Koj yuav xav tsis thoob, tab sis cov nroj tsuag hauv koj lub vaj - amaranth - yog yav tom ntej ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb. Nws txoj kev cog qoob loo yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv ntau lub teb chaws ntawm lub ntiaj teb; qhov no yog thaj chaw muaj kev cog lus ncaj ncees ntawm kev cog qoob loo. Yuav ua li cas loj hlob amaranth thiab dab tsi yog nws peculiarity? Xav paub ntxiv txog qhov no tom qab hauv kab lus.
Txoj kev sib txawv
hom nroj tsuag twg thiab qhov twg loj hlob? Amaranth yog tshuaj ntsuab txhua xyoo nrog panicle-shaped inflorescences. Cov xim yog txawv - los ntawm golden daj mus rau ntshav. Peb tig mus rau qhov kev piav qhia ntawm amaranth. Lub qia ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog ncaj thiab branched, los ntawm 0.7 mus rau 3 meters nyob rau hauv qhov siab, nplooj yog loj, lanceolate. Cov paj me tau sau rau hauv inflorescences, txhua qhov uas nws thiaj li hloov mus rau hauv lub thawv txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Ib lub amaranth muab txog li ib nrab lab txiv hmab txiv ntoo - nplej - qhov hnyav ntawm ib qho yog li 0.4 grams.
Nyob rau hauv tag nrho muaj 65 genera ntawm cov nroj tsuag no, uas suav nrog txog 900 hom amaranth. Nyob rau hauv Russia, amaranth yog sawv cev los ntawm 17 hom. Cov nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv yog amaranth lossis upturned amaranth, uas yog cov nroj tsuag thiab tsis haum rau kev noj. Ornamental hom kuj muaj dav:crimson (paniculate), tsaus, tricolor, tailed amaranth.
Nws loj hlob nyob qhov twg hauv Russia? Cov nroj tsuag tuaj yeem pom yuav luag thoob plaws lub tebchaws. Saib ntawm daim duab, ntau tus yuav xav tsis thoob, vim lawv tau pom ntau dua ib zaug, tab sis tsis xav tias ntau ntawm nws cov ntau yam muaj txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb rau kev ua liaj ua teb, tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab khoom noj khoom haus.
Nws tau los rau peb li cas
Amaranth yog nyob rau South America. Los ntawm qhov ntawd nws tuaj rau North America, tom qab ntawd mus rau Is Nrias teb, qhov chaw uas nws cov morphogenesis theem nrab tau tshwm sim. Hauv nws lub tebchaws, amaranth nyom hu ua "Aztec nplej" thiab "Inca qhob cij." Tau ntau tshaj 8,000 xyoo, amaranth tau sib tw nrog taum thiab pob kws.
Amaranth tuaj rau Tebchaws Europe nrog thawj tus neeg sib tw thiab thaum xub thawj tau suav tias yog tsob ntoo tshwj xeeb. Tsuas yog thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th nws tau txais qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov zaub mov thiab cov qoob loo qoob loo hauv Tebchaws Europe.
Hnub no, ua haujlwm tseem ceeb tau ua tiav txhawm rau txhim kho cov qoob loo thiab nce cov qoob loo ntawm amaranth, uas tuaj yeem ua rau nws ua qoob loo rau yav tom ntej.
xwm txheej tam sim no
Hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas, tam sim no amaranth tau loj hlob hauv txhua lub xeev, thiab tsoomfwv tau pab nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau cov neeg ua liaj ua teb. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov teeb meem tau lees paub los ntawm qhov tseeb tias 23 lub koom haum ua liaj ua teb saib xyuas kev cog qoob loo thiab qhia cov qoob loo no rau hauv kev lag luam zaub mov. Hauv Asmeskas cov khw muag khoom hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus, koj tuaj yeem pom tsawg kawg 30 hom khoom amaranth - los ntawm cov khoom qab zib mus rau meatballs. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nqaij loj hlob ntawm amaranthstern, raug nqi ib lub hlis twg ntau dua li qub.
