Peb lub ntiaj teb no muaj ntau tus noog nyob, lub npe tej zaum peb kuj tsis hnov. Lawv pom nyob txhua qhov chaw: hauv hav zoov, roob, steppes, ntawm ntug hiav txwv dej thiab txawm nyob rau hauv lub txias tundra. Kev sib txawv ntawm pawg fauna no zoo heev, piv txwv li, tsuas yog nyob rau thaj chaw ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation koj tuaj yeem ntsib cov neeg sawv cev ntawm ntau dua 400 hom, suav nrog tsis tsuas yog sedentary, tab sis kuj cov noog tsiv teb tsaws, cov duab nrog cov npe uas yooj yim. nrhiav hauv atlases.
Sparrow order
Ntawm qhov xav tau, ntau dua 50% ntawm txhua hom noog muaj nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm passeriformes, thiab qhov tsawg tshaj plaws yog tus huab tais (6 g), thiab qhov loj tshaj plaws yog raven (1.5 kg). Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, muaj plaub subspecies ntawm no noog: songbirds, ib nrab-singers, qw (tyrants) thiab broad-billed (horn-billed). Cov cwj pwm thiab xim ntawm cov noog, nrog rau cov noog hav zoov, muaj ntau haiv neeg, thiab cov txiv neej hu nkauj thiab saib zoo tshaj plaws. Lawv yog thawj tus tuaj txog ntawm qhov chaw xaiv rau zes, thiab nrog lawv cov nkauj qhiathaj chaw thiab nyiam cov poj niam. Qee hom, xws li starlings thiab jays, muaj peev xwm luam tawm cov suab ntawm cov noog sib txawv thiab qee cov lus ntawm peb cov lus. Nthuav dav thoob plaws.
Qee tus neeg taug kev nyob hauv pab yaj thaum lub caij ua zes, tab sis feem ntau ua khub. Qhov chaw yog xaiv los ntawm cov txiv neej, thiab sib txawv subspecies nyiam qhov no hollow, tsob ntoo ceg, pob zeb, qhov nyob rau hauv av, pob zeb, thiab lwm yam. Kev yug me nyuam tshwm sim nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav los yog lub caij ntuj sov, tab sis, piv txwv li, crossbill tsis ntshai ntawm qhov txias., thiab yog tias muaj zaub mov txaus (spruce thiab ntoo thuv cones), nws yug los txawm nyob rau lub Ib Hlis.
Txhua tus neeg hla tebchaws yug me nyuam qaib uas yug NW nyuam qhuav npog hauv qhov kaj, lag ntseg thiab qhov muag tsis pom, tab sis loj hlob sai heev. Ob tug poj niam thiab txiv neej pub rau cov hluas. Hnub 10-15, nrog lawv niam lawv txiv, cov me nyuam ya tawm ntawm lub zes; nyob rau hauv hom zes nyob rau hauv hollows, qhov no tshwm sim me ntsis tom qab - nyob rau hnub 20-25.
Cov npe ntawm cov noog uas nyob rau hauv passerines yeej ib txwm paub zoo: sparrow, titmouse, oriole, nqos, starling, wagtail, oatmeal, thiab lwm yam. Ntawm cov loj, ib tug yuav paub qhov txawv ib tug crow, jay, cardinal, thrush., fieldfare.
Nyob ntawm tiaj ua si, vaj, meadows thiab teb
Cov noog ntawm kev txiav txim siab nyob hauv lub vaj thiab cov chaw ua si hauv nroog, nyob hauv cov teb thiab cov nyom. Hav zoov thiab suab puam cov neeg sawv cev feem ntau yog me me, nyob rau hauv cov noog granivorous thiab insectivorous. Cov no yog cov nkauj noog nrog cov ceg luv luv, uas tau yoog zoo rau lub neej hauv cov ntoo. Hauv cov teb, cov hav zoov sib xyaw, cov chaw ua si thiab cov vaj, feem ntau koj tuaj yeem pom titmouse, starling, rook, bullfinch,Crow, nightingale, magpie, chaffinch, jackdaw thiab ntau lwm tus neeg sawv cev ntawm lub detachment. Cov npe noog tau paub peb thaum yau.
