M1 carbine: piav qhia, chaw tsim khoom, cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm, caliber, tsim thiab tua ntau yam

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:57

Ib qho piv txwv nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm Asmeskas riam phom yog thiab tseem yog M1 carbine. Nws yog nws uas tau siv ntau heev los ntawm cov phoojywg thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob. Ntau tus neeg tsis meej pem M1 carbine nrog Garand, tab sis nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tam sim ntawd tias cov no yog ob rab phom sib txawv kiag li.

History of Creation

Txawm tias thaum kawg ntawm 30s, ib qho kev xav tau tshwm sim ntawm Asmeskas cov kws tshaj lij hais tias cov tub rog thib ob (artillerymen, tankmen thiab lwm cov tub rog thiab cov tub ceev xwm uas tsis koom nrog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua infantry) xav tau riam phom zoo. Ua ntej ntawd, rab yaj phom zoo tib yam yog riam phom txheem. Alas, rab yaj phom tsis zoo hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua tiag tiag vim qhov tseeb qis thiab luv luv.

Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsis yooj yim rau lawv siv phom puv puv vim lawv qhov ntev. Tias yog vim li cas qhov kev nyiam tau muab rau carbines - txhim khu kev qha, siv tau yooj yim, ntev-ntau thiab tib lub sijhawm compact.

Nws tag nrho pib nrog kev tsim cov cartridge tshiab. Los ntawm kev txiav txim los ntawm tsoomfwv, Winchester cov kws tshaj lij tau tsim daim cartridge 7.62 x 33 mm, lossis, los ntawm Asmeskas cov qauv,.30. mos txwvmuab tau zoo heev. Qee tus txawm hu nws nruab nrab, txawm hais tias nws tsis meej meej tsis muaj zog rau qhov no.

Hauv xyoo 1938, cov khoom sib thooj tau tsim rau daim cartridge no. Tau kawg, peb tab tom tham txog Asmeskas M1 carbine.

Key Features

Outwardly, nws yog qhov txawv ntawm elegance, sophistication thiab txawm tias zoo nkauj - nws zoo nkaus li zoo li riam phom tua tsiaj ntau dua li kev sib ntaus sib tua. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas qhov hnyav ntawm cov carbine tsis muaj cartridges tsuas yog 2.36 kilograms - ntau dua li rab phom Thompson submachine, uas tseem suav tias yog riam phom loj rau tankers thiab phom.

Sab nraud, M1 carbine thiab "Garand" zoo ib yam. "Garand" - rab phom loj siv los ntawm US infantry thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob.

Cov carbine muaj qhov hnyav dua thiab qhov ntev. Nws tau siv tau zoo hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab nruab nrab, txawm tias nyob rau hauv txhais tes ntawm tsis yog cov neeg tua neeg uas muaj kev paub ntau tshaj plaws, muaj kev ntseeg siab rau kev ntaus lub hom phiaj tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau rab yaj phom thiab rab phom submachine

Tag nrho ntev yog 904mm. Yog tias koj ntsuas qhov hloov pauv hloov M1A1, ces qhov ntev ntawm tus qauv tsuas yog 648 millimeters. Thawj qhov ceev ntawm cov mos txwv tsis siab dhau - 600 meters. Txawm li cas los xij, rau qhov nruab nrab tus neeg tua neeg uas tsis lees tias yog sniper, qhov no tau ua kom txaus txaus.

Ob hom ntawv lub thawv tau siv rau kev pub mis - rau 15 thiab 30 rounds - tom kawg tshwm sim xyoo 1944.

Ntxiv rau qhov no yog ib qho cuab yeej yooj yim heev uas muab tus nqi qis thiab sib dhos yooj yim.

Nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias M1 carbine riam phom, uas tau tsim tsuas yog plaub xyoos (los ntawm 1941 txog 1945), tau dhau los ua ntau dua - ntau dua 6 lab units tau tsim. Tom qab ntawd, lawv tau siv tsis tau tsuas yog los ntawm US Army, tab sis kuj los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm ntau lub teb chaws - American, European thiab Asian. Peb yuav tham txog qhov no me ntsis tom qab.

