Tau ntau lab xyoo, noob neej tau nyiam nceb, uas yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm hav zoov thiab cov tsiaj qus uas tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam. Tom qab ntawd, qee yam ntawm lawv cov tsiaj txawm raug cais raws li cov qoob loo loj hlob hauv tsev. Tau ntau pua xyoo, tib neeg tau ua tiav siv lawv rau kev kho mob, kom poob phaus, thiab txawm siv los ua cov tshuaj lom neeg. Txog rau tam sim no, ntau paub txog cov hav zoov storehouses ntawm cov protein: cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm txhua tus qauv, saj, edible thiab inedible hom, uas muaj ntau yam.
Cov nceb boletus tsim nyog tshwj xeeb hauv ntau hom kab npe nceb, vim tias nws loj hlob nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua qhov chaw ntawm Russia loj, nws muaj rau txhua tus kiv cua: ob qho tib si cov nceb picker uas khaws cov khoom plig zoo rau lub caij nplooj zeeg ntuj, thiab tus neeg yuav khoom zoo tib yam uas tuaj rau lub khw muag khoom noj khoom haus tiag tiag rau noj hmo. Yog li ntawd, rau cov neeg uas txaus siab rau kev yos hav zoov nceb, tsuas yog faib lawv tus kheej li connoisseurs ntawm cov khoom no, thiab, tej zaum, tsis tau hnov txog nws, nws yuav tsis tawm ntawm qhov chaw los kawm txog tus kheej.nta thiab ntau yam ntawm boletus. Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm, peb sim sau tag nrho cov lus tseeb thiab nthuav kev soj ntsuam txog cov nceb aforementioned.
Aspen nceb: uas nceb zoo siab dais lub npe
Muaj ntau hom boletus hauv qhov xwm txheej. Nws yog xim liab, daj-xim av, dawb, dub-scaled thiab xim-legged. Lawv kuj muaj xws li redheads: ntoo qhib, ntoo thuv thiab spruce. Lawv txhua tus sib txawv, tab sis lawv lub ntsiab qhov txawv yog lawv qhov tsos. Aspen nceb tau yooj yim pom tau los ntawm lawv cov tuab, cov qia (feem ntau yog dawb) thiab lub kaus mom loj, uas tuaj yeem muaj qhov ntxoov ntxoo sib txawv. Lub kaus mom ntawm boletus nceb, cov duab uas tau nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm, muaj ib tug compact spherical duab. Qee lub sij hawm nws txawm NW nyuam qhuav ntas ceg, thiab tsis kis nws nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug kaus. Tus neeg sawv cev ntawm hom fungus no tsis tuaj yeem hu ua me me. Qee lub sij hawm nws loj hlob mus txog 25 cm nyob rau hauv qhov siab, thiab tib neeg txhais tes yuav tsis tag nws txhais ceg. Nws yog tsim nyog hais tias aspen nceb loj hlob zoo tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Russia, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv North America.
Red boletus
Liab boletus nceb tuaj yeem raug hu ua ib qho nrov tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Russia. Qhov no yog qhov ntuj tsim, vim nws pom yuav luag txhua qhov chaw. Vim li cas thiaj muab lub npe no rau lub nceb? Qhov tseeb, nws piav qhia cov yam ntxwv ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob. Lub npe no hais txog cov nceb uas loj hlob feem ntau ntawm cov ntoo deciduous. Aspen ntawm lawv yog suav hais tias yog lub ntsiab nyiam ntawm cov fungus, tab sis poplar, willow, beech, birch los yog ntoo qhib.kuj tsis mus unnoticed. Txawm tias tsis muaj kev paub txog nceb picker yuav pom liab boletus ntawm cov nplooj poob, vim hais tias nws muab tawm los ntawm lub kaus mom uas muaj xim ci. Feem ntau liab los yog yuav luag burgundy. Qee lub sij hawm muaj boletus nrog lub kaus mom liab-xim av los yog, piv txwv li, ci liab xim. Xws li cov nceb tuaj yeem pom txawm tias nyob deb, thiab nws yooj yim heev rau cov nceb picker.
Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm cov nceb liab boletus yog tias nws tuaj yeem loj hlob ob leeg thiab hauv pab pawg. Los ntawm txoj kev, "tsev neeg" clearings feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv aspen hav zoov. Cov fungus nyiam loj hlob nyob ib sab ntawm txhua hom kwj dej thiab cov hav zoov me me. Qhov no yog to taub tag nrho, vim nws paub tias nceb nyiam ntub dej, thiab nyob rau hauv arid qhov chaw lawv tsuas yog tsis tsim kom zoo. Feem ntau, tus neeg sawv cev ntawm boletus tuaj yeem pom hauv Caucasus, Siberia thiab Far East. Cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo kom sau lawv thaum Lub Rau Hli thiab Lub Kaum Hli.