Teb ntawm amaranth tuaj yeem pom hauv Is Nrias teb thiab Nepal, Tuam Tshoj thiab Ceylon, Mozambique, Uganda, Nigeria. Cov nroj tsuag kuj tau loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, Slovakia, Poland, Kazakhstan.
Hmoov tsis zoo, tseem muaj ob peb thaj chaw hauv Russia uas amaranth loj hlob. Txawm li cas los xij, kab lis kev cai no tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam ua liaj ua teb.
Lub ntsiab lus thiab cov khoom ntawm tsob ntoo
Amaranth muaj ntau yam khoom uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau tib neeg lub cev. Nws tau raug pov thawj tias cov protein uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov noob amaranth yog absorbed los ntawm lub cev zoo dua li cov mis nyuj protein. Tsis yog tsis muaj laj thawj, qhov twg amaranth loj hlob, hauv South America, nws nyob qib thib ob raws li cov qoob loo qoob loo tom qab pob kws. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws muaj ob peb zaug ntau dua lysine dua li lwm cov nroj tsuag. Nws kuj tseem muaj ntau cov kab kawm: potassium, hlau, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus.
Rau ntau, amaranth yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov txaus siab ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg lom neeg: amaranthine, rutin thiab carotenoids. Cov kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no tau ua pov thawj qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev siv cov noob amaranth thiab roj hauv kev kho mob ntshav siab thiab kab mob plawv. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb yog qhov muaj nyob hauv cov tshuaj uas tswj cov synthesis ntawm cov cholesterol.
Nyob rau hauv lub txaj paj uas amaranth hlob tuaj (daim duab ntawm cov nroj tsuag tau nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm), nws zoo li ntxim nyiam heev, ci ntsa iab panicles pom nyob deb. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws lub sij hawm flowering yog ntev heev: thoob plaws lub caij ntuj sov thiab mus txog rau thaum thawj Frost. Raws li lub vaj paj kho kom zoo nkaujPeb hom feem ntau yog siv: tu siab, tailed thiab panicled. Nyob rau hauv txoj kab nruab nrab, qhov twg amaranth loj hlob nyob rau hauv Russia, nws kuj muaj lwm lub npe: lawv hu nws axamitnik, miv tus Tsov tus tw, velvet, amaranth.
Vitamin zaub xam lav ncaj qha los ntawm lub paj txaj
Amaranth nplooj saj zoo ib yam li spinach. Lawv muaj lysine - ib qho ntawm yim amino acids tsim nyog rau tib neeg lub cev, uas txhawb nqa kev nqus ntawm cov protein, calcium, ntxiv dag zog rau cov leeg thiab pob txha, tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm atherosclerosis, thiab tiv thaiv mob stroke thiab plawv nres.
Nyob rau hauv Nyiv, lawv ntseeg hais tias saj ntawm amaranth zaub zoo li squid nqaij, nrog rau nws niaj hnub siv, lub cev yog energized thiab rejuvenated.
Thiab tib lub sijhawm, txawm tias cov nroj tsuag ornamental haum rau noj. Tus nqi noj haus ntawm 200 grams ntawm amaranth nplooj yog piv rau 1 kg ntawm dib.
Amaranth nplooj tshuaj yej yog qhov zoo rau atherosclerosis, dysbacteriosis, rog, nquag ntxhov siab thiab neuroses.
kho cov roj tseem tsim los ntawm nws
Amaranth noob roj, ntxiv rau ntau cov polyunsaturated acids thiab vitamins (A, E, C), muaj squalene. Qhov no yog ib qho antioxidant zoo. Nws muaj peev xwm nkag mus rau cov cell membranes, ntxuav cov hlab ntsha ntawm cov roj cholesterol, thiab tiv thaiv kev tsim cov ntshav txhaws. Tsis tas li ntawd, squalene nce elasticity ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg thiab txhawb nqa lawv cov kev tsim dua tshiab.
