Rau qhov kev lag luam niaj hnub no, kev lag luam ntawm kev tsim khoom yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev sib txuas. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev muab cov lag luam nrog cov peev txheej tsim nyog. Ntxiv rau hauv tsab xov xwm, peb yuav xav txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua lag luam rau kev tsim khoom thiab nws cov yam ntxwv.
cov ntaub ntawv dav dav
Kev lag luam txhais tau tias ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab peev yog qhov nyuaj ntawm kev sib raug zoo uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm kev muag khoom thiab kev yuav khoom thiab kev pab cuam.
Txhim kho lub logistics system muab rau kev maj mam tsis lees txais cov peev nyiaj hauv nruab nrab thiab kev sib txuas ntawm cov neeg siv khoom rau cov tuam txhab thiab cov neeg muag khoom. Hloov chaw, muaj kev hloov pauv mus rau kev lag luam dawb.
Kev ua lag luam rau kev tsim khoom yog qhov kev sib txuas ntawm kab rov tav uas muaj lub hom phiaj ntawm kev lag luam. Nws yog raws li kev sib tw.
Kev ua haujlwm
Kev lag luam rau kev tsim khoom yog tsim thiab txhim kho raws li lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev lag luam thiabtsim tawm autonomy. Rau qhov no koj xav tau:
- Denationalization.
- Tsim thiab txhim kho cov khoom lag luam tsim nyog.
Xeem muab:
- Kev lag luam thiab kev ua haujlwm nruab nrab.
- Kev pabcuam hauv kev muag khoom.
- Muab cov ntaub ntawv txhawb nqa. Qhov no, tshwj xeeb, yog hais txog kev kawm txog kev muab khoom thiab kev thov, kev sib tham raws cai, kev tshawb fawb thiab kev sib tham.
- Muab kev pabcuam tsim khoom: kho, txhim kho, tswj kom zoo, tsim khoom.
- khoom xa tuaj raws sijhawm.
- Kev muab kev pab cuam qiv nyiaj thiab nyiaj txiag daws teeb meem.
- Muab kev pab them nqi xauj tsev, leasing.
Txhawm rau siv tag nrho cov haujlwm no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tsim kom muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov neeg nruab nrab. Cov no suav nrog cov khw muag khoom, muag khoom / kev pabcuam, chaw muag khoom, thiab kev sib pauv khoom muag.
Ntxiv rau, koj yuav tsum muab:
- Kev ywj pheej rau kev lag luam ua yeeb yam.
- kev txhawb nqa kev cai lij choj.
- Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov neeg koom ua lag luam rau cov txiaj ntsig ntawm lawv cov haujlwm.
- Tus nqi pub dawb.
- High theem ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim nyog.
Kev hloov mus rau kev lag luam
Yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua lag luam:
- Tsim kev tswj hwm.
- Denationalization ntawm kev lag luam, tsim ntawm kab rov tav ties.
Dhau li ntawm qhov no, txhua qhov kev lag luam yuav tsum raug tshem tawm. Kev ua lag luam rau kev tsim khoom (hauv zoskev lag luam lossis kev lag luam hauv cheeb tsam) koom nrog kev muag khoom ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev. Piv txwv li, lub Hoobkas tuaj yeem muag cov ntaub ntawv ncaj qha ncaj qha rau cov neeg siv khoom, cov khoom tsis txaus tuaj yeem muab faib ua ib feem los ntawm cov neeg nruab nrab, lossis tag nrho cov ntim ntawm cov khoom tuaj yeem muag hauv ntau.
Cov theem hauv qab no ntawm kev tsim cov khoom lag luam peev yog qhov txawv:
- Beginner.
- Main (lub ntsiab).
- Final.
khoom
Nws ua raws li ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom lag luam niaj hnub no. Raws li kev xam pom, theem ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tswj cov khoom lag luam yuav tsum tau nce 30-35% tsawg kawg. Lub lagging qab ntawm ntu no cuam tshuam kev muab cov qauv ib txwm muaj thiab ntim ntawm cov khoom khaws cia hauv thaj tsam ntawm kev lag luam hauv tebchaws. Tam sim no, feem ntau (kwv yees li 80%) ntawm cov peev txheej yog nrog cov neeg siv khoom. Txhawm rau kho qhov teeb meem no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau txhim kho cov khoom siv thiab kev siv lub hauv paus.
Txoj kev ntawm thawj theem
Thaum thawj theem ntawm kev tsim ntawm kev lag luam ntawm kev tsim khoom txhais tau tias, cov khoom siv yog saturated. Nws yog nqa tawm los ntawm kev faib tawm pej xeem lossis hauv chav kawm ntawm kev lag luam hauv lub moj khaum ntawm kev sib tw ntshiab hauv kev lag luam hauv zos.
