Puffball nceb thiab nws ntau yam siv los ntawm tsev neeg puffball, tam sim no lawv yog ib feem ntawm tsev neeg champignon. Cov hom no yuav zoo li txawv txawv, tab sis nws tau ntev paub txog cov nceb pickers. Muaj ntau ntau ntawm nws "cov npe pej xeem": muv daim txhuam cev, yawg koob luam yeeb, plua plav, luam yeeb nceb thiab lwm yam.
Ntau yam
Muaj ntau hom puffball nceb. Nov yog cov uas nquag tshaj plaws:
- giant raincoat, lossis giant golovach;
- prickly - tseem hu ua koob thiab spiny;
- meadow;
- xim av (xim);
- pear-puab.
Lub cev ntawm cov nceb no loj, feem ntau flattened kheej kheej. Thaum lawv ripen, lawv tau elastic dawb nqaij nrog ib tug qab ntxiag tsw thiab saj. Lub peculiarity ntawm raincoat yog tias nws yuav tsum tau noj kom txog thaum nws cov xim dawb pib tsaus. Tom qab ntawd, cov tshuaj lom pib tawm.
Cov saum toj no tsuas yog me me xwbib daim ntawv teev cov nceb uas feem ntau hu ua raincoats. Feem ntau yog lub tsho tiv nag loj heev.
thaj chaw loj hlob
Puffball nceb nyob qhov twg? Lawv pom nyob rau yuav luag txhua lub tebchaws, tshwj tsis yog Antarctica. Yog hais tias peb tham txog peb lub teb chaws, ces lawv loj hlob thoob plaws hauv Central Russia, thiab nyob rau hauv lub Caucasus thiab Far East. Cov nceb muaj nyob rau hauv thaj chaw huab cua sov ntawm Russia, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov av nplua nuj peat.
Feem ntau puffball mycelium tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv pastures, teb, meadows, hav zoov sab nrauv thiab hauv cov tiaj ua si me. Feem ntau lawv nyob hauv qhov hu ua rounded clearings ncig ntoo thiab shrubs.
Kev piav qhia thawj yam
Kev piav qhia ntawm cov nceb loj heev, cia peb pib nrog qhov tseeb tias nws tseem hu ua "giant golovach". Nws txawv ntawm cov nceb zoo tib yam ntawm hom no nyob rau hauv lub cev loj heev flattened thiab kheej kheej, los ntawm 25 mus rau 60 cm nyob rau hauv cross section. Nws qhov hnyav tuaj yeem ncav cuag 10 kg. Cov nceb muaj lub plhaub dawb, du rau qhov kov, uas hloov lub sijhawm, poob ntom ntom thiab juiciness.
Nws suav tias yog ib qho ntawm cov nceb nto moo ntawm pab pawg no thiab nrov vim nws qhov loj thiab saj. Lub tsho tiv no loj heev muaj cov duab kheej kheej, feem ntau elongated, tsis muaj qia. Nws qhov loj tuaj yeem muab piv nrog qhov loj ntawm lub pob, tab sis qhov no tsuas yog qee qhov xwb.
Puffball nceb ntawm hom no muaj cov tawv nqaij nyias, du ntawm cov xim dawb, uas dhau sij hawm tau txaisyellowish, grey los yog reddish hue.
Nws cov nqaij kuj yog xim dawb, nrog rau kev ntxhib los mos thiab tsw qab ntxiag. Txawm li cas los xij, dhau sijhawm, nws hloov mus ua cov hmoov av xim av nrog cov xim liab, uas tom qab ntawd ya tawm los ntawm lub qhov hauv lub kaus mom nceb.
Nws tseem yog tsev neeg champignon thiab cov genus ntawm puffballs. Hauv cov tib neeg, nws muaj lub npe "pearl raincoat." Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo lub cev ntawm hom fungus feem ntau yog pear-puab, oval-flattened kuj pom.
Lub ntsiab tshwj xeeb ntawm lub tsho tiv thaiv nag yog cov spikes, ua tsaug uas nws tau txais nws lub npe. Lawv nyob thoob plaws hauv lub cev ntawm cov nceb, qhov loj tshaj plaws yog nyob ntawm lub hau.