Raws li cov ntaub ntawv tshiab kawg, kev siv roj amaranth pab txhawb kev noj qab haus huv tag nrho ntawm lub cev, rov ua dua tshiab, thiab tshem tawm cov co toxins. cim kev tsim txomKev loj hlob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav cancer, txhim kho cov ntshav ncig thiab lub hlwb ua haujlwm, nce kev ntxhov siab thiab tiv thaiv kab mob.
Amaranth roj yog 2 zaug tshuaj ntau dua li roj hiav txwv buckthorn. Nws tuaj yeem siv los kho qhov txhab thiab qhov txhab ntawm daim tawv nqaij, kho tau sai dua.
Vitamins A, E, B1, B2, polyunsaturated acids ua rau cov txheej txheem laus ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Yog vim li cas cov tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab lub qhov ncauj qhov ntswg uas muaj cov khoom no yog nrov niaj hnub no.
Amaranth thiab ecology
Squirt yog ib tsob nroj uas muaj C4 hom photosynthesis, uas sib haum rau cov pa roj carbon dioxide nyob rau hauv qhov chaw siab, uas yog qhov tsim nyog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm lub ntiaj teb sov sov ntawm lub ntiaj teb.
Qhov twg amaranth hlob tuaj, cua yaig ntawm cov av txo. Qhov no yog vim muaj zog hauv paus system ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Qhov twg amaranth loj hlob (ib daim duab ntawm cov nroj tsuag tau muab tso rau hauv tsab xov xwm), cov av raug tshem tawm ntawm cov khoom tsis zoo nyob rau lub sijhawm. Yog li ntawd, nws raug nquahu kom cog nws hauv thaj chaw ib puag ncig tsis zoo.
Shiritsa kuj tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv raw rau biofuels. Lub zog cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhuav huab cua yog 14 MJ / kg, thiab cov txheej txheem ntau lawm yog yooj yim heev. Cov qoob loo amaranth tau sau nrog lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws, qhuav thiab tsim rau hauv briquettes.
Nws tseem ceeb heev rau kev khaws cia cov pejxeem ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv hiav txwv thiab dej hiav txwv. Tom qab tag nrho, squalene siv los mined tsuas yog los ntawm sharks thiab whales.
Vim li cas thiaj tseem ceeb
Ib qho ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm kev txhim kho kom ruaj khov, uas yogthoob plaws lub ntiaj teb no nyob rau hauv lub xyoo caum tsis ntev los no thiab yog tib txoj kev tawm ntawm ecological ntsoog rau noob neej - high technologies ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov cov khoom nrog ib tug sib npaug muaj pes tsawg leeg. Thiab nws yog amaranth uas ua tau raws li cov cai no.
Tom qab tag nrho, ntxiv rau squalene, hmoov nplej los ntawm cov noob ntawm cov nroj tsuag no muaj 3 zaug ntau cov protein, 9.4 npaug ntau lipids, 17 npaug ntau fiber ntau, 24 npaug ntau sodium, 19 npaug ntau calcium, 19 npaug ntxiv magnesium, 6 zaug, phosphorus - 5 zaug, hlau - 36 npaug ntawm cov hmoov nplej.
Amaranth proteins muaj qhov sib npaug. Yog li, cov amino acids tseem ceeb hauv nws yog 1.6 g / 100 g ntawm cov protein, thiab tag nrho cov nyiaj yog 37.7 g / 100 g. Rau kev sib piv: hauv cov hmoov nplej, cov duab tom kawg yog 10.4 g / 100 g.
Ntawm 20 amino acids xav tau los ntawm tib neeg lub cev, hmoov ntawm cov nroj tsuag no muaj 18.
Ntxiv cov hmoov nplej amaranth rau cov khoom noj khoom haus txhim kho qhov ntsuas tau zoo. Tseeb, nyob rau hauv amaranth proteins tsis muaj cawv-soluble feem (prolamins), uas tsim cov gluten ntawm lub khob noom cookie. Thiab qhov kev txaus siab ntawm qhov kev xav tau niaj hnub rau cov amino acids tseem ceeb nrog kev siv cov qhob cij no nce 2 zaug. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub khob cij tau txais lub nutty tsw thiab zoo nkauj tsos.