Cov khoom lag luam peev suav nrog:
- Kev Muag Khoom Muag Khoom.
- Supply bases.
- Leasing tuam txhab uas muag.
- Nyob.
- khw muag khoom tshwj xeeb.
- Fairs.
- khoom muag.
Nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam ntawm kev tsim khoom, thaj chaw, cheeb tsam, cov koom pheej ywj pheej tuaj yeem tuav lawv ntu. Rau qhov no, cov ntaub ntawv uas twb muaj lawm thiab kev siv lub hauv paus (warehouses, khw) yog siv, thiab cov khw muag khoom lossis kev muag khoom raug teeb tsa. Cov khoom siv hauv paus yog suav tias yog qhov txuas tseem ceeb hauv kev muab khoom siv.
Rau kev lag luam ntawm kev tsim khoom yog kev muag khoom. Lawv ua lag luam wholesale cov peev txheej, tsim kev sib cuag ncaj qha nrog cov neeg nruab nrab thiab cov neeg siv khoom, kev kawm xav tau, kev ua lag luam, thiab ua kev kwv yees.
Type of stocks
Txhawm rau kom muaj kev txuas ntxiv ntawm kev muab cov cuab yeej tsim khoom rau kev ua lag luam, cov neeg muag khoom yuav tsum muaj qee yam ntawm cov khoom lag luam hauv cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov neeg muag khoom. Xws li cov khoom lag luam tau muab faib ua raws caij nyoog, kev tuav pov hwm thiab tam sim no.
tom kawg ua rau ntau ntawm tag nrho cov khoom hauv Tshuag. Nws yog vim lawv tias cov khoom tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam feem ntau yog guaranteed. Cov khoom lag luam zoo li no tau hloov kho ib ntus.
Cov khoom lag luam raws caij nyoog yog tsim nyob ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov haujlwm tsim khoom ntawm cov tuam txhab xav tau cov chaw tsim khoom. Piv txwv li, kev lag luam ua liaj ua teb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov koom nrog hauv kev tsim qoob loo, yog yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm cyclical. Hauv txhua lub voj voog, kev tsim khoom yuav tsum tau muab cov peev txheej txaus. Yog li, kev ua haujlwm hauv teb yog ua tiavcaij nplooj ntoos hlav, lub caij ntuj sov thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau lub caij ntuj no, qhov kev thov rau roj thiab lubricants nce ntau. Nyob rau lub caij ntuj no, raws li txoj cai, kev kho yog nqa tawm. Raws li, cov khoom seem thiab cov khoom siv kho yuav xav tau rau lub caij no.
Insurance reserves yog tsim los xyuas kom meej cov kev ua ub no ntawm kev lag luam nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav (thaum muaj xwm txheej ntuj tsim, kev puas tsuaj rau tib neeg, thiab lwm yam).
Kev lag luam segmentation
Pom tseeb, cov neeg siv khoom sib txawv xav tau cov khoom sib txawv. Txhawm rau kom ua tiav ntau yam kev xav tau, cov tuam ntxhab thiab cov muag khoom txheeb xyuas cov neeg siv khoom lag luam uas feem ntau yuav teb tau zoo rau cov khoom muag. Raws li, cov tuam txhab tsom mus rau lawv cov kev tsim khoom feem ntau rau lawv.
Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom nco qab lub ntsiab lus ntawm txoj cai Pareto. Nws yog raws li kev txheeb cais. Raws li txoj cai lij choj no, 20% ntawm cov neeg siv khoom yuav 80% ntawm cov khoom ntawm ib lub npe tshwj xeeb rau ntau yam laj thawj (zoo, zoo li, thiab lwm yam). Qhov seem 80% ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom tsuas yog 20% ntawm cov khoom, feem ntau yuav yog kev sib tsoo. Vim cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom lag luam peev, cov lag luam nyiam tsom lawv cov khoom rau 20% ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom.
Yog li, kev faib tawm yog kev faib khoom lag luam rau hauv pawg ntawm cov neeg siv khoom uas xav tau cov khoom sib txawv thiab cov kev lag luam sib txawv yuav tsum tau siv. Nyob rau hauv lem, ib qho kev lag luam ntu yog ib pawg ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom uas teb tib txoj hauv kev rau cov khoom lag luam thiab kev txhawb nqa kev lag luam.
Lub Hom Phiaj segmentation
Kev faib cov neeg siv khoom rau hauv pab pawg tso cai:
- nkag siab zoo dua tsis yog cov kev xav tau ntawm cov neeg siv khoom xwb, tab sis kuj yog lawv tus kheej cov yam ntxwv (mob rau kev ua, tus cwj pwm, thiab lwm yam).