Ntau tsev neeg tau yoog raws qhov chaw qhib, qhov twg tsis muaj tsob ntoo siab. Cov no suav nrog cov lark, oatmeal, pheasant, partridge, thiab lwm yam. Owls, harriers, thiab steppe eagles saib xyuas thaj chaw nthuav dav hauv kev tshawb nrhiav cov nab thiab nas me.
Txhua tus noog ntawm qhov chaw qhib tau yoog rau lawv qhov chaw nyob ntawm lawv tus kheej. Ib txhia ntawm lawv txav mus rau hauv av zoo kawg nkaus, tsis tsuas yog nrhiav zaub mov, tab sis kuj khiav tawm ntawm cov yeeb ncuab, xyaum tsis siv lawv cov tis. Lawv tau poob lub peev xwm ya, tab sis lawv muaj ob txhais ceg muaj zog nrog cov ntiv taw luv, uas ua rau kom khiav ceev thiab khawb. Cov noog no suav nrog galliformes (grouse, pheasant, partridge, guinea fowl, crax), ostriches, thiab lwm yam.
Hnub thiab hmo ntuj "ya" cov tsiaj nyeg yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tis muaj zog thiab cov claws ntse, uas pab lawv tua tsiaj zoo. Cov pab pawg no suav nrog falcons, kites dub, hawks, owls, meadow thiab field harriers, thiab lwm yam.
Lavxias teb sab steppes ncav cuag txhua txoj kev los ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Azov thiab Dub Seas mus rau Urals, thiab nws yog ib qho zoo heev uas muaj ntau tus noog nyob hauv qhov chaw qhib. Steppe thiab suab puam noog, hom thiab cov npe uas peb yuav muab hauv qab no, raug yuam kom ceev faj. Qhov chaw qhib tsis muaj chaw nyob ntau dhau, yog li qee zaum tsuas yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sai thiab dav hlau tuaj yeem cawm cov noog ntawm tus yeeb ncuab.
Vimsteppe thiab suab puam hom txav ntau ntawm cov nyom hauv kev tshawb nrhiav zaub mov, lawv ob txhais ceg tau tsim txaus rau qhov no. Ntxiv rau partridges, steppe noog muaj xws li: demoiselle crane, crowberry, me me bustard, gyrfalcon, bustard, thiab lwm yam. Lawv txawj nkaum hauv cov nyom vim "camouflage" xim ntawm plaub thiab yooj yim nrhiav zaub mov ntawm fertile steppe av. Nroj tsuag thiab kab yog cov zaub mov tseem ceeb, tab sis cov noog ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg, cov duab nrog cov npe uas tuaj yeem pom hauv txhua phau ntawv, yos hav zoov nab, qav thiab nas, uas muaj ntau ntau, thiab tseem tsis quav ntsej carrion. Qee hom noog npaj lawv lub zes rau hauv av, thiab cov tsiaj nyeg loj - ntawm cov ntoo tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv cov chaw no.
Ntsuab noog
Muaj ob peb noog nyob rau hauv suab puam vim lawv tsis tuaj yeem nqhis dej. Hauv tebchaws Russia, sab qab teb ntawm thaj av Astrakhan thiab sab hnub tuaj ntawm Kalmykia yog thaj chaw suab puam, uas muaj ntau nyob rau hauv cov zaub thiab noo noo tsuas yog nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav. Cov noog xws li suab puam qaib, bustards, warblers, steppe eagles nyiam xis nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej nyuaj. Pelicans, mute swans, ducks, egrets tuaj yeem zes hauv thaj chaw ciam teb ze ntawm dej.
