Daim ntawv teev cov noog Lavxias yog qhov dav heev. Swifts, ducks, pigeons thiab tits, sparrows thiab crows nyob ntawm no, uas tuaj yeem pom ntawm txhua txoj kev, hauv txhua lub tiaj ua si thiab square. Kuj tseem muaj cov neeg sawv cev tsawg dua ntawm lub ntiaj teb ntawm cov noog. Cov no yog storks, cranes, owls, red-footed falcons, partridges thiab ntau lwm tus. Txhua tus ntawm lawv yog qhov nthuav hauv nws txoj kev thiab yog qhov khoom zoo rau kev kawm.
Nyob ntawm central Russia
Tseem lub teb chaws no tsuas yog muaj noog coob coob xwb. Thiab txhua txhua xyoo muaj coob tus noog nyob ntawm no rau lub caij ntuj no. Lawv nyob hauv cov tiaj ua si thiab squares, nyob rau hauv lub ru tsev ntawm lub tsev. Feem ntau cov neeg nyob hauv pub lawv cov neeg zej zog feathered, thiab qhov no tso cai rau lawv kom muaj lub caij ntuj no txaus siab. Feem ntau koj tuaj yeem ntsib ntawm no cuckoo, kestrel, oriole thiab nuthatch. Cov noog no tau pib nyob ze rau tib neeg. Hauv cov chaw ua si hauv nroog, ntawm cov pas dej thiab pas dej, koj tuaj yeem pom ntau cov os thiab txawm swans. Thiab thaum hmo ntuj koj tuaj yeem hnov tus hneev taw thiab lub suab quaj ntawm tus falcon.
Nyob ntawm txoj kab nruab nrab - ntau dua 70 hom neeg nomadic thiab sedentary, nrog rauntau tshaj 60 ntau yam ntawm migratory noog. Thaum lub caij sov, lawv nyob ntawm no, thiab nrog huab cua txias lawv mus rau Asia thiab Africa.
Nkauj noog
Ntau tus noog ntawm central Russia nyiam nyob ze tib neeg qhov chaw nyob. Muaj tsawg kawg yog 36 hom noog hauv nroog hauv cheeb tsam no. Ib txhia ntawm lawv nyob ncaj qha rau hauv nroog cov tsev. Lwm tus nyiam cov chaw ua si thiab squares, tsim lawv lub zes hauv cov ntoo thiab hav txwv yeem. Saib cov noog hauv nroog, koj tuaj yeem kawm txog qhov tseeb thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm lawv lub neej. Piv txwv li, nws muaj peev xwm nrhiav tau xws li kev txawj ntse lub peev xwm ntawm cov noog uas peb tsis tau xav tias ua ntej. Koj tsuas yog yuav tsum tsa koj lub qhov muag mus rau saum ntuj ntau zaus thiab ua tib zoo mloog lub ntiaj teb nyob ib puag ncig koj.
Txoj kev zoo thiab kev phem coj los rau txiv neej
Tau kawg, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov noog hauv nroog pom tseeb tias nws tsis tsim nyog txawm hais txog nws. Piv txwv li, sparrows, uas nws cov pej xeem tsuas yog tsis yooj yim sua kom suav, tab tom nrhiav zaub mov. Nrog lawv cov kab me me, lawv tua ntau lab tus kab me hauv ib hnub, thiab tseem khawb tawm ntau pua txhiab tus nroj tsuag. Tsis xav tias lawv hu ua orderlies ntawm lub nroog dumps thiab dumps.
Nws yog qhov nthuav tias lub hnub qub tuaj yeem rub tau ntau yam kab, kab laug sab thiab kab ntsig hauv ib hnub thaum nws hnyav. Thiab txij li qhov no nws yuav tsis rog dhau, vim nws yuav siv tag nrho nws lub zog mus nrhiav zaub mov tshiab.
Tab sis noog kuj tuaj yeem tsim teeb meem.
Bird teeb meem
Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm cov noog coob coob, dev mub pib yug,yoov, zuam thiab nab. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee cov noog yog ib qho chaw thiab muaj cov kab mob txaus ntshai heev - ornithosis. Tus kab mob no tuaj yeem kis mus rau tib neeg thiab qee zaum ua rau tuag taus. Tsis tas li, cov noog tuaj yeem nqa cov kab mob xws li encephalitis, pasteurellosis, brucellosis thiab lwm yam.
