puas ua xim av. Cov xim ntawm lub kaus mom yeej ib txwm xim av lossis lub teeb xim av, nco txog qhov ntxoov ntxoo ntawm cocoa.
Cov nceb loj hlob nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Asia thiab Russia Far East. Nws nyob ntawm qhov poob birches, oaks, chestnuts, hornbeams, mulberries thiab lawv stumps. Pom tshwm hauv hav zoov txij lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav mus rau lub caij nplooj zeeg lig.
Boletus
Aspen lossis redhead muaj nyob rau hauv tib lub genus lom nrog boletus. Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm cov nceb no yog qhov feem ntau lawv nyob ib sab ntawm qee yam ntoo.
Ib yam ntxwv ntawm yuav luag txhua cov nceb aspen yog lub kaus mom ci ci-liab liab, nco txog lub caij nplooj zeeg nplooj. Tsuas yog cov boletus dawb xwb muaj lub teeb xim. Cov nceb hau yog convex, 5-20 cm nyob rau hauv loj, lub cev ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog ntom thiab fleshy, ceg yog tuab, stocky, club-puab.
Txhua yam boletus yog nceb noj tau. Lawv muaj nyob rau hauv sib xyaw thiab deciduous hav zoov ntawm North America thiab Eurasia, qee zaum loj hlob hauv hav zoov coniferous. Los ntawm lub npe ntawm nceb, peb tuaj yeem xaus tias nws nyob ze aspens, tab sis nws kuj tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv spruce, ntoo qhib, willow, hornbeam, birch, beech thiab poplar.
Cep nceb
Cep nceb yog ib qho ntawmnto moo tshaj plaws thiab revered nyob rau hauv peb cheeb tsam. Nws tsis tau txais nws lub npe ntawm tag nrho cov xim ntawm lub kaus mom, nws feem ntau yog xim av lossis xim av hauv nws. Lub npe menyuam yaus no tau muab rau nws vim yog cov daus-dawb pulp, uas, txawm tias tom qab raug puas los yog siav, tseem lub teeb.
Lub hau ntawm cov nceb yog convex thiab puag ncig, ncav cuag li ntawm 8 mus rau 30 cm inch. Nyob rau lub caij sov thiab los nag heev, nws tuaj yeem loj hlob mus txog 50 cm. Cov ceg ntawm porcini nceb yog tuab thiab zoo li lub thoob. Nws yog xim dawb lossis xim av xim av, qee zaum npog nrog cov pob liab liab.
Cep nceb muaj tus yam ntxwv qab ntxiag aroma thiab saj, muaj nuj nqis heev hauv kev ua noj. Nws tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv deciduous, coniferous thiab sib xyaw hav zoov, tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv tundra thiab hav zoov tundra. Nws raug faib thoob plaws sab qaum teb Hemisphere thiab hauv South America.