Cov tsho tiv nag uas muaj plua plav txawv ntawm nws cov khoom sib xws vim tias nws cov nqaij tawv thiab tawv heev, zoo li tawg thaum nias. Hom nceb no feem ntau yog xim dawb, tab sis dhau sij hawm nws pib tsaus, tig xim av.
Nws tseem muaj lub npe "teb nag xob nag cua". Qhov no ntau yam yog txawv los ntawm ib tug dawb-txiv ntseej xim nrog greyish sau ntawv. Lub tsho meadow raincoat yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov duab ntawm lub pob nrog lub tiaj tiaj. Lub cev ntawm fungus nws tus kheej yog tsaus dawb los yog grey-xim av. Spikes kuj muaj nyob rau hauv cov meadow puffball, tab sis ploj mus thaum lawv loj hlob vim los nag lossis daus thiab lwm yam phenomena.
Hauv kev piav qhia ntawm cov nceb puffball ntawm ntau yam no, nws tuaj yeem sau tseg tias ntawm nws lub kaus mom, zoo li txhua tus neeg sawv cev ntawm hom no,muaj ib lub qhov los ntawm cov spores raug tshem tawm mus ntxiv kev loj hlob ntawm mycelium.
Txawm hais tias lub kaus mom ntawm cov nyom puffball (xws li prickly ib qho) yog npog nrog cov pob me me, lawv tsis muaj qhov hais tawm thiab qhov loj me. Nws piv tau zoo nrog nws cov prickly counterpart nyob rau hauv uas nws muaj kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, uas saj zoo ob qho tib si kib thiab pickled. Loj hlob tuaj, lub caij ntuj sov lub caij ntuj no nce mus txog qhov siab ntawm 1.5 mus rau 3 cm, txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub hau yog 2 mus rau 5 cm.
false raincoats
False raincoat mushroom belongs to real raincoats for the long time, thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau champignon nceb. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li kev tshawb fawb phylogenetic, nws tau pom tias cov tsiaj no belongs rau tsev neeg Boletidae.
Cov neeg sawv cev nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm cov pob txha cuav yog qhov ntau thiab muaj pob tw pob. Lub cev fruiting ntawm cov nceb no feem ntau nyob rau saum npoo ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Qee zaum underground fruiting lub cev yog pw, uas ces tseem tuaj rau saum npoo. Cov tsho tiv nag cuav muaj lub kaus mom loj kheej kheej thiab cov ceg tawv tsis zoo.
Cov nceb no muaj ntau hom - "peridium" thiab "gleba". Cov qub yog qhov txawv los ntawm kev ntxhib los mos, daim tawv nqaij interspersed nrog cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj nyob rau hauv stalk thiab cap. Cov tub ntxhais hluas cov khaub ncaws tsis tseeb yog xim dawb, thiab qhov no yog qhov ua rau cov neeg xaiv nceb dag, uas ua rau lawv yuam kev rau cov tib neeg. Qhov tom kawg txawv ntawm qhov lawv muaj cov tawv tawv tawv nrog cov xim dawb dawb, uas dhau los ua grey-dub thaum nws ripens, thiab dub-violet.
Resemblance to golovach oblong
Prickly puffball zoo ib yam li golovach oblong. Nws muaj cov duab pear-puab, thiab loj hlob tuaj, nws ncav cuag qhov siab txog 8 cm. Nyob rau hauv ib tug hluas oblong golovach, lub cev fruiting yog xim dawb, lub kaus mom yog warty. Thaum nws loj hlob, nws yuav daj-xim av los yog xim av xim thiab ua du.
Young golovachi ntawm lub kaus mom tsis muaj qhov rau kev tawm ntawm spores, zoo li cov tsho tiv nag. Loj hlob tuaj, lawv plam lawv lub kaus mom, thiab tsuas muaj ib tug stalk xwb. Cov nceb no loj hlob los ntawm Lub Xya Hli mus txog rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis, feem ntau nyob rau hauv deciduous thiab coniferous hav zoov. Lawv, zoo li cov tsho tiv nag, yog noj tau thiab muaj qab ntxiag saj.