Device

Thaum tsim riam phom tshiab, cov neeg tsim qauv tau paub zoo tias nws feem ntau yuav poob rau hauv tes ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis muaj kev paub dhau los uas tsis tuaj yeem tua. Yog li ntawd, lub ntsiab tseem ceeb yog nyob rau simplicity. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov no tso cai tsis tau tsuas yog ua kom muaj kev ntseeg siab, tab sis kuj txo tus nqi.

Tseeb tiag, lub carbine tau txais lub cav roj nrog lub luv luv luv luv - tsuas yog 8 millimeters. Thaum raug rho tawm haujlwm, qhov seem ntawm cov roj hluav taws xob cuam tshuam rov qab rau tus neeg nqa khoom, tshem tawm cov ntaub ntawv cartridge thiab tam sim pub ib daim cartridge tshiab rau hauv lub thoob.

Tus txhais mechanism, zoo li txhua yam phom sij ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, tau siv qhov ua rau. Thawj cov qauv muaj ib qho kev thawb-khawm fuse. Tom qab nias, nws tsuas thaiv lub sear thiab tus txhais, tiv thaiv kev txhaj tshuaj los ntawm kev raug rho tawm haujlwm txawm tias riam phom raug poob los yog ntaus. Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg tuaj tshiab feem ntau tsis meej pem nrog lub khw muag khoom khawm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vim lawv nyob ze. Yog li ntawd, tom qab ntawd, lub laub-khawm kev nyab xeeb tau hloov los ntawm lub zog.

Yuav luag txhua qhov chaw tau ua los ntawm cov khoom siv hlau txiav ntau tshaj plaws. Kev tsis lees paub tshwj xeeb high-precision riam phom tshuab tso caitxo nqi loj. Cov tub rog Asmeskas tau them cov tuam txhab tsuas yog $ 45 rau txhua tus carbine! Rau kev sib piv, rab phom M1 Garand raug nqi $ 85, qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws Colt rab yaj phom $ 12, thiab phom loj Thompson submachine phom $ 209.

Tom qab ntawd, cov cuab yeej tau hloov pauv me ntsis - xyoo 1944 muaj qhov chaw rau nruab ib rab phom-hniav. Raws li nws tau muab tawm, tsis zoo li cov kev kwv yees ntawm cov kws tshaj lij, kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm tes tsis yog txhua yam ntawm yav dhau los, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum ntxuav tsev thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv nroog. Yog li ntawd, ib tug tub rog uas muaj ib tug ntev riam phom nrog ib tug bayonet nyob rau hauv nws txhais tes pom nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau zoo txoj hauj lwm tshaj nws tus nrog sib ntaus, uas tau raug yuam kom sib ntaus nrog ib tug yooj yim riam. Tsis tas li ntawd, M8 phom grenade launchers raug ntsia rau ntawm qee qhov carbines.

Cov neeg tsim khoom loj tshaj

Thaum tsov rog, cov carbine tau tsim los ntawm peb lub tuam txhab ntiag tug loj: Winchester, IBM, Rock-Ola. Txawm li cas los xij, xyoo 1945, nrog rau qhov kawg ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 2, kev tsim khoom tau tso tseg.

Tab sis hauv kev lag luam ntiag tug - ntawm cov neeg yos hav zoov thiab tua neeg - yeej ib txwm muaj kev thov rau cov riam phom zoo li no thiab pheej yig. Yog lawm, thiab ntau tus qub tub rog uas rov qab los ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog tau zoo siab yuav khoom pov thawj, paub txog carbine.

YCivilian manufacturers

Lub baton tau tam sim ntawd los ntawm ntau lub tuam txhab, tsis yog loj: Springfield Armory, Auto-Ordnance thiab Howa Machinery Company Ltd. Tsis tas li ntawd, daim ntawv tso cai tau yuav los ntawm lub tuam txhab Italian Chiappa Firearms. Qee cov amateurs tiag tiag ntseeg tias tib yam riam phom tau tsim nyob rau hauv Czech koom pheej, tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ib tug me ntsis hloov lub npe - carbine cz 527 m1. Tiag tiagNyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag, ntawm chav kawm, qhov no tsis yog li ntawd. Qhov sib koom ua ke ntawm ob lub carbines sib txawv kiag li tsuas yog qhov sib xws me ntsis hauv kev kos npe. Los ntawm kev saib ntawm lub cuab yeej thiab tsuas yog sib piv cov tsos, koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas qhov no yooj yim.