- Ua kom nkag siab zoo ntawm qhov tseem ceeb thiab qhov kev sib tw.
- Tshaj tawm cov peev txheej sib txawv hauv thaj chaw muaj txiaj ntsig tshaj plaws ntawm lawv siv.
Thaum kos cov phiaj xwm kev lag luam, cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov lag luam tshwj xeeb raug coj mus rau hauv tus account. Qhov no, dhau los, ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov cuab yeej lag luam tau tsom mus rau cov kev xav tau ntawm cov pab pawg tshwj xeeb.
Segmentation criteria
Lawv xaiv tau ua nyob rau theem pib ntawm kev faib cov neeg siv khoom rau hauv pab pawg. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yuav tsum paub qhov txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem rau segmenting kev lag luam rau cov khoom siv, cov khoom siv rau kev lag luam, thiab lwm yam.
Thaum faib cov neeg siv khoom lag luam, cov pej xeem, thaj chaw, kev coj cwj pwm, kev lag luam kev lag luam thiab lwm yam raug siv. Geographic segmentation suav nrog kev faib rau hauv kev tswj hwm-ib cheeb tsam - cheeb tsam, nroog, cheeb tsam, thiab lwm yam.
Thaum faib cov neeg siv khoom lag luam rau kev tsim khoom thiab kev tsim khoom, cov hauv qab no raug coj mus rau hauv tus account:
- thaj chaw.
- Nyob ntawm cov neeg siv khoom lag luam.
- ntim khoom.
- Txoj kev mus rau kev siv cov cuab yeej tsim khoom tau txais.
Nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tiasSegmentation tuaj yeem ua tau tsuas yog los ntawm ib qho kev ntsuas lossis los ntawm kev txiav txim siab ua tiav ntawm ntau yam. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub tom kawg, kev faib me me ntawm kev ua lag luam yuav tsum zam. Cov ntu me me tsis muaj txiaj ntsig rau kev txhim kho kev lag luam.
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus tswv
Tus neeg muag khoom yog lub tuam txhab lag luam ua lag luam uas muag ntawm nws tus kheej cov nqi thiab ntawm nws tus kheej. Nrog cov neeg siv khoom thiab cov tuam txhab tsim khoom txhais tau tias, cov koom haum no nkag mus rau hauv kev sib raug zoo raws li kev cog lus.
Tsis ntev los no, ntau thiab ntau dua cov neeg muag khoom tau tsim nyob rau hauv kev lag luam ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom. Lawv yog qhov chaw tshwj xeeb qhib qhov chaw uas cov khoom, lub rooj cob qhia, lub tsev khaws khoom nyob.
Ib tus tswv lag luam tuaj yeem sawv cev qhov kev txaus siab ntawm ib lossis ob peb lub tuam txhab hauv ib cheeb tsam lossis hauv nroog. Nws cov dej num suav nrog kev tshawb fawb kev lag luam, kev tshaj tawm, kev muag khoom thiab kev saib xyuas cov chaw tsim khoom, kho, muab cov khoom seem thiab cov khoom siv, thiab lwm yam.
Leasing tuam txhab uas muag
Cov tuam txhab no tau ruaj khov rau hauv kev lag luam peev. Leasing tuam txhab uas muag muab cov lag luam nrog cov cuab yeej siv thiab tshuab rau kev xauj nrog qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev txhiv tom qab. Daim ntawv no tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo rau ntau lub lag luam uas tsis muaj nyiaj txiag los yuav cov cuab yeej tshiab.
Extra
Ib qho ntawm cov ntawv cog lus ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm cov khoom muaj nqis yog kev muag khoom los ntawm kev tshwj xeebcov khw. Tsis tas li ntawd, exhibitions-fairs, qhov twg cov neeg koom tes ntsib thiab cov lus pom zoo tau txais txiaj ntsig tau xaus, tau txais txiaj ntsig dav.
Kev cog lus rau kev txhim kho kev lag luam ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom yog kev tsim cov kev txhawj xeeb sib koom, kev lag luam, cov koomhaum, thiab lwm yam nrog cov neeg txawv teb chaws.
Tau kawg, tsis yog lub luag haujlwm kawg yog nyob rau ntau lub chaw qiv. Cov neeg ua lag luam no muab kev txaus siab rau cov kev xav tau ntawm cov lag luam me, cov lag luam ntiag tug.
Zoo kawg
Kev ua lag luam rau kev tsim khoom, zoo li lwm yam kev lag luam, yog nyob rau hauv tas li: mov, thov, tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg siv khoom thiab cov neeg tsim khoom hloov pauv. Cov no thiab ntau lwm yam muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev ua lag luam.
