Ib qhov loj tshaj plaws hauv Moscow yog State Darwin Tsev khaws puav pheej, uas tau qhib rau xyoo 1907, ntau tshaj 100 xyoo dhau los. Nws yog ib lub tsev kawm txuj ci ntxov tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe, cuam tshuam nrog xwm, keeb kwm ntawm tus txiv neej thiab nws cov evolution.
Museum Founder
Ua ntej peb pib tham txog dab tsi lub Xeev Darwin Tsev khaws puav pheej nyob ntawm 57 Vavilov Street, peb yuav tsum hais txog nws tus tsim, A. F. Kots. Nws yog ib tug kws tshawb fawb, xib fwb, kws kho mob ntawm biological sciences, kws qhia ntawv thiab museologist.
Alexander yug hauv 1880 hauv ib tsev neeg German uas tsiv mus rau Russia. Lub neej yav tom ntej zoologist xaiv txoj haujlwm no vim yog vim li cas nws txiv Alfred Karlovich yog tus kws kho mob ntawm kev xav, botanist, linguist thiab kws sau paj huam. Txij li thaum nws tseem hluas, tus yau Coates tau kawm science thiab twb nyob rau hauv nws cov hluas tsis tau xav txog txoj kev uas yuav xaiv rau nws tus kheej.
Tam sim no thaum muaj hnub nyoog 19 xyoos, Alexander tau mus ncig nws thawj zaug mus rau Western Siberia, los ntawm qhov chaw sau keeb kwm yav tom ntej tau pib tsim. Ua ib tug ua tiav taxidermist kuj tau pab los ntawm kev paub nrognto moo zoologist Fyodor Lorenz. Lawv txoj kev phooj ywg tsuas yog xaus thaum Friedrich tuag hauv 1909. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau Alexander kom khaws tsis tau tsuas yog nws sau, tab sis kuj yog ib tug uas tau tsim nyob rau hauv nws tus phooj ywg lub chaw soj nstuam rau 40 xyoo. Thiab Kots tau hais tias cov qub txeeg qub teg ua rau nws ua tus thawj coj nyiaj txiag, thiab them nyiaj hli raws li cov tsiaj txhu, uas tom qab ntawd tau los ua cov khoom pov thawj ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej yav tom ntej.
History
Tus pib ntawm kev tsim yog tus kws kho tsiaj A. F. Coates, uas tau pib qhia evolutionary kev qhia nyob rau hauv ib tug poj niam txoj kev xyaum ua haujlwm, tab sis siv cov piv txwv xws li cov tsiaj txhu. Cov khoom siv pom pom yog ib qho kev sau ntawm tus kheej ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb, uas nws tau pub rau xyoo 1913 mus rau lub chaw soj ntsuam zoological ntawm cov chav kawm. Maj mam, nws tau sau thiab dhau los ua lub npe hu ua Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Evolutionary Theory. Los ntawm lub sij hawm no, lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov founders tau txiav txim siab, ntawm cov uas tsis yog A. F. Kots, thiab F. E. Fedulov (uas yog ib tug zoo sib npaug taxidermist), V. A. Vatagin (tsiaj sculptor, xib fwb) thiab N. N. Ladygina-Kots (tus tub kawm, tus kws tshawb fawb yav tom ntej).
Nws yog nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo uas lub tshoob ntawm Alexander thiab Nadezhda Ladygina coj qhov chaw, uas lub sij hawm ntawd yog ib tug thib peb-xyoo kawm ntawv ntawm Moscow Higher Women's Courses, thiab yav tom ntej los ua ib tug naas ej zoopsychologist.
Ob niam txiv hluas tau mus txawv tebchaws ntau zaus kom tau txais cov khoom pov thawj tshiab, lawv tau sau cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb, tsim cov duab puab, duab kos duab thiab tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb fawb. Thaum lub sij hawm lub xyoo ntawm lub kiv puag ncig thiab kev tsov kev rog yog heev nyuaj, txias thiab tshaib plab, tab siscov neeg ua haujlwm tsis cuam tshuam lawv txoj haujlwm.
Tsuas yog xyoo 1922, lub tsev haujlwm tau txais lub npe nom tswv ntawm Lub Xeev Darwin Tsev khaws puav pheej hauv Moscow.