Qhov twg siv riam phom

Tau kawg, lub tebchaws tseem ceeb uas cov carbines tau siv yog Tebchaws Meskas. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tub rog ntawm lwm lub xeev, ob leeg koom nrog thiab tsis zoo, tau paub nws.

Piv txwv li, kwv yees li 25 txhiab carbines raug xa mus rau UK raws li qhov kev pab qiv qiv nyiaj. Ze li ntawm 100,000 tseem raug coj mus rau Fabkis los txhawb cov tub rog tawm tsam hauv zos.

Ntau yam riam phom uas raug ntes tau poob rau hauv tes ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Thib Peb Reich, qhov chaw uas lawv txuas ntxiv siv lawv los ntawm lub npe Selbstladekarabiner 455. Los ntawm txoj kev, tom qab, thaum Bundeswehr tau tsim, Tebchaws Meskas. tau muab ntau tshaj 34 txhiab phom rau Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws koom pheej ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees. Semi-automatic M1s tau hu ua G54, thaum tsis siv neeg M2s tau muab G55.

riam phom kuj tau muab rau lwm lub tebchaws. Piv txwv li, PRC tau txais txog 300 units thaum Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II, thiab tom qab ntawd yuav luag 116,000 ntxiv ntawm 1951 thiab 1968, thaum lub carbine raug tshem tawm ntawm kev pabcuam hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Nyiv tau txais qee lub xyoo tom qab tsov rog.

Norway tau dhau los ua tus neeg siv khoom loj. Kev pab tub rog tau muab rau xyoo tom qab tsov rog suav nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm yuav luag 100,000 M1 thiab M2 carbines.

Thaum kawg, kwv yees li ib txhiab units tau yuav los ntawm Panama, qhov chaw lawv tau ua haujlwm txog xyoo 1989.

Muaj riam phom sib kis thoob ntiaj tebmuab nws ib co notoriety. Yog lawm, thiab cov carbines no tau siv ntau yam kev tsis sib haum xeeb - txij li Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II mus rau kev tsov rog hauv Kauslim Teb, Nyab Laj thiab Malaya.

Cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb

Vim li cas cov carbine "Carbine M1" tau txais koob meej li no? Yog tias tsuas yog vim nws yeej muaj qee qhov kev tsim txiaj tseem ceeb, muaj nuj nqis heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum xyoo tsov rog.

Raws li tau hais los saum toj no, tsoomfwv Meskas tau txaus siab rau tus nqi qis kawg nkaus. Zoo, cov tub rog zoo tib yam nyiam qhov tseeb tias riam phom tau ua kom yooj yim heev. Ntawm qhov tod tes, qhov no tau ua kom muaj kev ntseeg siab - cov carbine tsis tso tseg ua haujlwm vim muaj cov xuab zeb uas tau poob rau hauv lub tshuab. Ntawm qhov tod tes, tib qhov yooj yim ua tau yooj yim rau cov txheej txheem ntawm kev paub txog riam phom.

Tus nqi hluav taws kub tau dhau los ua qhov hnyav ntxiv. Qhov no tau ua pov thawj tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thaum sib ntaus sib tua ntawm qhov deb thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv txoj kev nqaim thiab chav.

Qhov me me ua rau nws tuaj yeem yooj yim thauj nws hauv cov tso tsheb hlau luam thiab cov tsheb thauj khoom - nws tsis khi rau ib yam dab tsi, uas ua rau nws tuaj yeem dhia tawm ntawm lub cab mus rau kev sib ntaus sib tua.

Cov cartridge tsis muaj zog muab qhov xav tsis thoob qhov muag muag thiab, raws li, qhov tseeb siab. Muaj tseeb tiag, feem ntau ntawm kev ncua deb. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tsheb thauj khoom thiab cov neeg tua phom tsis tshua muaj hluav taws kub nyob deb - qhov no tsis yog lawv qhov tshwj xeeb.