Ntau zaus, cov noog me xws li cov noog ya mus rau hauv khw, warehouses thiab malls nrhiav zaub mov. Nyob ntawd lawv rhuav tshem cov khoom, peck ntawm lub ntim thiab ua rau cov khoom siv tsis tau. Cov noog xau tsis yog tsuas yog ua rau cov vaj tse thiab txoj kev puas tsuaj xwb, tab sis kuj ua rau xeb ntawm cov hlau ntawm cov tsev thiab cov tsev. Cov noog ntawm cov noog cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob, cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshav dav hlau. Ua kom cov qoob loo hauv vaj txiv hmab txiv ntoo, vaj txiv ntoo thiab teb.
Nyob hav zoov
Ntau tus noog ntawm thaj chaw nruab nrab tseem nyiam nyob hauv hav zoov. Deciduous massifs nyiam los ntawm dub grouse, swift, cedar, nightingale thiab lwm yam. Cov hav zoov hav zoov raug xaiv los ntawm lwm cov noog: xiav tit, quark thiab xiav magpie. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau cov noog insectivorous nyob hauv hav zoov: woodpeckers, flycatchers, pigeons thiab hais txog. Ntawm no lawv tsim lawv lub zes thiab yug me nyuam.
Cov kab sib chaws muaj nplua nuj nyob hauv golden eagles, cuckoos, owls. Koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau lentils thiab tus paub titmouse ntawm no. Qee lub sij hawm nws yuav zoo li tias cov hav zoov coniferous tsis muaj sia nyob, thiab muaj kev ntsiag to tuag nyob hauv nws. Qhov no yog deb ntawm qhov tseeb. Qhov tseeb, nws muaj cov neeg nyob hauv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov noog, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum tau kawm kom mloog thiab hnov lawv.
Lark
Ib feem ntauib tug zoo-paub migratory noog yog lub teb lark. Cov noog me no hnyav tsuas yog 40 grams, thiab ncav cuag qhov ntev ntawm tsis ntau tshaj 19 cm. Lawv tuaj txog ntxov, sai li sai tau thaum cov daus melts thiab thawj thaws tshwm. Nws tsim ib lub zes me ntsis tom qab, thaum muaj ntau cov nroj tsuag ntsuab tshwm. Thiab thaum xub thawj, tus noog noj cov noob cog xyoo tas los thiab tshem tawm cov kab tsaug zog los ntawm hauv qab hauv av khov.
Npauj npaim nyob hauv av thiab noj ib yam nkaus. Tab sis nws tsuas yog hu nkauj hauv huab cua. Tawm mus rau qhov siab ntawm 150 meters, nws ua rau lub suab nrov dua nws nce siab. Qee lub sij hawm nws zoo li hais tias ib zaj nkauj nrov tuaj ncaj nraim los ntawm lub ntuj xiav. Kev nqis los, cov noog hu nkauj ntsiag to thiab nrawm dua, thiab ntawm qhov siab ntawm 15-20 meters nws nres tag nrho.
Heron thiab Crane
Tus paub zoo ntawm crane thiab heron nyiam txoj kev ua neej nyob ze dej. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, muaj me ntsis ntau tshaj 60 hom herons ntawm txawv qhov ntau thiab tsawg. Cov nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv:
- loj dawb;
- dub;
- xiav;
Ntawm no yog ib tug neeg paub zoo heev, nws tsis yooj yim sua kom tsis meej pem nrog lwm tus noog. Cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb suav nrog cov ceg zoo nkauj ntev thiab lub beak nto moo rau nws qhov ntev thiab ncaj, me me luv luv thiab caj dab ntev.
Lawv feem ntau nyob ze dej. Lawv tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv swamps, me me dej ntws, hauv pas dej meadows. Herons sim zam lub reservoirs loj. Cov noog no noj nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev peculiar heev. Lawv cov khoom noj muaj xws li nab, qav, tadpoles, nab, newts, kab loj, kib thiab ntses. Qee hom herons nyiamUa kom koj lub rooj sib txawv nrog nas thiab moles.