Tsis yog hais txog lub ntiaj teb coob tshaj plaws uas tsis muaj noog, tus noog African, uas tuaj yeem hnyav dua 150 kg. Evolution tau saib xyuas nws, muab nws lub caj dab ntev rau kev pom zoo ntawm cov av thiab cov ceg muaj zog rau kev khiav ceev thiab ntaus cov yeeb ncuab thaum sib ntaus. Ostriches nyob hauv ntau tsev neeg; Lawv noj zaub mov, kab, lizards, nas, tab sis lawv tuaj yeem khaws cov seem ntawm cov zaub mov ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg. Funny dab neeg txog dab tsi ostriches nkaumtaub hau nyob rau hauv cov xuab zeb - tsuas yog ib tug tso dag, tab sis cov poj niam hatching me nyuam qaib, ntawm qhov pom ntawm kev txaus ntshai, cia flatten rau hauv av, sim ua tsis pom. Vim huab cua sov nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov, cov noog suab puam tau ua haujlwm thaum hmo ntuj, thiab lub caij ntuj no lawv ua haujlwm thaum nruab hnub thaum sov.
Nyob hav zoov
Nyob hav zoov ua zes nyob rau hauv ntoo thiab bushes, thiab nyob rau hauv hollows. Cov nroj tsuag ntoo ua haujlwm rau lawv tsis yog qhov chaw nkaum xwb, tab sis yog qhov chaw kom tau txais zaub mov. Yog li ntawd, cov paws hauv ntau hom yog tsim los kom lawv yooj yim qhwv ib ncig ntawm ceg. Cov yam ntxwv zoo ib yam yog cov tails ntev thiab dav, luv tis uas tso cai rau lawv sai sai tshem tawm, qeeb thiab ua kom yuam kev ntawm cov ceg tawv. Cov noog hav zoov suav nrog feem ntau cov neeg hla tebchaws, cov ntoo peckers, owls, thiab galliformes.
Cov claws ntawm vertically nce toj tsob ntoo trunks yog nkhaus thiab ntse. Qee lub npe ntawm cov noog hav zoov ntawm pawg no qhia txog hom kev txav no (nuthatch). Rau kev txhawb nqa thiab sib npaug, pikas thiab woodpeckers siv lawv cov tails, thaum lub mis, finches thiab lwm yam pichuga, thaum tau txais zaub mov, muaj peev xwm dai ntawm cov ceg hauv qab. Cov tsiaj nyeg hav zoov yos hav zoov hauv kev ya, lossis poob rau ntawm lawv cov tsiaj nyeg.
Birds of Prey of the Forest
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm nruab hnub thiab hmo ntuj predators ntawm hav zoov yog ib tug ntse hooked beak thiab ntev claws ntawm ob txhais ceg muaj zog. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, lawv muaj qhov muag pom kev thiab hnov lus zoo heev.
Qee npe ntawm Lavxias teb sab noog hais txog hav zoov predators: dav dawb hau owl, snowy owl, owl, zib mubuzzard, buzzard, goshawk, thiab lwm yam.
Keeb kwm ntawm lub npe noog
Cov npe ntawm cov noog tsis raug xaiv randomly: yuav luag txhua tus ntawm lawv qhia tias muaj qee yam pom los ntawm tib neeg. Piv txwv li, rau lub suab thiab kev hu nkauj, cov npe tau muab rau cuckoo (ku-ku), chizhu (chi-chi), titmouse (xiav-xiav), rook (gra-gra), thiab hoopoe, seagull., lapwing thiab ntau lwm cov noog.
Cov noog ntawm Urals kuj tau txais cov npe rau lawv cov yam ntxwv plumage: greenfinch, hazel grouse, redstart (jay), thiab cov noog xws li flycatcher, zib ntab buzzard thiab nutcracker qhia lawv cov zaub mov nyiam. Cov wagtail thiab wagtail yooj yim paub qhov txawv ntawm lawv tus cwj pwm, tab sis qhov chaw zes ntawm qee cov noog tau muab tso rau hauv lawv lub npe: ntug dej nqos khawb qhov rau ntawm ntug dej siab, thiab tus tsov ntxhuav nkaum hauv cov nroj tsuag tuab.
