Tank "Merkava 4": duab, tsim, yam ntxwv

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:50

Raws li lub tsheb sib ntaus sib tua tseem ceeb hauv cov tub rog Israeli, Merkava tau ua haujlwm txij li xyoo 1979. Qhov zoo kawg nkaus layout ntawm MBT no tau dhau los ua qhov kev sib cav ntawm ntau tus kws tshaj lij tub rog. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, qhov kev hloov pauv hauv qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov pom ntawm qhov tsim ntawm lub tank. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias thaum lub sij hawm tsim, Israeli riam phom designers coj mus rau hauv tus account tag nrho cov zoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv tactics. Ua haujlwm ntawm Merkava, cov neeg tsim khoom sim muab cov neeg coob nrog kev tiv thaiv siab tshaj plaws. Tsis zoo li feem ntau cov tub rog sib ntaus sib tua tseem ceeb, uas muab qhov sib npaug ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob, kev tiv thaiv thiab kev txav mus los, hauv Israeli MBT, kev tiv thaiv yog qhov tseem ceeb. Rau qhov xav tau ntawm cov tub rog Israeli, lub teb chaws kev lag luam riam phom tsim plaub qhov kev hloov kho ntawm lub tank no. Ib qho nthuav tsim muaj ib tug tshiab version, uas yog teev raws li "Merkava-4". Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev teeb tsa, kev ua tub rog thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus qauv MBT nonthuav tawm hauv kab lus.

Introduction

Lub tank Merkava-4 (duab ntawm cov khoom siv tub rog hauv tsab xov xwm) tau pom thawj zaug los ntawm cov pej xeem nyob rau lub Rau Hli 2002. Txij li xyoo 2003, MBT tau tsim ntau lawm. Raws li tau hais nyob rau hauv lub koom haum American tub rog-kev nom kev tswv lub koom haum Forecast International, ntawm tag nrho cov sib ntaus sib tua tank tsim rau hnub tim, lub Merkava-4 yog ib tug ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Txhais ua Lavxias teb sab - qhov no yog tsov rog chariot. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij tub rog, cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm Israeli MBT yog qhov zoo tshaj rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm German Leopards. Tsis tas li, raws li cov kws tshaj lij, nws zoo dua rau Merkava-4 thiab T 90.

About constructor

Lub Merkava-4 (duab ntawm lub tank sib ntaus sib tua hauv qab) tau tsim los ntawm cov neeg Ixayees tus thawj coj Israel Tal. Thoob plaws hauv nws txoj haujlwm ua tub rog, tus txiv neej no tau tawm tsam ntau qhov chaw. Nws kuj tau coj cov chav kawm tub ceev xwm. Tal nrhiav tau cov tub rog armored ntawm IDF. Tom qab tshuaj xyuas Six Day War thiab Sinai phiaj los nqis tes, Israel Tal tuaj txog qhov xaus tias cov tso tsheb hlau luam hauv kev pabcuam nrog cov tub rog Israeli tsis ua raws li cov cai ntawm lub teb chaws cov lus qhuab qhia ua tub rog. Cov tub rog Israeli xav tau ib lub tsheb tshiab kev sib ntaus sib tua. Hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm MBT, Tal tau coj mus rau hauv tus account nws tus kheej cov kev paub thiab cov kev xav tau ntawm lub tankers.

About Design

Kev tsim ua haujlwm ntawm tus qauv thib plaub tau ua raws li lub hauv paus ntawm Merkava-1 tank. Ib tug tshiab Israeli MBT "Mk-4" tau tsim los ntawm 35 tus kws tshaj lij. Siv nws txoj cai, Ixayees Tal txo qis bureaucratic nuances. Xws li tsis xws li maneuverability thiab firepower, mloog nyob rau hauvua haujlwm me me. Nyob rau hauv lub tank Merkava-4, cov neeg tsim qauv feem ntau tsom rau kev tiv thaiv cov neeg coob. Tal tau npaj los tsim lub tsheb sib ntaus sib tua uas, txawm tias nws ua tsis tiav, yuav tsis coj cov tub rog Israeli txoj sia. Raws li kev txheeb cais, cov neeg ua haujlwm tank tuag vim yog qhov tawg ntawm cov mos txwv. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub Merkava-4, lub mos txwv load yuav tsum tau them kom ruaj ntseg.