Ob lub crane thiab tus heron yog cov noog monogamous, uas yog, lawv tsim ib khub xwb. Tab sis yog tias cov cranes "sib yuav" rau lub neej, ces tus heron tsim ob peb lub caij. Tus txiv neej saib xyuas nws tus khub zoo nkauj heev - gracefully crouches thiab nyem nws beak. Tus txiv neej kuj tseem ua haujlwm feem ntau ntawm kev teeb tsa lub zes. Los ntawm tus poj niam nws tsuas yog yuav tsum tau nteg cov khoom nqa. Herons hatch me nyuam qaib nyob rau hauv lem, thiab nyob rau hauv ib lub clutch muaj peev xwm mus txog 7 qe.
Nyob ntawm hom, tus heron tuaj yeem hnyav txog 2 kg thiab muaj tisspan ntawm 175 cm.
Cranes kuj yog cov noog loj heev. Qhov hnyav ntawm cov noog no tuaj yeem ncav cuag 6 kg, thiab wingspan yog 2.5 meters. Cov xim ntawm cov noog (grey crane) yog xiav-grey, thiab sab nraub qaum yog tsaus dua li lub plab. Cov plaub ntawm ob sab thiab nraub qaum ntawm caj dab yog dawb. Sab saum toj ntawm lub taub hau yog devoid ntawm plumage, tsuas yog cov tawv nqaij liab. Cov paws yog tsaus nti thiab lub beak yog lub teeb grey xim.
Cranes migrate nyob rau hauv pab pawg ntawm txog 400 tus neeg. Cov zaub mov ntawm cov noog yog ntau haiv neeg. Lawv zoo siab noj stems thiab noob, qos yaj ywm, berries thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm ntoo, nplooj, keeb kwm thiab tubers ntawm ntau yam nroj tsuag. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov, lub hom crane diversifies nws cov zaub mov nrog nas, crayfish, worms thiab me noog. Lawv kuj tsis saib tsis taus dragonflies, qwj, kab laug sab thiab beetles thiab lwm yam tsiaj nyob.
Ntxhais Grey yog ib tug noog nyob ntev. Nyob rau hauv hav zoov, lawv nyob tau txog 40 xyoo.
Nqej
Yuav luag tag nws lub neej nqossiv hauv davhlau, tsuas yog qee zaus zaum ntawm qhov chaw so. Muaj ntau ntau hom noog swift-winged no:
- noob nqos;
- rustic;
- ntug nqos.
Cov no tsuas yog hom nto moo tshaj plaws thiab paub. Feem ntau, tsev neeg ntawm swallows muaj txog 80 hom. Txawm hais tias muaj ntau haiv neeg, lawv txhua tus zoo sib xws thiab coj yuav luag tib lub neej. Tag nrho cov swallows yog insectivorous. Lawv noj midges ntau heev, uas pab ib tug neeg ntau heev.
Nyob saum huab cua, cov noog no yog aces tiag. Lawv muaj peev xwm ua tau ntau yam aerobatics, piv txwv li, lub voj tuag. Nyob rau hauv cov huab cua, nqos ua txhua yam: dhia dej, somersault, glide, txawm haus thiab ua luam dej, ya hla dej.
Qhov nthuav tshaj plaws yog ntug nqos, lossis hu ua ntug nqos. Tsis zoo li nws cov kwv tij, nws tsis tsim lub zes, tab sis nyob hauv ib lub qhov. Ntawm ib lub pob zeb ntxhab ze ntawm lub pas dej, cov noog no khawb qhov tob, qee zaum txog li ib thiab ib nrab meters, qhov. Thaum kawg ntawm nws yog ib tug me me extension - lub nesting chamber. Nws yog nyob ntawd tus shorebird ua nws lub zes ntawm cov pas, twigs thiab qhuav nplooj ntawm nyom.
Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws.