Yooj yim nco ntsoov cov npe noog rau cov menyuam yaus, yog tias lawv zoo li lub suab uas lawv tsim, piv txwv li, thaum taug kev, zoo li tus noog. Nws maj mam taug kev los ntawm cov av nkos, zoo li "sipping", tsa nws ob txhais ceg siab siab, thiab cov lus hauv zos tau hloov lub npe ntawm tus noog los ntawm "chapel" mus rau heron. Los yog yog tias lawv koom nrog, piv txwv li, nrog daus, qhov twg lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm lub npe ntawm tus noog bullfinch tuaj.
Tab sis cov neeg yos hav zoov paub tias yog vim li cas lub capercaillie tau txais nws lub npe: thaum nws leks, nws thiaj li nqa mus rau qhov chaw cia thiab tsis hnov lub suab nrov txaus ntshai. Tab sis thaum nws nres, txhua yam tig mus rau hauv kev mloog.
Cov noog xws li chaffinch thiab robin tau raug npe raws li lawv lub sijhawm nyob. Me finches ya nyob rau hauv thiab tawm thaum lub caij txias tshaj plaws, txias lub hlis, uas yog vim li cas lawv thiaj li hu ua li ntawd, txawm hais tias lawv tus kheej yog heev Frost-resistant. Thiab tus robin, uas feem ntau nyob hauv lub vaj ze ze rau tib neeg, tos txais thaum sawv ntxov thiab yav tsaus ntuj nrog kev hu nkauj nrov.
Bullfinch
Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm ntawm lub npe ntawm cov noog bullfinch kuj yog qhov tshwj xeeb, vim tias nws tuaj txog hauv peb cheeb tsam rau lub caij ntuj no, nrog rau daus, thiab nrog rau qhov pib ntawm caij nplooj ntoos hlav nws ya mus rau hauv hav zoov coniferous tsaus. Lub bullfinch yeej ib txwm cuam tshuam nrog lub xyoo tshiab, yog li cov khoom siv hauv tsev, Xyoo Tshiab phaib thiab khoom plig tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov duab liab-bellied me.
Cov noog yog ib feem ntawm tsev neeg finches thiab nyob hauv pab yaj, tsis tu ncua hu rau ib leeg nrog xuav. Nyob rau lub caij ntuj no, nws tseem pom nyob rau hauv cov chaw ua si hauv nroog. Breeds nrog qhov pib ntawm tshav kub nyob rau hauv lub alpine thiab taiga hav zoov ntawm Eurasia, nyob rau hauv lub Caucasus, nyob rau hauv lub Carpathians. Pub rau berries, noob, tsob ntoo buds.
Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws.
Dej hiav txwv, cov duab thiab cov npe uas tau muab hauv qab no, yog cov noog uas tuaj yeem nyob hauv dej. Lawv tsis suav nrog cov tsiaj uas tsuas yog nrhiav zaub mov hauv dej. Vim lawv qhov tshwj xeeb ua neej ntawm cov ntiv tes: Webbing ntawm cov ntiv tes, tsis txaus ntseeg pleasers.
Lub npe ntawm cov noog, los yog kev txiav txim, yog ib tug derivative ntawm cov brightest sawv cev: anseriformes, pelicans, loons, gulls, penguins, thiab lwm yam. cov dej, zoo li cormorants thiab divers, los yog qis dua lawv lub taub hau, zoo li swans thiabcov os. Seagulls tuaj yeem ntses hauv nruab nrab lub dav hlau los ntawm submerging lawv beaks.