Ntaus qoob loo
Cov qoob loo siab ntawm cov qoob loo amaranth - 5 tons ib hectare ntawm cov txiaj ntsig zoo thiab 200 tons ntawm biomass - ua rau cov qoob loo no zoo heev fodder puag rau cov tsiaj nyeg. Los ntawm Lub Rau Hli mus txog Lub Kaum Hli, tsiaj tuaj yeem pub ntsuab biomass, thiab lub sijhawm so - silage, panicles qhuav,granules.
Kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no tau pom tias amaranth silage muaj 1.7 npaug ntawm cov protein ntau dua li pob kws silage. Thiab thaum siv cov qoob loo sib xyaw ntawm cov qoob loo no, qib ntawm cov protein nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm ib chav pub noj yog mus txog 100 g, uas yog raws li cov qauv zootechnical. Kev siv amaranth silage pom qhov nce hauv nruab nrab qhov hnyav txhua hnub ntawm cov nyuj hluas los ntawm 16%.
Ntxiv rau, raws li cov qoob loo fodder, amaranth yog qhov kev txaus siab vim cov dej siv tsawg los tsim ib chav tsev ntawm biomass - 3 zaug tsawg dua alfalfa thiab taum. Piv rau pob kws, ensiling amaranth yuav tsum tau 2 zaug tsawg zog.
Tag nrho cov ntsuas no qhia tias amaranth yog ib qho kev daws teeb meem zoo rau kev noj zaub mov thiab pab ua kom cov tsiaj txhu nce ntxiv.
kab lis kev cai tsis ncaj ncees
Amaranth yog cov qoob loo pseudocereal. Hais txog cov nroj tsuag ntawm ib hnub luv luv, nrog kev nce hauv nruab hnub nrig, cov noob yuav tsis ripen. Shiritsa hlob zoo nyob rau hauv cov xuab zeb thiab av nplaum av, tolerates drought zoo. Qhov no yog txhawb nqa los ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov nroj tsuag:
- Ob hom hauv paus hniav - superficial fibrous thiab taproot. Thawj zaug ua tiav cov dej noo los ntawm cov txheej sab saud ntawm cov av, thiab qhov thib ob muab cov dej noo thaum lub caij qhuav los ntawm qhov tob txog li 7 meters.
- Amaranth nplooj stomata kaw thaum lub caij ntuj qhuav thiab kub kub, uas txo cov evaporation thiab khaws cov dej noo hauv cov nroj tsuag.
Qhov kub zoo rau kev loj hlob yog +26 ° C ntawmloj hlob caij 90 - 130 hnub.
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau sow amaranth ntawm qhov kub ntawm 10 ° C, tus nqi ntawm cov noob yog los ntawm 0.5 mus rau 5 kg ib hectare. Sau thaum thawj Frost, ntawm qhov kub ntawm -5 ° C, cov nroj tsuag qhuav tawm. Sib sau cov qoob loo thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog siv los sau qoob loo.
Kev saib xyuas kab lis kev cai tsis nyuaj, thiab amaranth tiv taus ntau yam kab mob.
Nyob rau hauv huab cua sov ntawm domestic mid-latitudes, qib zaub mov nrog cov ntsiab lus squalene txog li 10% (Ultra, Kharkov-1, Helios) yog nrov. Lera thiab Sam ntau yam txawv los ntawm cov ntsiab lus roj siab (txog 7%).
Cov tswv yim ua haujlwm qis, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov qoob loo ua liaj ua teb no nyiam cov neeg ua liaj ua teb hauv tsev.