Leej twg tsis paub cov noog no, feem ntau nyob rau hauv txoj kab nruab nrab? Muaj ntau tshaj 300 hom nyob rau hauv tsev neeg pigeon. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog heev zoo sib xws rau txhua lwm yam, ntawm chav kawm, yog hais tias peb tshem tawm cov hniav zoo nkauj breeds los ntawm daim ntawv sib piv. Qhov zoo-paub nquab grey yog coj los ua qauv ntawm no. Nws yog nws cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv uas tau ua haujlwm rau cov neeg ua tub txib. Dove yog ib qho ntawm ob pebcov noog uas taug kev zoo li lawv ya. Thiab ntau tus neeg hauv nroog tau dhau los ua neeg tub nkeeg uas lawv coj mus rau saum huab cua tsuas yog thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev.
Tshwj xeeb, tus nquab grey pub nws cov menyuam qaib. Koj puas tau hnov noog cov kua mis? Nws yog hais txog pigeons. Thaum lub sij hawm tus me nyuam qaib yug, ib qho tshuaj hormone tshwj xeeb, prolactin, pib tsim nyob rau hauv pigeon lub hlwb. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov tshuaj no, lub puab nto ntawm tus noog goiter, los yog nws cov mucous daim nyias nyias, pib tsim ib yam khoom tshwj xeeb zoo ib yam li mis nyuj-curd loj. Cov noob Softened noj los ntawm ib tug noog koom nrog nws. Qhov tshwm sim yog cov khoom noj tshwj xeeb sib xyaw, uas yog cov khoom noj rau cov menyuam qaib.
Ib yam tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm pigeons yog nquab. Qee tus ntseeg tias qhov no yog lub npe ntawm tus poj niam nquab. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog. Tsis zoo li tus nquab sizar, tus vaub nquab nquab tsis yog tus neeg nyob hauv nroog tiag. Lawv tshwm sim hauv peb cheeb tsam thaum ntxov lub Tsib Hlis, thiab ya mus rau lub Yim Hli. Lawv nyob feem ntau hauv cov tiaj ua si, copses, teb thiab ntoo thuv hav zoov. Cov zes ntawm cov noog no nyob hauv cov ntoo. Txawm hais tias tag nrho cov nquab tsim lawv lub tsev zoo li casually, vaub kib nquab lub zes, txawm tias nws zoo li muag heev, yog qhov muaj zog heev. Qee lub sij hawm tus nquab tsev ci ntsa iab heev uas koj tuaj yeem pom cov qe pw hauv nws txoj cai ntawm hauv av lossis tshuaj xyuas cov menyuam qaib.
Oriole
Lwm tus neeg paub zoo ntawm cov hav zoov Lavxias yog Oriole. Nws ci daj plumage involuntarily ua rau koj luag ntxhi thiab hnov qhov sov so ntawm lub caij ntuj sov hnub. Oriole tuaj txog thaum kawgTej zaum, thaum txhua yam nyob ib puag ncig pib tig ntsuab. Cov no yog cov noog loj heev, txog 25 cm ntev thiab hnyav 70-75 grams. Tab sis txawm zoo li ib tug noog loj heev yog qhov nyuaj rau pom hauv cov nplooj ntsuab.
Lub zes Oriole kuj tshwj xeeb. Qhov no yog ib hom kev sib sib zog nqus hammock suspended nyob rau hauv lub crown ntawm ib tsob ntoo. Txawm cua daj cua dub npaum li cas los, cov menyuam qaib yeej tsis poob ntawm lub zes, vim nws muaj zog heev, txawm tias zoo nkauj heev.
Lub Oriole feem ntau yog cov kab, npauj npaim thiab kab laug sab. Thaum kawg ntawm lub caij ntuj sov, lawv cov zaub mov muaj ntau haiv neeg los ntawm raspberries, noog cherry, thiab shadberry. Twb tau nyob rau lub Cuaj Hli, cov "hnub ci" ya ib leeg mus rau lub caij ntuj no hauv Africa.
Owl
Nuj Nplhaib yog ib tug noog loj heev. Nws tisspan tuaj yeem ncav cuag ib thiab ib nrab meters. Feem ntau, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm owls muaj xim ocher-liab. Lub plumage ntawm eagle owl muaj cov qauv tshwj xeeb uas tso cai rau nws ya mus ntsiag to kiag li. Nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Russia muaj 5 ntau yam ntawm cov noog no. Tag nrho cov no tau teev nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Liab.