Kots nrhiav kev nthuav tawm rau txhua tus thiab txhua tus los ntawm kev nthuav tawm cov lus qhia hloov pauv. Tau ntau tshaj 30 xyoo, ntau tshaj li ib nrab lab tus tib neeg tuaj yeem tuaj xyuas lub tsev cia puav pheej. Tau ntau xyoo, xws li ib qho khoom sau tau sau tias nws pib zoo li lub tsev teev ntuj, tab sis ntau xyoo dhau los ua ntej lub tsev tshiab tau tsim thiab qhib. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1995 lub qhov rooj ntawm ib tug tshiab, ntxiv complex qhib thiab tus npau suav ntawm tus tsim ntawm lub State Darwin Tsev khaws puav pheej los muaj tseeb. Tau 40 xyoo, Kots tseem yog tus thawj coj ntawm nws "lub hlwb".
Lub tsev tshiab ntawm Darwin Museum
Lub tsev tshiab tau tsim kho tau ntau dua 20 xyoo, thiab qhib tau qhib rau xyoo 1995. Qhov nthuav tawm, uas nyob rau hauv qhov no, txuas nrog lub theories ntawm evolution, nrog heredity thiab variability, nrog ntau haiv neeg ntawm lub neej nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no.
Lub Xeev Darwin Tsev khaws puav pheej yog ib qho loj tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Russia thiab tau mus xyuas ntau lab tus tib neeg txhua xyoo. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog kawm cov khoom pov thawj xwb, tab sis kuj xaiv "Kev Qhia Txog Kev Kawm", uas tso cai rau txhua tus qhua tuaj yeem paub nws tus kheej nrog qee ntu ntawm kev tshawb fawb, uas yuav ua rau koj nyob zoo dua.
Kev tawm tsam
Lub Xeev Darwin Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm 57 Vavilova muaj ntau qhov kev nthuav qhia mus tas li nthuav dav peb lub tsev.
Nyob hauv pem teb muaj ib lub rooj ncig xyuas, nrog rau ib lub tsev xinesmas me me uas muaj 185 lub rooj zaum. Tom ntej no tuaj lub exhibition "Keeb kwm ntawm lub Tsev khaws puav pheej", uasnthuav tawm hauv cov duab thiab cov ntaub ntawv, nrog rau kev nthuav qhia "Lub Diversity of Life on Earth", qhov twg koj tuaj yeem pom cov khoom pov thawj ntawm tarantulas.
Nyob rau hauv pem teb thib ob muaj cov chav hauv qab no - "Microevolution" thiab "theem ntawm kev paub txog tsiaj qus", nrog rau kev ua si, qhov chaw ua yeeb yam ib ntus tau tuav ib ntus.
Nyob rau hauv pem teb thib peb, txhua tus tuaj yeem pom qhov "Macroevolution" nthuav tawm thiab lub tsev zoogeography, qhov twg cov tsiaj qus tau tsim dua tshiab hauv iav showcases.
Ntxiv rau lub tsev tseem ceeb, tseem muaj qhov chaw nthuav qhia nrog lub tsev cog khoom, chav kuaj kev cob qhia, tsev noj mov, kev sib tham sib nyiam thiab ntau ntxiv.
Exposition "Txiv Neej Neeg"
Ib lub tsev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, tau kawg, txuas nrog lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm tus txiv neej thiab nws cov evolution.
Tus neeg mus ncig ua si uas tuaj xyuas lub tsev no yuav tau paub txog tus txiv neej thaum ub, nws txoj kev ua neej, kab lis kev cai thiab theem ntawm kev loj hlob. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem paub txog qhov kev xav ntawm naturalist Charles Darwin, uas xav tias tus txiv neej nqis los ntawm apes. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias muaj ob peb qhov tseeb, nws muaj peev xwm nyob rau hauv nws phau ntawv qhia qhov zoo sib xws ntawm tib neeg thiab zoo apes nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm physiological thiab ontogenetic yam ntxwv.
Ntxiv rau qhov kev xav ntawm Charles Darwin, koj tuaj yeem paub txog txoj kev xav ntawm Carl Linnaeus, uas qhia txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev tshem tawm ntawm cov tsiaj txhu, nrog rau cov liab thiab ib nrab-liab. Muab State Darwin Tsev khaws puav pheej duab, cov ntaub ntawv, kos duab, uastuaj yeem ua kom pom tseeb tias cov tswv yim tsim tau li cas, kev tshawb fawb tau ua tiav thiab kev xav ntawm kev tsim lub ntiaj teb tau xav.
Ntxiv rau hauv chav no, txhua lub sijhawm evolutionary ntawm tib neeg txoj kev loj hlob raug txiav txim siab ntxiv:
- hominization;
- Australopithecines thiab tus txiv neej txawj;
- archanthropes;
- paleanthropes;
- neoanthropes, lossis Cro-Magnons.