Tab sis feem ntau, cov tub rog nyiam qhov hnyav ntawm riam phom tshiab. Los ntawm nws tus kheej, lub carbine hnyav 2.4 kg, thiab nrog ib phau ntawv xov xwm rau 15 rounds - 2.6 kg. RauKev sib piv - niaj hnub yos hav zoov carbine "Saiga" M 7 62x39 Spanish M1 yam tsis muaj cartridges hnyav 3.6 kilograms, pov thawj PPSh tsis muaj phau ntawv xov xwm - 3.5, thiab paub zoo German MP-38 nrog cartridges - yuav luag 5 kilograms! Tab sis ib tug tub rog yuav tsum nqa riam phom nyob txhua qhov chaw thiab ib txwm. Yog li ntawd lub teeb yuag yog ib tug qab ntxiag surprise.

Ntxiv mus, M1 carbine zoo ib yam li Garand phom - tsis tas yuav rov qhia cov neeg tua rog uas hloov ntawm ib qho riam phom mus rau lwm qhov.

Tam sim no shortcomings

Ib qho ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov carbine yog ib daim cartridge tsis ua tiav. Es tsis muaj zog, nws tsis tso cai tua hluav taws ntawm qhov deb ntawm ntau tshaj 250 meters. Yog lawm, feem ntau nws tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb, tab sis tseem, rau cov carbine puv puv, qhov no yog qhov sib ntaus sib tua me me heev.

Kuj, ntawm qhov kub qis, raws li nws tau tawm thaum lub sijhawm sib ntaus sib tua, txawm tias qhov yooj yim automation feem ntau ua tsis tau.

Kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, kwv yees li kaum ob qhov kev hloov kho tau tsim los rau niaj hnub no thaum xyoo ua tsov rog. Wb tham txog qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws.

Piv txwv li, M1A1 tau tsim tshwj xeeb rau cov chav nyob hauv huab cua thiab tsis yog nrog ntoo, tab sis nrog lub pob tw hlau. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, txog 150 txhiab ntawm cov units tau tsim.

M1A2 tau txais kev hloov kho pom, tab sis tsis tau mus rau hauv kev tsim khoom. Tib txoj hmoo tau tshwm sim rau M1A3, uas tau txais kev hloov kho folding Tshuag.

Tab sis M2, tso tawm xyoo 1944, tuaj ua ke. Tsis zoo li tus thawj carbine, nws muajmuaj peev xwm ua tau hluav taws kub tsis siv neeg. Vim tias qhov hluav taws kub nce ntxiv, cov ntawv xov xwm tshiab 30-round tau nrawm nrawm tsim thiab tso tawm. Heev raws sij hawm - kev sib ntaus sib tua rau German nroog tau brewing, thiab lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsis siv neeg hloov mus ua ib qho tseem ceeb heev thaum ntes thiab tshem tawm qhov chaw. Lub carbine kuj tau pom qhov hluav taws kub zoo heev - txog li 750 rounds ib feeb.

Lub M3 carbine tuaj yeem hu ua qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo nkauj. Nws txawv ntawm M2 los ntawm qhov muaj cov mounts uas tso cai rau kev teeb tsa ntawm qhov pom infrared, nrog rau cov nplaim taws tshem tau. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, kwv yees li 3 txhiab units tau tsim. Tau kawg, kev siv cov carbine ua riam phom sniper yog qhov kev txiav txim siab tsis sib haum xeeb, tab sis kev xav txawv ntawm no.

Kev hloov pauv pej xeem

M1 Tus Neeg Tiv Thaiv yog thawj qhov kev hloov kho pej xeem. Cov kws tshaj lij tshem tawm cov khoom lag luam thiab tseem txo qis lub thoob, tsim ib yam dab tsi uas tsis nkag siab, tab sis funny heev.

tuam txhab ntiag tug LSI Citadel tau pab nrog ob qhov kev hloov kho tshiab: Citadel M1 Carbine Ciadel M1-22. Thawj yog npaj rau kev siv nrog 9 x 19 cartridge, qhov tseem ceeb hloov mus rau hauv rab phom submachine. Thiab rau qhov thib ob lawv tau siv cov cartridge ntau heev.22LR.

Zoo kawg

Peb tsab xov xwm yuav los xaus. Hauv nws, peb sim tham txog M1 carbine, keeb kwm ntawm nws cov creation, qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. Thiab tib lub sijhawm, koj tau kawm txog cov kev hloov pauv uas nthuav tshaj plaws ntawm qhov kev paub dav dav no.