Feem ntau lawv pib loj hlob sai sai tom qab los nag. Tab sis lawv tsis pom zoo kom muab khaws cia rau hauv cov huab cua zoo li no, vim tias tom qab ob peb teev lawv yuav poob lawv cov duab thiab ua tsis zoo rau kev noj.
Ntxhais txiv kab ntxwv puffball
Lub pob prickly tseem cuam tshuam nrog txiv kab ntxwv puffball. Nyob rau hauv no fungus, fruiting lub cev zoo li ib tug tuber, tab sis nws yog elongated los ntawm saum toj no. Loj hlob tuaj, cov txiv kab ntxwv tsis tseeb raincoat ncav cuag qhov siab ntawm 10 cm. Nws sab sauv muaj ib tug ocher los yog yellowish tint.
Thaum nws loj tuaj, nws tawg, thiab "warts" tshwm rau nws. Hauv qab, cov nceb no yog nqaim thiab wrinkled, thiab nws cov nqaij yog dawb. Puffball txiv kab ntxwv tsis yog cov nceb noj tau, tab sis qee cov neeg nyiam nyiam ntxiv me me rau lwm cov nceb vim nws muaj qhov tsw zoo li truffle thaum siav.
Nyob
Koj tuaj yeem hnov cov lus nug: Puas yog puffball nceb noj tau lossis tsis tuaj yeem noj? Cov nceb no tsis yog nyob rau hauv qeb siab tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm saj, tab sis nws muaj ib tug zoo refined thiab qab ntxiag saj. Raincoats yog undeservedly tsis nco qab nyob rau hauv kev npaj ntawm ntau yam nceb tais diav. Yog li, nws tuaj yeem noj tau, tab sis muaj qee cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab ua ntej noj nws.
Ua ntej koj pib ua cov nceb puffball, koj yuav tsum paub qhov tseeb tias nws loj hlob, vim tias ntau yam no muaj kev cuam tshuam rau co toxins. Qhov chaw ntawm kev loj hlob ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau ob qho tib si saj thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom tsim kev puas tsuaj rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis pom zoo kom sau lawv nyob ze txoj kev. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tsis muaj cov tshuaj lom tshuaj lom - thiab qhov no yog lwm qhov txiaj ntsig zoo dua lawv "cov txheeb ze zoo".
Tsuas yog cov nceb hluas noj tau, vim lawv tsis muaj co toxins ntau, thiab lawv tsis tawv heev. Raincoats yog ntxuav ntawm sab saum toj txheej, raws li nws muaj ib tug tsis kaj siab saj thiab ua rau cov nceb tawv.
Subtleties ntawm ua noj
Thaum ua noj nrog cov tsho nag, tej zaum yuav muaj ntxhiab tsw ntawm ntoo, tab sis nws ploj tom qab ua noj. Hais txog saj, meadow raincoats, uas muaj xim dawb, suav hais tias yog cov thawj coj. Lawv yog cov me me reminiscent ntawm nqaij, tab sis lawv raug pom zoo tsuas yog rau kib thiab marinating - lawv ua tawv thaum boiled.
Qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb thaum npaj cov tsho tiv nag yog tias lawv tsis tas yuav ua ntejua, xws li boiling los yog soaking, raws li nrog ntau hom "noble nceb". Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov khaub ncaws los ntawm kev poob lawv cov ntxhiab tsw qab ntxiag, lawv tsis tas yuav tsum tau ntxuav ua ntej ua noj, nws yuav txaus los ntxuav lawv nrog rab riam qhuav.
Nyob zoo
Tom qab cov kws tshawb fawb tshawb pom cov khoom ntawm cov nceb puffball, nws pom tias lawv muaj ntau yam khoom muaj txiaj ntsig. Nyob rau hauv lawv muaj pes tsawg leeg, lawv muaj calvacin, uas muaj tshuaj tua kab mob thiab anti-carcinogenic zog. Cov kab lis kev cai ntshiab mycelial tau los ntawm puffballs muaj kev ua haujlwm siab hauv kev tawm tsam cov qog.