Xov xwm txog tsiaj qus
Nyob hauv ib lub tsev koj tuaj yeem pom qhov nthuav tawm, uas yuav qhia koj txog qhov tsim ntawm biology li cas, uas yog, cov kab mob nyob li cas. Tom qab tag nrho, txiv neej yeej ib txwm xav txog thaum cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu, cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob tshwm sim, thiab qhov no tuaj yeem pom los ntawm cov pob zeb paintings uas tus txiv neej thaum ub tau tso tseg.
Kev paub nrog qhov kev nthuav tawm ntawm Lub Xeev Darwin Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm 57 Vavilov Street pib nrog tus kws tshawb fawb uas tau suav tias yog tus tsim ntawm biology, uas yog tus kws tshawb fawb Aristotle. Nws sim ua kom nws cov kev txawj ntse uas tau sau tseg thiab xa mus rau nws cov xeeb ntxwv.
Tom qab ntawd los txog lub sijhawm Nrab Hnub nyoog, qhov uas nws ntseeg tias qhov tseem ceeb yog kev ntseeg, thiab koj yuav tsum tsis txhob paub lub ntiaj teb nyob ib puag ncig koj, txhua yam kev tshawb fawb raug tsim txom los ntawm Inquisition.
theem tseem ceeb tom ntej yog Renaissance, uas tau cim los ntawm kev loj hlob sai ntawm kev tshawb fawb, thaum cov cheeb tsam xws li embryology, physiology, anatomy, systematics tau yug los.
Nyob ntev mus txog xyoo 17th, muaj ib lub tswv yim hais tias flora thiab fauna tsis hloov, tab sis raws nraim li ntev li ntawd. Cov kws tshawb fawb, zoo li N. Stenon thiab J. Cuvier, tsis tau qhia txog qhov khoom pov thawj tau pom nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kab mob uas ploj mus thaum lub sij hawm excavations.
Kev mloog zoo nyob rau hauv qhov kev nthuav tawm yog them rau Lamarck, uas tau thov ib txoj kev xav zoo ib yam ntawm kev hloov pauv, suav tias yog kev txhim kho kev loj hlob los ntawm qhov yooj yim mus rau qhov nyuaj. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev xav ntawm Zh. B. Lamarck tsis raug suav hais tias yog kev tshawb fawb vim nws tsis tuaj yeem ua pov thawj nws cov lus sib cav.
Thawj txoj kev tshawb fawb, uas tau suav tias yog kev hloov pauv, yog qhov kev xav ntawm Charles Darwin. Koj tuaj yeem paub txog txhua qhov tseeb, pov thawj, cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb los ntawm kev mus saib qhov nthuav tawm mus tas li.
State Darwin Tsev khaws puav pheej (Moscow): chaw nyob thiab yuav mus li cas
Lub tsev kawm txuj ci ntuj nrov tsis yog hauv Russia nkaus xwb tab sis tseem nyob hauv Europe niaj hnub no tau mus xyuas los ntawm ntau lab tus tib neeg: cov menyuam kawm ntawv, cov tub ntxhais kawm, cov neeg laus thiab cov neeg laus, cov neeg txawv tebchaws thiab cov neeg Lavxias. Lub Xeev Darwin Tsev khaws puav pheej nyob rau ntawm Vavilov, 57, nws yooj yim mus rau nws.
Ua ntej, koj tuaj yeem los ntawm lub tsheb ntiag tug, tab sis ua ntej, ua kom paub koj tus kheej nrog cov chaw nres tsheb thiab paub txog lawv cov nqi. Qhov thib ob, koj tuaj yeem xaiv kev thauj pej xeem, suav nrog metro. Mus rau qhov chaw nres tsheb Akademicheskaya thiab taug kev mus rau txoj kev Vavilov lossis caij npav npav 119. Los yog mus rau qhov chaw nres tsheb "Universitet" thiab ces hloov mus rau tram tooj 14 los yog tus xov tooj 39 mus rau qhov nres "st. Dmitry Ulyanov."