Kev ua noj ua haus
Koj tuaj yeem siv cov nceb liab boletus ob qho tib si boiled thiab kib. Ntau tus neeg nyiam nyiam pickle nws, yog li khaws cia rau lub sijhawm ntev. Los ntawm txoj kev, txog rau tam sim no, ib qho boletus kuj tseem cuam tshuam rau hauv daim ntawv qhuav. Thaum lub sij hawm ua, cov nceb darkens. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm pickling, nws khaws nws thawj tsos. Qee cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo kom txiav cov stems, vim lawv tawv me ntsis thiab tsis muaj cov vitamins, uas muaj ntau nyob rau hauv lub kaus mom. Tab sis rau qee qhov nws tsuas yog teeb meem ntawm kev nyiam saj.
Yellow-xim av boletus
Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm cov xim daj-xim av boletus yog xim ntawm nws lub kaus mom, uas sib haum rau lub npe - nws yog xim daj-xim av. Qee lub sij hawm koj tuaj yeem pom xws li boletus nceb nrog lub kaus mom xuab zeb-txiv kab ntxwv lossis nrog lub teeb ci heev, yuav luag daj. Nws yog qhov dav heev (15-20 cm). Nws yog qhov zoo dua los nrhiav daj-xim av boletus nyob rau hauv birch thiab aspen hav zoov, nyob rau hauv ravines thiab lowlands. Lub daj-xim av boletus feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv ntoo thuv hav zoov nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam nrog ib tug temperate huab cua. Ntawd yog, zoo li feem ntau cov nceb ntawm cov genus no, nws tau nthuav dav hauv Russia. Qhov no boletus yuav luag ib txwm loj hlob singly, thiab tsis nyiam, piv txwv li, dawb boletus thiab boletus nceb. Koj tuaj yeem sau tau txij thaum pib lub caij ntuj sov mus txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg.
Cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo kom nrhiav cov nceb me me, vim tias lawv cov nqaij mos ntau dua thiab qab dua. Lawv yooj yim rau kev paub los ntawm lub kaus mom - nws yuav tsum ci. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev saib xyuas yuav tsum tau them rau qhov ceev ntawm nceb nws tus kheej: nws txhais ceg yuav tsum ruaj thiab tsis pom kev puas tsuaj. Piv txwv li, wormy noj qhov chaw los yog rot. Hauv cov nceb hluas, cov tawv nqaij qhuav yog qee zaum pom, uas dai ntawm ntug ntawm lub hau. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, ceg yog them nrog granular xim av nplai, uas blacken nrog hnub nyoog. Raws li rau cov laus heev boletus, lawv muaj xim faded thiab xoob fibers. Lawv kuj raug txiav, tab sis tseem zoo dua yog siv lawv lub kaus mom rau zaub mov xwb.
Pine redhead
Qhov pom pom tshaj plaws ntawm lub taub hau liab yog lub kaus mom, uas muaj lub ntsej muag ci tsaus nti. Xws li cov nceb loj hlob nyob ib sab ntawm cov ntoo ntoo, feem ntau hauv cov av ntub dej, ravines. Qhov kev nyab xeeb tshaj plaws rau nws yog temperate. Pine redhead tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas tau yooj yim los ntawm qia, uas muaj cov nplai me me thiab daj ntseg xim av. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov nceb no kuj nrov nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej txoj kev, tab sis nws yog ntau tsawg tshaj li aforementioned liab boletus.
Ntsuab boletus
Raws li lub npe txhais tau tias, cov nceb no txawv ntawm nws cov khoom sib xws hauv lub kaus mom dawb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nrog hnub nyoog, nws hloov xim, ua greyish-xim av. Dawb boletus nceb feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv moist coniferous hav zoov. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tuaj yeem pom hauv hav zoov sib xyaw thiab txawm nyob hauv hav zoov birch. Thaum lub caij ntuj qhuav qhuav heev, cov nceb dawb aspen "tsum" tshwj xeeb rau ntawm aspens. Feem ntau, nws loj hlob yuav luag txhua qhov chaw. Cov nceb no txaus siab rau cov nceb nceb ntawm thaj av Moscow, Siberia, nrog rau Leningrad, Murmansk thiab Penza cheeb tsam. Mushrooms hlob txij lub Rau Hli mus txog rau lub Cuaj Hli.
Cov nqaij ntawm cov boletus dawb yog tuab heev, ntawm qhov txiav nws ua ntej tig xiav, thiab tom qab ntawd tig dub. Nws txhais ceg yog siab, creamy dawb, qee zaum loj hlob mus txog 20-25 cm. Nws yog them nrog lub teeb teev, uas, txawm tias lawv zoo sib xws nrog lub ntsiab ntxoov ntxoo ntawm cov xim ntawm cov nceb ceg, pom ntawm qhov muag liab qab. Los ntawm txoj kev, dawb boletus nceb thiab butterdish, lub kaus mom uas tseem yog lub teeb heev,inexperienced nceb pickers confuse. Txawm li cas los xij, cov no yog cov nceb sib txawv kiag li, tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv tsos, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv saj. Lub butterdish yog npog nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov hnoos qeev, thiab nws lub kaus mom hauv cov qauv hluas, txawm tias lub teeb, tsis yog xim dawb.