Tus eagle owl nyob ze ntawm kwj ha, swamps thiab hauv hav zoov qub. Koj tuaj yeem paub nws los ntawm ib hom kev luag qus. Lub taub hau loj ntawm cov noog muaj plaub tshwj xeeb "pob ntseg", thiab lub qhov muag puag ncig pom zoo kawg nkaus hauv qhov tsaus ntuj. Eagle owls muaj ib qho tshwj xeeb, tej zaum paub txawm tias cov menyuam yaus. Lawv tuaj yeem tig taub hau ntau li 270 degrees.
Owl is a noog prey. Nws cov zaub mov ib txwm yog squirrels, marmots, nas, chipmunks thiab lwm yam tsiaj me. Txawm nyob rau hauv kev noj haus lawv yuav muaj ntau yam kab thiab, oddly txaus,hedgehogs. Yog ib tug dav dav dav ya saum lub pas dej, nws yuav zoo siab noj qav los yog ntses.
Txawm hais tias tus neeg laus plas tsis muaj yeeb ncuab ntuj, cov menyuam mos tuaj yeem ua tau yooj yim rau tus hma lossis hma. Tab sis ntau dua cov noog no raug kev txom nyem ntawm tib neeg txhais tes. Qhov tseeb yog tias cov noog feem ntau noj cov nas nyob hauv thaj chaw kho nrog "tiv thaiv nas" tshuaj lom. Tau noj tus nas muaj mob, ua npaws, noog tau xyaum tsis muaj txoj sia nyob.
Swan
Hauv nruab nrab Russia, kuj muaj cov noog loj heev. Ntawm migrations, piv txwv li, whooper swan yog heev ntau. Nws winters ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Azov thiab Dub Seas.
Tus swan yog ib tug noog hnyav heev, yog li nws siv nws lub neej feem ntau hauv dej. Lawv zoo ib yam li lawv cov counterparts - me me swans. Txawm tias tseem muaj qhov sib txawv. Nyob rau hauv whoopers, daj ntxoov predominate nyob rau hauv cov xim ntawm lub beak, thiab dub nyob rau hauv me me swans. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho lwm yam lawv zoo sib xws heev. Lub cev ntev yog 1.3-1.7 meters, thiab qhov hnyav tuaj yeem ncav cuag 15 kg. Lawv muaj ob txhais ceg luv thiab lub caj dab ntev zoo nkauj. Lub plumage ntawm whoopers yog dawb, mos thiab sov, nws muaj fluff ntau.
zoo li cranes, swans yog monogamous, mating rau lub neej. Whoopers zes ze lub cev dej thiab tshee hnyo tiv thaiv lawv thaj chaw los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov neeg txawv teb chaws.
Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws
Cov noog me no tshwm sim hauv peb cheeb tsam thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Cov dej khov tseem tsis tau yaj, thiab nyob ze ntawm lub pas dej koj tuaj yeem ntsib cov tsiaj me me tas li co lawv cov tails. ATNyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej, muaj xws li hom wagtails:
- white;
- daj lossis pliska;
- xub nees;
- teb nees;
- meadow pipit.
Tseem muaj ob peb lwm hom skates nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws: steppe, roob, Siberian thiab liab-throated.
Wagtails siv sijhawm feem ntau hauv av. Lawv txawm tsim zes nyob rau hauv cov hauv paus hniav ntawm tsob ntoo, nyob rau hauv ib pawg ntawm brushwood thiab nyom, thiab nyob ze ntawm tib neeg lawv muaj peev xwm nyob rau hauv ib tug barn los yog woodpile. Lawv yuav luag tsis ntshai tib neeg, txawm tias thaum ib tug neeg tshwm los ze ze ze lub zes, lub wagtail tsis tshem tawm, tab sis tseem khiav raws txoj kev, coj kev nyab xeeb ntawm lawv lub tsev.
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, cov noog ntawm Central Russia muaj ntau heev thiab ntau yam. Cov npe ntawm no tsuas yog ib feem me me ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub zos fauna.