Tsev khaws puav pheej qhib sijhawm
State Darwin Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm 57, Vavilov St., qhib rau txhua tus neeg xya hnub hauv ib lub lis piam los ntawm 10 teev sawv ntxov txog 6 teev tsaus ntuj.pm, tshwj tsis yog hnub Monday. Hnub Tuesday qhov kev nthuav tawm qhib thaum 11.00 thiab kaw thaum 19.00. Nws tseem tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias nws raug kaw rau hnub Friday kawg ntawm txhua lub hlis thiab lub Ib Hlis 1st. Ua ntej nkag mus rau hauv lub tsev khaws puav pheej, koj yuav tsum yuav daim pib ntawm lub thawv ntawv, uas kaw ib nrab teev ua ntej, yog li cov neeg tuaj xyuas zaum kawg tuaj yeem nkag tau ntawm 17.30.
Ticket price
Ua ntej koj mus rau State Darwin Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm 57 Vavilov Street, koj yuav tsum yuav daim pib ntawm lub thawv ntawv, uas nyob rau hauv pem teb. Tus nqi pib rau cov neeg laus yog 400 rubles, rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv, cov menyuam kawm ntawv thiab cov neeg laus cov nyiaj laus yog 100 rubles. Cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool, qub tub rog, menyuam ntsuag, cov neeg tsis taus thiab cov menyuam los ntawm cov tsev neeg loj tuaj yeem nkag tau dawb.
Cais, nws tsim nyog teev tus nqi rau kev nthuav tawm ib ntus thiab kev nthuav qhia, nrog rau cov kev mus ncig ua si, qhov twg tus nqi yuav nyob ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg hauv pab pawg.
Kev ua si rau menyuam yaus ntawm State Darwin Museum
Cov qhua uas xav paub tshaj plaws, tau kawg, yog cov menyuam yaus uas tuaj ntawm no nrog lawv chav kawm, nrog rau lawv niam lawv txiv. Koj tuaj yeem siv sijhawm ntev ntawm no, thiab tus menyuam yuav tsis nkees, tab sis yuav xav rov los.
Ntau yam kev ua ub no tau tsim rau cov menyuam yaus, qhov chaw lawv kawm kab, nceb, muaj xws li kev kawm txog tsiaj txhu, ib qho kev qhia ua yeeb yam lossis "Ecological trail".
Nws tsim nyog qhia zaj lus qhia rau cov menyuam yaus thiab cov niam txiv "Lub Ntiaj Teb Nyob Hauv Lub Tshuab Ntsuas", qhov twg koj tuaj yeem pom ib puag ncig, nthuav dav los ntawm ob pebKaum ob zaug, soj ntsuam lub neej ntawm cov kab mob uas tsis pom ntawm tib neeg lub qhov muag, thiab kawm paub ua haujlwm nrog lub tshuab tsom iav.
Dab tsi yog cov chav kawm thematic:
- "Muaj ntau yam microcosm", uas yuav tso cai rau koj pom cov kab mob, kawm kom ntxaws, tom qab ntawd koj yuav nkag siab tias lawv tsuas tuaj yeem tsis meej pem, vim tias lawv txhua tus sib txawv.
- "Paj tsawb ntawm kab" - koj puas tau xav paub seb lub puab tsaig sib txawv li cas thiab yog vim li cas cov kab mob thiaj li txheej txheem li no?
- "Leej twg nyob hauv qab peb ko taw" - Muaj pes tsawg cov kab mob nyob hauv av, vim li cas ntuj tsim lawv, lawv zoo li cas?
Ntxhais Ntsuag
Los ntawm kev caij tsheb ciav hlau mus rau Lub Xeev Darwin Tsev khaws puav pheej, tawm mus saib cov xwm txheej nthuav dav thiab cov xwm txheej uas feem ntau tshwm sim txhua xyoo thiab ua kev nthuav qhia ib ntus.
Piv txwv li, Lub Peb Hlis 22 yog Hnub Dej Ntiaj Teb, Lub Plaub Hlis 22 yog Hnub Ntiaj Teb Ntiaj Teb, ib qho kev nthuav dav heev yog Lub Kaum Hli 17 - Hnub Leshy.
Nyob hauv tsev cia puav pheej koj tuaj yeem tsis tau tsuas yog muaj kev lom zem xwb, tab sis kuj ua kev zoo siab rau menyuam yaus hnub yug, uas tus menyuam yuav nco ntsoov mus ib txhis. Muaj ntau qhov kev pab cuam rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog sib txawv thiab nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg tus neeg hauv pab pawg.
Yog li, qhov kev zov me nyuam suav nrog kev sib tham sib tham nrog cov ncauj lus sib txawv, haus tshuaj yej hauv ib chav sib cais thiab, yog tias xav tau, kev tshuaj xyuas ywj pheej ntawm kev nthuav tawm thiab kev hla ntawm labyrinth "Tau txoj hauv kev ntawm evolution".