Kev npaj ua los ntawm lub tsho tiv thaiv nag ua rau kev tshem tawm ntawm lub cev ntawm cov khoom xws li radionuclides, hlau hnyav, tshuaj chlorine thiab fluorine compounds. Lawv kuj pab tiv thaiv cov teebmeem ntawm helminthiases, dysbacteriosis, kab mob siab thiab mob raum mob. Cov cuab yeej kho mob ntawm lub tsho tiv nag tau ntev tau siv los ntawm cov kws kho mob thiab cov tshuaj raug cai.
siv tshuaj kho mob
Qhov tseeb txaus siab txog cov nceb puffball suav nrog qhov tseeb tias nws muaj peev xwm tiv tau cov kab mob loj xws li mob qog noj ntshav. Mushroom pulp yog siv sab hauv thiab sab nraud. Compresses yog tsim los ntawm nws thiab siv rau thaj chaw cuam tshuam ntawm daim tawv nqaij, xws li cov kab mob uas tshwm sim nrog mob qog noj ntshav.
Sab hauv noj cov tshuaj decoction lossis cawv tinctures los ntawm lub tsho tiv nag los ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau cov mob tonsillitis ntev thiab cov qog ntawm lub caj pas, kab mob raum, mob leukemia, txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim khothiab kis kab mob malignant.
Cov tshuaj Folk tau siv dav, raws li cov kab mob ntawm Langermania, cov txheeb ze ze tshaj plaws ntawm cov nceb puffball. Cov tshuaj no txo cov ntshav viscosity thiab ntshav siab. Lawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv cov kab mob ntawm lub plab, tag nrho cov plab zom mov thiab angina pectoris, txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Nceb kuj siv rau cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob genitourinary thiab mob qog noj ntshav. Raincoat fungus spores yog siv rau cov tawv nqaij los ntshav kom tsis txhob los ntshav, txo qhov mob thiab txhim kho daim tawv nqaij, thiab kho cov kab mob malignant. Spore-based tshuaj yog siv los kho cov kab mob ntawm lymphatic thiab endocrine systems, ntshav qab zib, adrenal dysfunction, tuberculosis, hawb pob thiab pleurisy.
Npaj cawv tincture
Ua kom tinctures, tsuas yog yuav tsum muaj ob yam khoom xyaw: cov nceb nag thiab cawv. Rau kev kho mob ntawm oncological kab mob, ib tug tincture npaj raws li nram no yog siv.
Ib khob ntawm cov hmoov hmoov yog muab tso rau hauv ib lub hub, ntxiv ib nrab ib liter ntawm vodka los yog 80% cawv. Cov tais diav yog nruj nreem npog nrog lub hau thiab muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw tsaus, txias thiab qhuav rau 25 hnub. Tom qab lub sij hawm no, lub hub ntawm tincture yog meej shaken, thiab ces lim. Qhov tshwm sim muaj pes tsawg leeg yog noj 3 zaug hauv ib hnub ua ntej noj mov, 1 tablespoon.
Kev npaj ntawm cov dej hauv dej
Tsis yog tincture yog npaj los ntawm spore hmoov, tab sis kuj infusion. Qhov thib ob yog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov koj yuav tsum tau siv cov hmoov nplej thiab dej rau nws. Rau qhov no lawv cojib qho khoom qab zib diav ntawm raincoat spores thiab ncuav nws nrog ib khob dej ntawm qhov kub ntawm 70-80 ° C. Tom qab ntawd, qhov sib tov yog infused nyob rau hauv ib lub khob los yog porcelain tais, npog nrog lub hau, rau ib teev. Noj 100 ml ntawm infusion me me ua ntej noj mov.
Nws pab cov kab mob ntawm endocrine thiab lymphatic systems, postpartum hemorrhage; siv los tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm plab hnyuv thiab genitourinary system.
Mushrooms raincoats yog cov khoom tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig uas pab tiv thaiv ntau yam mob hnyav. Tsis tas li ntawd, los ntawm raincoats koj muaj peev xwm ua noj ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cua thiab noj qab nyob zoo tais diav uas yuav thov mus rau txawm lub feem ntau xav tau gourmets.