dej hiav txwv ntawm Russia
Waterfowl tau nthuav dav thoob plaws hauv Lavxias Federation, cov duab thiab cov npe ntawm feem ntau paub rau txhua tus. Txawm hais tias feem ntau yog migratory: ducks, geese, swans, thiab lwm yam. Thaum kawg ntawm lub caij ntuj sov, active migration ntawm waterfowl mus rau wintering qhov chaw pib. Los ntawm txoj kev, qee tus neeg sawv cev ntawm pab pawg no siv ntau lub xyoo nyob deb ntawm hiav txwv, rov qab mus rau ntug dej tsuas yog ua zes thiab hatching (qee tus ducks). Sakhalin, Kuriles, Kamchatka, Crimea thiab lwm qhov chaw uas muaj dej ntau hauv lub cev tuaj yeem raug suav hais tias yog chaw nyob.
Cov noog Lavxias teb sab, uas nws lub npe yog duck thiab eider, nyob hauv Yakutia thiab ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Lake Chukotka. Zes raws Volga: moorhen, liab-nosed pochard, zoo grebe, grey goose, mute swan, coot.
noog liab
Nyob rau hauv txhua haiv neeg ntawm cov noog, cov noog liab sawv tawm, lub npe uas txawv heev, nrog rau cov plumage ci. Yog tias peb cov lentils, crossbills thiab bullfinches tau pleev xim rau hauv cov xim no, ces flamingos, tanager, virginian cardinal, fiery velvet weaver, ibis yuav luag tag nrho liab. Feem ntau ntawm cov noog no nyob hauv hav zoov hav zoov, nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Asmeskas, hauv Hawaii thiab lwm cov Islands tuaj, hauv Australia thiab Africa. Lawv suav nrog cov neeg hla tebchaws, cov thom khwm, flamingos, storks thiab lwm hom.
Ntuj ntaws noog
Ntau hom noog, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho, txawv ntawm lub cev loj, beak zoo, xim plumage thiab chaw nyob. Tag nrhonta yog qhov nyuaj los piav qhia luv luv, yog li peb tsuas yog kov ob peb. Interestingly, lub beak ntawm txhua tus noog yog tsim nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev uas nws tau yooj yim tau nws cov zaub mov. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm morphological adaptation, cov noog tau muab faib ua 14 pawg raws li cov duab ntawm lawv cov beak, xws li: omnivores, fishermen, insectivores, water cutters, mowers that feed on coniferous seed, nectar or fruits, scavengers, predators, and others..
Raws li kev soj ntsuam, nws tau pom tias qee hom noog muaj kev txawj ntse thiab txawj ntse. Yog li ntawd, gulls thiab crows, tau pom ib tug mollusk los yog ib tug txiv ntseej, nqa nws mus rau saum huab cua, thiab ces muab pov rau hauv av kom tawg nws, rov hais dua no manipulation ob peb zaug. Thiab ntsuab herons, kom nyiam ntses, pov bait nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug twig los yog nplooj mus rau hauv dej. Parrots, jays thiab rooks yog tsim nyog rau kev kawm tib neeg hais lus, thiab woodpecker siv ib tug nyias stick los qhib ib tug tawg nyob rau hauv lub bark ntawm tsob ntoo thiab tshem tawm kab los ntawm muaj.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov noog hauv qhov xwm txheej thiab rau tib neeg
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov noog hauv qhov xwm txheej tsis tuaj yeem kwv yees: kev cuam tshuam nrog ib leeg thiab tsiaj txhu, lawv tsim kev sib raug zoo uas txhawb kev xaiv ntuj. Noog pab cov noob tawg, thiab qee hom hla-pollinate flowering nroj tsuag.
Cov noog ntawm Prey tswj qhov sib npaug ntawm cov nas loj hlob. Thiab ua tsaug rau insectivorous pichugs uas noj caterpillars thiab larvae, ntau cov qoob loo, nrog rau kev ua liaj ua teb, tau khaws cia, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau tib neeg. Tias yog vim li cas txhua yam ntawmkev ntsuas kom txuag tau ntau hom noog, thiab cov xwm txheej tau tsim.