Koj xav tau dab tsi los txhim kho?

Kev tsim khoom ntawm Israeli MBT "Merkava-4" yog ua los ntawm kev coj mus rau hauv tus account cov tswv yim tshiab ntawm lub tsev tank. Hauv kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv, siv tshuab casting. Armor fastening yog nqa tawm nrog kev pab los ntawm kev sib txuas tshwj xeeb bolted. Lub Merkava-4 (duab ntawm lub tank sib ntaus sib tua tseem ceeb hauv qab no) muaj kev tswj hwm lub computer tag nrho.

Rau nws txoj kev loj hlob, cov thev naus laus zis tsim tshiab ntawm Israeli gunsmiths tau siv, uas tsis muaj qhov sib piv thoob ntiaj teb. Thawj thawj zaug hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub tsev tank, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm tau qhia hauv lub tank no.

About layout

Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, qhov teeb tsa ntawm Israeli tank qauv no muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tsheb sib tw zoo sib xws uas tsim hauv Asmeskas thiab Europe.

Sab pem hauv ntej ntawm Merkava-4 tau dhau los ua qhov chaw rau kev tswj hwm, lub hauv paus rau kev sib ntaus sib tua, thiab sab nraub qaum rau lub cav- kis tau tus mob. Nyob rau hauv kev rau siab los muab cov neeg coob nrog kev tiv thaiv ntxiv, Israeli designers tso lub cav nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub tank. Kev txiav txim siab tsim qauv zoo sib xwsyog ib qho kev ntsuas yuam kev, txij li feem ntau ntawm cov plhaub feem ntau ntaus rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub tank, thiab qhov MBT cheeb tsam no yuav tsum tau muaj kev ntseeg siab ntxiv.

About the tower

Lub tank Merkava Mk-4 tau nruab nrog lub turret hloov tshiab nrog cov cuab yeej tshiab tag nrho. Lawv npog lub ru tsev, sab thiab frontal ib feem. Tsis zoo li yav dhau los versions ntawm MBT, nyob rau hauv lub Merkava Mk-4, tus thawj coj lub hatch yog loj thiab muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb hluav taws xob mechanism uas nws yog qhib thiab kaw. Qhov ntxiv hatch siv los ntawm lub loader raug tshem tawm hauv MBT qauv no. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tsim ntawm Merkava-4, tus pej thuam yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov txheej txheem txheej txheem. Nyob rau sab xis muaj ib qho chaw rau kev txhim kho lub tshuab rab phom, uas koj tuaj yeem tua 360 degrees. Sab saum toj ntawm lub turret yog nruab nrog cov pa luam yeeb grenade cassettes.

About phom

Mk-4 muaj 120mm rab phom smoothbore. Vim nws muaj peev xwm tiv taus siab, nws tau los ua kom muaj zog hluav taws xob tawg tawg tawg tawg. Siv cov mos txwv zoo li no, tus thawj coj ntawm pab pawg, nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj kev sib ntaus sib tua, tuaj yeem ua haujlwm rau rab phom them. Cov phom yog nruab nrog ib qho hluav taws kub-insulating casing, uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov hluav taws kub. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub thawv no tiv thaiv kev hnav phom.

Lub tank yog nruab nrog rab phom tshuab 7.62 hli thiab 60 hli mortar tshiab. Tom qab lub armored muab faib nyob rau hauv lub MBT muaj ib qho chaw rau ib tug tshwj xeeb semi-automatic ntaus ntawv lub luag hauj lwm rau loading.cuab yeej. Lub tshuab muaj lub nruas fais fab, tsim rau 10 lub plhaub. Lawv raug xa mus rau lub tanker txiav. Qhov seem 38 muaj nyob rau hauv lub thawv tshwj xeeb tiv thaiv. Cov kev ceev faj zoo li no tau raug coj los ntawm cov neeg tsim qauv los tiv thaiv lub foob pob tawg hauv Mk-4. Ua tsaug rau kev tswj hwm tshwj xeeb, nws muaj peev xwm ua tau nws pib taug qab ntawm lub hom phiaj. Lub kaw lus yog sawv cev los ntawm kev txhim kho TV thiab thermal imaging channels. Rau cov neeg tua phom thiab tus thawj coj ntawm pab pawg, kev siv cov kev ruaj ntseg ruaj ntseg yog muab.

