Popovnik, los yog ib txwm daisy, yog ib tsob nroj herbaceous perennial los ntawm tsev neeg Asteraceae, loj tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho cov tsev neeg ntawm cov nroj tsuag dicotyledonous, suav nrog txog 33 txhiab hom tsiaj thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Hauv tsab xov xwm peb yuav qhia meej txog cov paj qus uas zoo li chamomile.
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub npe. Synonyms
Lub npe Latin ntawm lub paj yog Leucanthemum vulgare. Muab los ntawm ob lo lus Greek:
- leukos - txhais ua lus Lavxias ua "dawb";
- anthemon - txhais tau tias "paj".
Yog li no, lub npe tshawb fawb zoo sib xws rau cov paj dawb zoo li lub paj.
Nivyanik yog lub npe Lavxias rau cov nroj tsuag. Nws los ntawm lo lus " teb", uas txhais tau hais tias ib tug dav treeless qhov chaw. Xav tias paj noob hlis loj hlob hauv thaj chaw qhib ntawm lub ntiaj teb, nws tuaj yeem xav tias Lavxias lub npe ntawm lub paj qhia nws qhov kev faib tawm.
romance-nyias, paj dawb.
Biological Description
Perennial tsob nroj loj hlob mus txog 30-80 cm hauv qhov siab, muaj cov hauv paus kais nrog cov txheej txheem sab nraud zoo. Ntawm lub qia ncaj, muaj zog, muaj ib lub pob paj nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 7-10 cm rau saum. Tubular paj (lub npe nruab nrab) yog ib txwm daj, thiab marginal (petals) yog dawb.
Nyob ntawm ntau yam, ntau yam popovnik tej zaum yuav muaj basal nplooj nrog crenate ntug los yog elongated qia nplooj nrog ib tug serrated ntug.
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog ib lub cylindrical achene uas ripens nyob rau lub Cuaj Hli - Kaum Hli Ntuj tom qab lub caij ntuj sov flowering ntawm cornflower.
hom no yog propagated vegetatively los ntawm noob. Qhov sib txawv ntawm Frost kuj. Kev loj hlob zoo yog cov av noo zoo thiab lub teeb.
Chamomile los tsis yog?
Amateur gardeners feem ntau hu daisy daisy. Tau kawg, paj muaj qhov zoo sib xws, tab sis los ntawm qhov pom ntawm botanical, lawv tsuas yog cov txheeb ze nyob deb, sawv cev rau ntau hom.
Nws tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm popovnik los ntawm chamomile los ntawm cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:
- nplooj paj yog ntau zaus loj dua li paj chamomile;
- nplooj ntawm popovnik feem ntau tag nrho, thaum chamomile yog pinnatipartite;
- qia ntawm lub taub hau dawb yog qhov siab thiab siab, ib txwm nrog ib lub pob paj, thaum lub stalk ntawm chamomile yog branched thiab qis, nrog ob peb inflorescences.
Qhov twg popovnik loj hlob
Cov hom tau dav dav hauv Tebchaws Europe, thaj chaw sov ntawm Asia,pom nyob rau hauv North America, zoo tsim nyob rau hauv Australia thiab New Zealand. Nws loj hlob nyob rau sab Europe ib feem ntawm Russia, hauv Siberia thiab Crimea, nrog rau hauv Caucasus.
Poj niam popovnik, uas tau piav qhia hauv tsab xov xwm, nyiam qhib tshav ntuj meadows, dav hav zoov glades thiab lub teeb hav zoov, maj mam slopes thiab teb. Lub paj ncav cuag lub hnub thiab tsis cog rau hauv qhov chaw ntxoov ntxoo.
YYuav ua li cas siv paj noob hlis
Chamomile-nplooj yog tsob ntoo zoo nkauj uas cov neeg ua teb zoo siab cog rau hauv paj txaj thiab vaj tsev. Nrog rau nws, cov neeg tsim vaj tsev tsim cov chaw ci ntsa iab hauv lub txaj paj, zoo sib xyaw cov taub hau dawb nrog cov paj daj, paj yeeb chrysanthemums, xiav cornflowers thiab bluebells, ntshav petunias.
Cov kws ua yeeb yam ua cov paj zoo nkauj los ntawm nivyanik, lawv kho cov kab tshoob arches, corteges thiab halls.