Yuav ua li cas amaranth nyob rau hauv lub vaj
Ntau tshaj plaws ornamental amaranths nyob rau hauv peb lub vaj yog raws li nram no:
- Amaranth crimson lossis paniculate. Ib tsob ntoo txhua xyoo txog li 150 cm siab nrog elongated xim av-liab nplooj. Muaj ntau ntau yam - undersized daim ntawv nrog drooping inflorescences thiab nrog ntsug inflorescences. Paj yog liab (ntau yam "roter paris", "roter dam"), ntsuab ("grunefakel", "zwergfakel"), txiv kab ntxwv ("kub biscuit").
- Amaranth sad. Txhua xyoo mus txog 150 cm siab nrog burgundy thiab nplooj nplooj ntsuab. Inflorescences ntsug liab. Ntau yam "ntsuab tamb" feem ntau yog siv los kho cov paj qhuav, vim tias nws cov inflorescence yog kev sib xyaw ua ke.ntau yam ntxoov emerald.
- Amaranth tricolor. Siab (txog 1 meter) erect hav txwv yeem ntawm cov duab pyramidal. Cov nplooj yog nqaim thiab tricolor - hloov ntawm ntsuab, daj thiab liab. Cov inflorescences yog reddish nyob rau hauv cov xim, tab sis qhov no amaranth muaj nuj nqis precisely vim qhov zoo nkauj ntawm nplooj.
- Amaranth tailed. Cov nroj tsuag siab (txog 1.5 meters). Cov nplooj yog loj thiab ntsuab. Inflorescences yog loj, dai rau. Muaj nyob rau hauv yellowish ntsuab, tsaus liab, ntshav thiab crimson.
Ob pluas su thiab khoom qab zib
Hnub no ntawm kev ua lag luam koj tuaj yeem pom ntau yam khoom, uas suav nrog amaranth. Nws muaj ib tug qab ntxiag saj.
Cov roj siv los ua cov khoom ntxiv rau yogurt, khoom noj siv mis, dej khov, zaub xam lav.
Thiab thaum kawg, ob peb daim ntawv qhia siv amaranth.
Piv txwv li, amaranth thiab leek kua zaub. Ua li no, nplooj ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog boiled rau 10 feeb nrog zaub.
Amaranth noob tuaj yeem boil rau 15 feeb, tom qab ntawd ntxiv rau cov zaub kib thiab simmered tshaj qis cua sov. Lub garnish yog npaj txhij.
Koj tuaj yeem ua kua ntses rau nqaij thiab zaub tais. Ua li no, noj 300 g ntawm cream thiab 200 g ntawm amaranth nplooj. Cov nplooj yog crushed, tov nrog cream, spices thiab 100 g ntawm grated nyuaj cheese yog ntxiv. Ntawm qis cua sov, nqa cov ntses kom txog thaum lub cheese yaj tag.
Npaj khoom qab zib, noj zib ntab, butter lossis margarine thiab yaj nws. Amaranth noob, txiv ntseej, txiv laum huab xeeb yog ntxiv rau qhov sib xyaw ua ke thiab nchuav rau hauv cov pwm ci. Tom qab ntawd txhua yam yog txias hauv lub tub yees. Txiv ntseej khoom qab zib npaj txhij.
Summarize
Ib tsob ntoo loj hauv koj lub vaj tom qab tau dhau los ua "cov khoom noj ntawm vajtswv" thiab cog qoob loo.
Amaranth khoom yog nrov heev thiab kim. Yog li, rau 1 liter ntawm cov tshuaj roj, koj yuav tsum tau them 700 euros (kwv yees 53 txhiab rubles), thiab zaub mov - 12 euros (900 rubles), 1 kilogram hmoov ntawm European lag luam nqi 8.6 euros (650 rubles).
Amaranth tuaj yeem dhau los ua cov qoob loo cog lus rau cov liaj teb me uas xav tau kom muaj sia nyob hauv kev ua lag luam thiab sib tw nrog kev ua liaj ua teb loj. Thiab txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam zaub mov noj qab haus huv yuav invariably nce kev thov rau cov khoom nrog ib tug sib npaug thiab noj qab haus huv muaj pes tsawg leeg.