Hais txog lub cav thiab kis tau tus mob

Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, 4 tus qauv ntawm Merkava siv lub tshuab fais fab, cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tshuab ntawm Israeli MBTs thaum ntxov. Lub cav fais fab ntsuas hauv Mk-4 yog tsawg kawg yog 1500 hp. nrog. Chav tsev nws tus kheej tau txhim kho qhov loj-dimensional tsis thiab roj efficiency. Kev txhim kho tau cuam tshuam rau turbocharging system. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, cov roj thiab cov kua dej txias ntawm cov pistons hauv Merkava-4 yog khaus ntau dua. Lub hwj chim mov system yog nruab nrog ib tug neeg roj twj tso kua mis. Cov roj mov hauv lub tank tuaj yeem hloov kho.

Los ntawm kev nthuav qhia lub lauj kaub roj ntau dua thiab cov roj av ntxiv rau hauv MBT, cov neeg tsim qauv Israeli tau tswj kom ua tiav lub cav ua haujlwm ib txwm nrog txhua lub tsheb sib tw. Kev tswj hwm ntawm cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob hauv Merkava-4 yog computerized - tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog tau tso tawm rau ntawm tus neeg tsav tsheb saib.

Tus qauv thib 4 muaj tsib-ceev tsis siv neeg hydromechanical kis tau tus mob siv lub tshuab hydrostatic slewing. Nws yog tsim los ntawm German tuam txhab Renk.

About tiv thaiv "Trophy"

Raws li cov kws tshaj lij tub rog, kev tiv thaiv nquag ntawm Merkava-4, uas nws cov yam ntxwv raug suav tias yog kev hloov pauv los ntawm ntau tus kws tshaj lij hauv ntiaj teb hauv kev tsim tsheb armored, yog kev txaus siab ntawm Israeli engineering. Lub tsheb sib ntaus sib tua nruab nrog cov kab ke no muaj peev xwm tshawb pom, taug qab thiab rhuav tshem cov niaj hnub tiv thaiv tank missile los ntawm qhov ntev. Tsim "Trophy" hauv Ixayees. Nyob rau hauv lub 80s, ib tug zoo xws li system twb ntsia nyob rau hauv Soviet tso tsheb hlau luam. Muaj kev xav tias Israeli "Trophy" yog ib qho ntawm cov kev txhim kho ntawm Soviet systems.

About accessories

Tiv thaiv tus thawj coj ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tank, cov neeg tsim khoom nruab rau sab hauv ntawm Merkava-4 nrog lub turret tshwj xeeb. Hauv kev sib zog los pab txhawb cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tswj hwm MBT, cov neeg tsim qauv tau nruab lub tank hull nrog plaub lub koob yees duab video, cov duab los ntawm qhov uas tau tshwm sim ntawm tus neeg tsav tsheb lub vijtsam. Kev txiav txim los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov tub rog, qhov zoo ntawm daim duab ntawm lub vijtsam tsis nyob ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm hnub. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib qho kev tshwj xeeb yog muab rau lub tank Israeli, uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev tua hluav taws tsis siv neeg. Hauv kev sib zog los tiv thaiv qhov qis ntawm Merkava-4 los ntawm tes tuav los tiv thaiv lub tank grenades, Israeli riam phom engineers tau teeb tsa ntau lub saw nrog cov khoom ntawm lub turret ntawm lub tsheb sib ntaus sib tua. Lub maneuvering ntawm lub tank nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nqaim ua tau ua tsaug rau covtus pin tshwj xeeb.