Dhau li ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj, popovnik muaj lwm yam zoo. Nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv pej xeem cov tshuaj thiab cosmetology, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv ua noj ua haus (kab txawv nyias thiab seasonings los ntawm stems thiab nplooj ntawm cov nroj tsuag muaj ib tug yam ntxwv ntse saj uas gourmets nyiam tiag tiag).
Cov neeg uas xav cog lub taub hau dawb hauv lawv lub vaj yuav tsum paub qee txoj cai:
- tsob nroj nyiam cov av uas tsis yog-acid fertile, moist thiab zoo-drained;
- teb rau cov chiv organic, uas pom zoo kom siv ua ntej cog ntawm tus nqi ntawm 15 kg ib 1square meter ntawm cheeb tsam: thaum lub sij hawm thaum lub paj popovnik, nws muaj peev xwm muab pub nrog compost los yog pob txha noj mov;
- tsis zam qhov chaw ntxoov ntxoo, xav tau lub hnub ci ci;
- nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov qhuav, koj yuav tsum tau dej cov pob kws ntau, zoo dua thaum yav tsaus ntuj.
paj yog propagated by noob, cuttings los yog faib ntawm rhizome.
Cov noob yog sown thaum ntxov Lub Peb Hlis rau cov noob los yog lub Cuaj Hli hauv av qhib. Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev yog qhov tsis muaj kev lees paub rau kev khaws cia ntawm cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov nroj tsuag.
Rau kev ua tiav tiav, cov rosettes me me yog siv. Nws tau raug pom tias cuttings noj nyob rau hauv Lub yim hli ntuj coj paus zoo tshaj plaws, thiab cov nroj tsuag los ntawm lawv loj hlob muaj zog, nrog ib tug loj inflorescence.
Lub paj yog khawb rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav lossis thawj 2 lub lis piam ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg. Nrog ib tug ntse riam, lub rhizome yog muab faib ua feem - delenki. Cov delenki no tau faus rau hauv qhov ntiav ntiav ntawm qhov ntev ntawm 30-40 cm thiab watered. Tsis ntev peb tuaj yeem cia siab tias yuav tshem tag nrho cov taub hau dawb.
tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov khoom
Txog tam sim no, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov nroj tsuag tseem tsis tau kawm tiav. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom tias popovnik yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv ntau yam biologically active tshuaj: flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids, tannins, coumarins, inulin thiab alkaloids. Cov stems, nplooj thiab petals ntawm whitehead paj yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv carotene thiab ascorbic acid. Cov roj muaj roj pom hauv cov noob.
Siv tshuaj ntsuab
Cia peb mus ntxiv zaj dab neeg txog tsob ntoo nivyanik. Daim duab qhia nws rhiab thiab kev zoo nkauj. Ntxiv nrog rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj, paj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo,cov kws kho mob tau ntev siv los npaj tshuaj potions.
Popovnik zoo tib yam muaj antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, qhov txhab kho, antioxidant, diuretic thiab antihelminthic los ntawm lub cev. Normalizes ntshav ncig thiab metabolism. Cleans lub cev ntawm co toxins, txhawb kev tshem tawm ntawm "phem" cholesterol.
Infusion ntawm nivyanik paj yog siv rau bronchitis raws li ib tug expectorant, nws kuj yog pom zoo rau douching nyob rau hauv gynecological teeb meem xws li thrush, tsis raws cai coj khaub ncaws thiab infertility. Nivyanik tshuaj pleev ua haujlwm zoo nrog eczema ntawm ntau yam etiologies. Sitz da dej ntawm ib decoction ntawm whitehead nplooj thiab stems pab tshem tawm hemorrhoids.
Ntxim qab kawg, paj tsis muaj teeb meem tsis muaj contraindications, txawm hais tias cov kws kho mob tseem ceeb toom rau kev siv nws rau cov poj niam cev xeeb tub thiab lactating, cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua peb xyoos. Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias nivyanik muaj cov nyhuv laxative, yog li koj yuav tsum tsis txhob haus dej ntawm txoj kev lossis tom haujlwm.
YYuav ua li cas tshuaj los ntawm popovnik
Npaj lub potion yog ib qho yooj yim:
- Infusion rau haus - 2 tablespoons ntawm qhuav tshuaj ntsuab nrog paj ncuav ib liter ntawm boiling dej, boil rau 3-5 feeb tshaj tsawg tshav kub, txias. Tom qab ntawd lim los ntawm ob txheej ntawm gauze. Haus 20 g 3 zaug ib hnub twg.