Oak Redhead
Cov nceb liab tuaj yeem pom tau yooj yim los ntawm nws lub hau kas fes-xim av. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yog heterogeneous, tab sis npog nrog cov nplai me me ntawm cov xim liab-xim av. Cov fungus no nyiam loj hlob ntawm ko taw ntawm ntoo qhib, yog li nws yog qhov pom tseeb heev qhov twg los nrhiav nws. Txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub hau ntawm Oak redhead feem ntau yog los ntawm yim mus rau kaum tsib cm. Raws li rau qia, nws qhov siab tshaj plaws tuaj yeem ncav cuag 15 cm, thiab nws cov tuab tuaj yeem yog 3 cm. boletus.
Qhov chaw loj hlob ntawm cov ntoo qhib liab yog qhov dav. Feem ntau, ntawm chav kawm, nws pom nyob rau hauv central Russia, vim hais tias nws prefers nruab nrab climatic tej yam kev mob. Nyob rau hauv ib lub xyoo zoo nrog dej nag txaus, cov nceb tuaj yeem txaus siab txij thaum nruab nrab lub caij ntuj sov mus rau lub caij nplooj zeeg lig.
Spruce redhead
Raws li txoj cai, spruce redheads loj hlob hauv pawg me, thiab lawv tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv cov hav zoov coniferous thiab hauv kev cog qoob loo sib xyaw. Ntau tus kws tshaj lij ntseeg tias nws yog qhov zoo dua los nrhiav lawv hauv qab cov ntoo fir, tab sis tsis ntev los no txoj cai no tsis siv rau lawv. Cov nceb no zoo nyob rau hauv lwm cov ntoo, qhov chaw muaj dej txaus thiab nplooj humus. Koj tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm spruce redhead los ntawm lwm tus los ntawm lub kaus mom uas muajbrownish chestnut xim. Daim tawv nqaij ntawm lub kaus mom no me ntsis dai ntawm ntug, thiab txhais ceg muaj lub teeb xim av nplai thiab nthuav me ntsis los ze zog rau lub hauv paus. Cov nceb no feem ntau tau sau txij thaum nruab nrab Lub Xya Hli mus txog rau thaum Lub Kaum Hli.
Ntxiv rau qhov saj thiab qhov tseeb tias boletus nceb tuaj yeem khaws yuav luag txij thaum pib lub caij ntuj sov mus txog rau lub caij nplooj zeeg lig, lawv muaj ntau yam zoo dua. Piv txwv li, qhov loj faib ntawm boletus nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm peb lub teb chaws. Nws yog qhov zoo kom paub tias nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg hnub ci nyob ntsiag to koj tuaj yeem mus rau tom hav zoov thiab txiav rau hauv lub pob tawb ntawm khoom plig rau hodgepodge dawb. Qee qhov zoo dua ntawm cov nceb aspen yuav tsum tau teev tseg:
- Nws paub tias yuav luag txhua cov nceb noj tau: boletus, boletus, porcini, boletus, chanterelles, thiab lwm yam - muaj zaub mov zoo thiab zoo rau kev noj qab haus huv. Lawv yog cov calories tsawg (tsuas yog 22 kcal hauv boletus), tab sis hais txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov protein lawv sib npaug rau cov nqaij. Cov amino acids muaj nyob rau hauv nceb yog absorbed los ntawm tib neeg lub cev los ntawm 70-80%. Qhov no yog ib qho zoo tshaj plaws ntsuas, scientifically proven thiab undeniable. Ntxiv rau qhov ntawd, boletus muaj cov vitamins B1 thiab PP.
- Koj tuaj yeem sau tau cov nceb mus txog ob peb zaug hauv ib lub caij, thiab thaum marinated, lawv nyiam txhua xyoo.
Kev npaj kom raug ntawm boletus yog tus yuam sij rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv
Nws ntseeg tias cov nceb hluas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev noj qab haus huv. Lawv muaj tag nrho cov vitamins thiab lwm yam tshuaj ntau li ntau tau. Ntawm qhov tod tes, ntau tus xa mus rau lawv likhoom noj hnyav, uas yuav tsum tau noj nrog ceev faj. Cov kws tshawb fawb muaj lawv tus kheej xav txog qhov teeb meem no: txoj cai tseem ceeb rau kev noj boletus yog lawv cov kev npaj kom raug. Nutritionists hais tias tsuas yog boiled thiab kib nceb yuav absorbed los ntawm tib neeg lub cev mus rau qhov siab tshaj plaws, thiab tsuas yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no lawv yuav tsis ua mob rau nws.