Hais txog cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm

• Merkava-4 yog lub ntsiab sib ntaus sib tua tank.
• Nyhav MBT: 65 t.
• Cov neeg sib ntaus sib tua muaj 4 tus neeg.
• Tag nrho qhov ntev ntawm lub tank nrog phom: 904 cm.
• Case ntev: 760 cm
• Tank qhov siab: 266 cm
• av clearance: 53 cm
• MBT "Merkava-4" muaj peev xwm txav ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 65 km / h.
• Roj ntau: 500 km.
• Lub tank muaj peev xwm kov yeej cov kwj deg, qhov dav tsis tshaj 3 m thiab ford 138 cm tob.
• Lub tsheb sib ntaus sib tua yog nruab nrog cov hlau cam, spaced modular, projectile thiab anti-cumulative armor.
• Raws li riam phom, MBT tau nruab nrog cov qauv, ua ke 120 mm MG253 smoothbore tank phom thiab coaxial MAG anti-aircraft tshuab rab phom, caliber 7, 62 mm, as well as 60 mm mortar.
• Nyob rau hauv "Merkava-4" cov phom tua phom yog ua los ntawm cov mos txwv nrog ib feem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kub hnyiab.
• MBT yog nruab nrog lub laser rangefinder pom nrog lub thermal imager.
• Lub tsheb sib ntaus sib tua yog nruab nrog 12-lub tog raj kheej plaub-stroke dej-txias diesel cav GD 83.
• Lub roj tank ntawm lub tank yog tsim rau 1400 liters roj.
• Lub peev xwm: 1500 horsepower.

About rearmament

Hauv cov tub rog Israeli, "Merkava MK-4" tau siv txij li xyoo 2004 los ua lub tsheb loj loj. Thawj zaug hauv xyoo 2005, 401st tub rog ntawm Israeli cov tub rog ib txwm raug xa mus rau cov tso tsheb hlau luam no. AT2013 lub 7th brigade tau rov nruab. Los ntawm lub sij hawm no, kev hloov tsheb sib ntaus sib tua kuj cuam tshuam rau cov chaw cia. Kev sib ntaus sib tua uas muaj cov tso tsheb hlau luam tshiab tso cai rau cov kws tshaj lij tub rog los kos qee cov lus xaus txog kev ua tau zoo ntawm MBTs thiab kho kom zoo dua qub.

About Ci ntsa iab

Raws li kev tsim kho tshiab, Israeli engineers tau tsim cov qauv txhim kho ntawm lub tank. Hauv cov ntaub ntawv thev naus laus zis, cov cuab yeej ua tub rog tshiab tau teev npe ua Merkava Mk-4 Barak Zoner, uas txhais tau tias "ci ntsa iab". Simplified - BAZ. Rau lub tank, lub tuam txhab Israeli Elbit Ltd tau tsim kho qhov kev tswj xyuas hluav taws. Kev taw qhia txog qhov system no ua rau nws ua tau rau cov phiaj xwm raug rho tawm haujlwm los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua armored tsheb kom ua raws li lub hom phiaj. Yog li ntawd, qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev rhuav tshem lub hom phiaj twb los ntawm thawj zaug txhaj tshuaj nce ntxiv. Ntxiv rau qhov complex, tus thawj coj lub panoramic optics txuas nrog. Raws li cov chaw tsim khoom ntawm kev hloov kho hluav taws xob tswj qhov system (FCS), cov ntawv luv BAZ yog siv tsis tau rau 4th qauv ntawm Merkava. Qhov kev xaiv no yuav raug siv rau txhua tus qauv ntawm cov tsheb armored nrog FCS.

Israel Self-Defense Forces ua haujlwm rau cov neeg tsim riam phom nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm nqa lub tank mus txog qib BAZ. Modernization tau pib nrog "Merkava-4". Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, 400 MBT units ntawm tus qauv no tau raug txhim kho. Txhawm rau ua kom tau raws li qib BAZ, lub tank yuav tsum tau nruab nrog lub tshuab tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv tshiab (SAZB). Kev txhim kho ntawm cov complexes hauv tanks pib hauvXyoo 1999. Ob lub tshuab tau sim: IMI thiab Rafael. Thaum pib ntawm serial zus tau tej cov Merkava-4, ib tug thib peb version ntawm lub SAZB tshwm sim - Trophy. Txawm li cas los xij, kev nyuaj nyiaj txiag hauv lub tebchaws tau tiv thaiv kev tsim kho ntxiv ntawm qhov kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv no. Thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom loj, Mk-4 Trophy tseem tsis tau tiav. Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg tsim qauv Israeli tau muab rau qhov muaj peev xwm txhim kho SAZB no yav tom ntej.