- Rau douching - 2.5 tablespoons ncuav ob khob ntawm boiling dej, boil rau tsis pub tshaj 5 feeb, txias. Lim kom zoo zoo. Siv sov hmo ntuj.
- raulotions - ib tug muaj zog decoction yog npaj ntawm tus nqi ntawm 1 tablespoon (tsis muaj sab saum toj) ntawm qhuav raw cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv ib nrab ib khob ntawm boiling dej.
- Cawv tshuaj tincture - nqa cov nplooj tshiab ntawm cornflower thiab nettle hauv qhov sib npaug, ntxuav thiab qhuav. Sib tov nyob rau hauv ib tug blender los yog los ntawm ib tug nqaij grinder. Ncuav cov zaub ntsuab nrog qhov sib npaug ntawm cov dej cawv kho mob. Insist 15 hnub nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw tsaus. Lim lub tiav lawm tincture. Noj 20 tee ob zaug ib hnub.
- Ointment - 2-2, 5 tablespoons ntawm qhuav nyom thiab nyom chamomile paj ncuav rau hauv saucepan, nyem ib lub raj me me (50 ml) ntawm tus me nyuam qab zib rau hauv tib qhov chaw. Muab tso rau hauv ib da dej rau 30-40 feeb, thaum cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau tas li tov nrog ib tug ntoo spatula. Tom qab txias, thov ib txheej nyias ntawm qhov chaw cuam tshuam peb zaug hauv ib hnub. Khaws cov tshuaj pleev rau hauv lub tub yees.
Tsev tshuaj rau cov tshuaj siv hauv av ntawm cov nroj tsuag: stems, nplooj thiab paj. Cov khoom nyoos raug sau txij lub Rau Hli mus txog rau lub Yim Hli.
Tsev txiab txiav cov qia ntawm qhov deb ntawm 10-12 cm ntawm hauv av. Ntsuab yog thawj zaug crushed, thiab ces qhuav nyob rau hauv qhib cua nyob rau hauv ib tug canopy los tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv raw los ntawm lub hnub ncaj qha tshav ntuj. Khaws rau hauv lub khob iav lossis hnab ntawv ntev txog ob xyoos.
Ntau yam
Ntau tshaj 20 hom suav nrog cov genus Nivyanik. Cov uas nto moo tshaj plaws yog cov pov thawj hlob (L. vulgare Lam). Me ntsis tsawg tshaj li nws, hom marsh cornflower (L. paludosum), cornflowerloj (L. Maximum), Kuril grasshopper (L. kurilense).
Nivyanik (daim duab ntawm lub paj yog nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm) yog txawv los ntawm ntau yam ntau yam. Hybrids muaj qhov siab sib txawv, txoj kab uas hla thiab inflorescence tsim.
May Queen yog ntau yam ntau yam. Ib lub paj loj uas muaj txoj kab uas hla tsawg kawg 10 cm thiab ob kab ntawm cov paj dawb-dawb flaunts rau ntawm qia 50-60 cm siab txij lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav mus txog rau lub caij nplooj zeeg.
Lacrosse yog ib qho ntawm cov nyiam tshaj plaws hybrids. Ntawm lub qia qis (30-40 cm) muaj cov paj me me, dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov nplaim paj twisted rau hauv lub raj nrog cov lus qhia tawm.
Snegurka, Aglaya thiab lwm yam yog ntau yam terry. Lawv muaj ib lub pob tawb paj me me nrog cov nplooj luv heev.
Short ntau Snow Cap yog siv rau ciam teb.
Kurt qub ntau yam tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kho kom zoo nkauj: qhov chaw daj ntawm lub paj yog nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm ob kab ntawm nqaim curly petals.
Txiv kab ntxwv Banana Cream pleases lub qhov muag nrog daj reed paj. Gardeners hlub nws rau nws compact bushes thiab ntau flowering.
Crazy Daisy hybrid kuj nrov. Ib lub pob paj loj zoo siab zaum ntawm lub qia siab (1.0-1.2 meters). Nyob rau hauv lub vaj paj, nws mus zoo nrog ornamental shrubs.