Engineers xaiv rau ASPRO nquag tiv thaiv kab ke. Lub installation ntawm SAZB yog nqa tawm ob qho tib si ntawm Mk-4 thiab ntawm cov qauv thaum ntxov. Thawj 30 lub tso tsheb hlau luam tau hloov kho mus rau qib BAZ tau npaj rau xyoo 2009. Feem ntau ntawm cov tsheb armored tau ua tiav hauv xyoo 2010. Xyoo 2011, kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev txhim kho MBT tau ua tiav.

Hais txog Israeli tsheb sib ntaus sib tua LIC

Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, Merkava-4 tso tsheb hlau luam (duab ntawm cov qauv no ntawm Israeli OTB hauv tsab xov xwm), tau hloov kho mus rau qib BAZ, tau dhau los ua haujlwm zoo hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv nroog. Tus qauv hloov kho thib 4 tau muaj npe LIC. Nws tau tsim los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm Merkava Mark-4 tank. Nyob rau hauv ib lub nroog tank, Israeli gunsmiths txiav txim siab tsis mus rau nruab ib tug qauv ib txwm siv lub tshuab rab phom, caliber 7, 62 hli, nyob rau hauv lub turret. MK-4 daim ntawv tso cai yog nruab nrog 12.7 HLI Riam phom, tus tua hluav taws, yog li ntawd cov artillery feem ntawm cov riam phom tsis tuaj yeem siv.

Txij thaum siv rab phom tank hauv nroog tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij tseem ceeb rau pej xeem, riam phom tseem ceeb hauv cov xwm txheej no.cas tsis siv. Cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsheb sib tsoo armored siv lub chaw taws teeb tswj hluav taws xob module. Nyob rau hauv lub tank qauv no, txhua qhov chaw uas muaj peev xwm rau me me caj npab thiab fragmentation grenades muaj kev ntseeg siab tiv thaiv los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb hlau mesh. Nws yog tsim los tiv thaiv cov khoom siv kho qhov muag thiab qhov cua, nrog rau cov chaw nres nkoj lub cev muaj zog.

txhawm rau khaws cov asph alt nto hauv nroog, cov qauv ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua armored tsheb yog nruab nrog cov khau tshwj xeeb kab ntsig. Kev pom tsis zoo thiab hmo ntuj tsis tiv thaiv kev ua tiav ntawm Mk-4 LIC hla lub nroog. Yog tias tsim nyog, cov neeg ua haujlwm tuaj yeem siv LED optics. Xyoo 2006, kev ua tub rog tawm tsam Hezbollah tau siv cov tsheb tub rog no.

About tsheb modeling

Ntau yam ntawm cov qauv sib txawv ntawm cov tub rog armored tsheb tau nthuav tawm ntawm cov rhawv ntawm cov khw tshwj xeeb rau cov neeg siv khoom uas nyiam ua qauv. Kev txiav txim los ntawm ntau qhov kev tshuaj xyuas zoo, cov khoom lag luam ntawm South Kauslim lub tuam txhab "Academy" yog nrov heev. Lub sib sau ua ke Merkava-4 yog 1:35 scale yas version ntawm Israeli tank. Tag nrho qhov ntev ntawm tus qauv yog 248 mm. Cov khoom siv los nrog:

• Tshwj xeeb thav duab hauv tus nqi ntawm 7 daim.
• Stickers.
• Vinyl tracks.
• Cov lus qhia ntxaws ua lus Askiv.
• Ib lub tswv yim tshwj xeeb uas tau pom zoo siv thaum pleev xim rau lub tank uas tau sib sau ua ke.

kua nplaum thiab pleev ximcov khoom tsis suav nrog. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus tswv tseem yuav tau txais cov qauv riam, koob ntaub ntawv, hlau txiav thiab lub lens tshwj xeeb qauv.

In xaus

Tiv thaiv nws cov ciam teb thiab kev ywj pheej los ntawm kev ua phem ntawm cov neeg phem, Israel raug yuam kom tawm tsam. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam, lub xeev yuav tsum tsim kho nws cov tub rog thiab tub rog-kev lag luam complex. Niaj hnub no, raws li cov kws tshaj lij, cov tub rog Israeli yog ib tus neeg muaj zog tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb.