Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj hauv Moscow. State Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Oriental Art

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:57

Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Oriental Art yog ib lub tsev khaws khoom nplua nuj thiab nthuav tshaj plaws hauv Moscow. Nyob rau hauv nws koj tuaj yeem paub ntau yam piv txwv ntawm kev muaj tswv yim: cov khoom siv hauv tsev, riam phom, cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ntseeg, duab puab, cov duab kos los ntawm cov tswv nto moo thiab cov kws ua haujlwm tsis paub los ntawm cov teb chaws sab hnub tuaj.

Historical digression

Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Oriental hauv Moscow tshuav nws qhov tshwm sim rau tus tub lag luam nto moo thiab tus neeg pab nyiaj txiag Pyotr Schukin. Nws qhib Shchukin Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Malaya Gruzinskaya Street, qhov chaw uas nws nthuav tawm cov khoom los ntawm nws cov khoom sau sab hnub tuaj. Cov tub lag luam tau sau ntau yam "poob qub txeeg qub teg" los ntawm Persia, Tuam Tshoj, Is Nrias teb, thiab nyiam cov ntawv qub. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej tsis raug kaw txawm tias tom qab nws tuag xyoo 1912.

Tom qab xyoo 1917 kiv puag ncig, Shchukin sau los ua lub hauv paus rau kev tsim lub tsev cia puav pheej tshiab, Ars Asiatica ("Ars of Asia"). Nws tau ntxiv nrog cov khoom pov thawj los ntawm lwm cov khoom ntiag tug uas tau muab tshem tawm los ntawm cov tswv. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas lub tsev khaws puav pheej tau yug los rau lub Kaum Hlis 30, 1918, thiab xyoo tom ntej.thawj exhibition qhib.

Yav tom ntej, Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj tau ntxiv nws cov nyiaj ob qho tib si ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov khoom pov thawj pub los ntawm cov neeg paub txog kev kos duab, thiab ntawm cov nuj nqis ntawm cov khoom tau txais thaum lub sij hawm archaeological thiab ethnographic expeditions. Qee cov ntaub ntawv tau muab faib rau hauv tsev cia puav pheej los ntawm lwm lub koomhaum tseemfwv.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom qab tsov rog, cov teb chaws uas xaiv txoj kev socialist txoj kev loj hlob los yog tso lawv tus kheej los ntawm colonial dependence los ua lub ntsiab ntawm cov khoom pov thawj tshiab. Ua tsaug rau USSR rau lawv txoj kev txhawb nqa, cov thawj coj ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas lub xeev tau nthuav tawm khoom plig rau cov thawj coj ntawm tog thiab tsoomfwv, cov uas yog cov masterpieces tiag tiag. Lub geography ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej nthuav dav, nws tau hloov nws lub npe ob peb zaug thiab, thaum kawg, xyoo 1992 nws tau hloov npe hu ua Xeev Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj.

museum location

Thaum xub thawj, Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj hauv Moscow tsis muaj lub tsev mus tas li. Kom txog rau thaum 1930, nws tswj mus xyuas lub "Girshman lub tsev" ntawm lub Rooj vag liab, thiab Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm tsev cia puav pheej ntawm Red Square, thiab Rozhdestvenka nyob rau hauv lub VKhUTEMAS lub tsev, thiab Kropotkinskaya Embankment. Thawj qhov chaw nyob ruaj khov ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej yog lub Koom Txoos ntawm Eliyas tus Yaj Saub. Thaum tsiv mus rau qhov chaw tshiab hauv lub tsev no muaj qhov tso nyiaj. Thiab tom qab ntawd, Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Cov Neeg Sab Hnub Tuaj tau tso nws cov kev cob qhia kho dua tshiab hauv nws. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej lub tsev qiv ntawv tshawb fawb tseem nyob hauv lub tsev qub.

Thaum Lub Xya Hli 1941, cov khoom pov thawj tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tau coj mus rau Novosibirsk, qee qhov - rau Solikamsk. Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Oriental Art nws tus kheej raug kaw. Txawm li cas los, twb nyob rau hauv lub Tsib Hlis 1942, ib tug exhibition ntawm paintings los ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam ntawm Kazakhstan thiabUzbekistan. Xyoo 1944, cov khoom pov thawj tau rov qab los ntawm kev khiav tawm. Thiab nyob rau lub Tsib Hlis 1945, thawj qhov kev nthuav tawm mus tas li twb qhib lawm.

Tsev khaws puav pheej Oriental ntawm Nikitsky Boulevard

Lub tsev tam sim no uas yog tsev cia puav pheej tsim nyog txaus siab rau nws tus kheej. Lub "Lunin House" ntawm Nikitsky Boulevard tau pauv mus rau lub tsev khaws puav pheej hauv xyoo 1960. Lub tsev no classical-style tau tsim rau tsev neeg ntawm Lieutenant-General Lunin tom qab hluav taws kub xyoo 1812. Tus kws kes duab vajtse ntawm lub tsev tseem ceeb ntawm vaj tse yog Domenico Gilardi. Raws li nws txoj haujlwm, lawv tau pib txhim kho lub tsev nrog lub loggia loj thiab txhua kab hauv Corinthian style, muab lub ntsej muag zoo rau lub ntsiab nkag. Tab sis thaum kawg ntawm kev tsim kho, Lunin tuag, thiab tus poj ntsuam lub tsev tau yuav los ntawm Commercial Bank. Nws nyob hauv lub tsev mus txog xyoo 1917.

Cov kab nruj thiab zoo nkauj ntawm lub tsev ntxim nyiam nrog lawv txoj kev zoo nkauj. Cov chav loj loj thiab cov ntaiv ntev yog nco txog cov khoom zoo nkauj ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th. Tab sis, raws li ntau tus neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev cia puav pheej, thaj chaw tsis haum rau kev nthuav tawm, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov chaw cia khoom. Nws yuav yog qhov zoo tshaj yog tias lub tsev tshiab, loj thiab xis nyob tau ua rau cov nyiaj nplua nuj ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej zoo tshaj plaws.

Kev nthuav qhia tas mus li

Lub tsev khaws puav pheej muaj cov khoom sau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov duab kos duab los ntawm ntau cov lus qhia. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, cov nyiaj muaj txog 150 txhiab ntawm cov khoom pov thawj tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, feem ntau yog cov khoom tshwj xeeb ntawm kev kos duab. Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Cov Neeg Sab Hnub Tuaj hauv xyoo 1991 yog nyob rau hauv Txoj Cai ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Russiacais raws li "Tshwj xeeb cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm Russia".

Kev ua yeeb yam tas mus li tau qhib, uas nthuav tawm cov duab kos duab los ntawm Tuam Tshoj, Nyiv, Sab Hnub Tuaj Asia, Is Nrias teb, Iran. Ib feem loj yog ua los ntawm cov duab kos duab los ntawm cov teb chaws ntawm Central Asia thiab Kazakhstan. Kev saib xyuas ntau yog them rau cov duab kos duab ntawm Buryatia, Mongolia, Tibet.

Nyob rau hauv qhov kev nthuav qhia rau kev kos duab ntawm Transcaucasia thiab Central Asia, ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb tau muab rau cov duab ntawm tus tswv nto moo Martiros Saryan thiab Niko Pirosmani. Cov hauj lwm no, uas tsis zoo li cov duab kos duab los ntawm cov kws kos duab sab hnub tuaj, ua rau koj nkag siab tias tsis muaj ib thaj tsam thiab kev txwv rau tus kws kos duab tiag tiag.

Ib chav cais yog mob siab rau kev kos duab ntawm cov neeg nyob rau sab qaum teb, qhov chaw tshwj xeeb yog them rau walrus ivory carving. Nws nyuaj rau ntseeg tias txawm tias cov khoom siv hauv tsev zoo nkauj tuaj yeem zoo nkauj heev.

Creative cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm Roerichs

Ntxiv rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev cia puav pheej ntawm oriental kab lis kev cai thiab kos duab, lub tuam tsev tau mob siab rau cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm Nicholas thiab Svyatoslav Roerich nyob hauv ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb hauv tsev cia puav pheej. Cov no yog ob lub tsev, uas muaj 282 daim duab los ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam nto moo - leej txiv thiab tus tub. Kev sau yog ib qho loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Tus neeg taug kev, tus kws tshaj lij thiab tus kws kos duab Nicholas Roerich tau siv sijhawm kaum xyoo dhau los ntawm nws lub neej hauv ib lub zos me hauv Himalayas. Rau nws amazing paintings depicting zoo kawg li views ntawm lub mysterious thiab deb ntawm Tibet, nws raug hu ua "tus tswv ntawm lub roob." Feem ntau ntawm cov paintings nyob rau hauv lub tsev cia puav pheej yog nyob rau lub sij hawm no. Cov duab ci ntsa iab thiab zoo nkauj no ib leeg ua rau kev mus ntsib.museum.

Nicholas Roerich tau los ua tus tsim ntawm nws tus kheej kev qhia, uas coj los ua ke Eastern mysticism, pantheism thiab siab European kab lis kev cai. Qhov kev taw qhia ntawm esotericism no tau pom ntau tus thwjtim hauv ntiaj teb. Lawv kuj nyiam mus rau Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Oriental Art (Moscow).

Lub Roerich memorial chaw ua haujlwm kuj nthuav tawm cov phau ntawv uas tsis tshua muaj tshaj plaws. Ib txhia ntawm lawv muaj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv luam. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau sau ib qho tshwj xeeb sau los ntawm oriental antiquities.

haujlwm tshawb fawb

Lub Xeev Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Cov Neeg Sab Hnub Tuaj los ntawm thawj hnub pib tshawb fawb txog kev ua haujlwm. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los kawm tag nrho cov khoom pov thawj, tsim txoj hauv kev ntawm lawv txoj kev nkag mus rau hauv Russia, taug qab txoj hauv kev hauv keeb kwm, cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kos duab ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv thaj tsam sab hnub tuaj ntawm Eurasia.

Qhov pib ntawm archaeological kev taw qhia tau nteg nyob rau hauv 1926, thaum ob qho tseem ceeb ntoj ke mus kawm rau Termez (Turkmenistan) tau koom nyob rau hauv cov thawj coj ntawm tus thawj coj V. P. Denike. Lawv qhov tshwm sim yog qhov tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm cov khoom los ntawm excavations ntawm lub palace ntawm XII caug xyoo.

Nyob rau xyoo 1929, thawj qhov kev mus yuav khoom ntawm kev kos duab oriental tau ua tiav.

Kev tshawb fawb tsis tau nres txawm tias thaum Tsov Rog Tsov Rog Loj.

Tam sim no, yuav luag ob feem peb ntawm cov khoom pov thawj tau nthuav tawm hauv lub tsev cia puav pheej yog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb fawb archaeological. Lawv lub hnub nyoog txawv ntawm Neolithic mus rau XIV-XV centuries.

Lub tsev qiv ntawv tshawb fawb ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej muaj ntau dua 80 txhiab phau ntawvkos duab ntawm cov neeg ntawm sab hnub tuaj. Ntau yam ntawm cov ntawv no muaj tsawg heev, thiab muaj qhov tsis tshua muaj nqi tiag tiag.

Txij xyoo 1987, lub tsev khaws puav pheej muaj lub koom haum tshawb fawb. Nws ntiav ntau tshaj 300 tus kws tshaj lij, suav nrog ntau tus kws kho mob thiab cov neeg sib tw ntawm kev tshawb fawb. Ntxiv nrog rau kev ua haujlwm tshawb fawb nkaus xwb, lawv feem ntau coj mus ncig ntawm cov chav ib leeg thiab muab cov lus qhuab qhia txog kev coj noj coj ua thiab kos duab.

Kev tawm tsam

Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Oriental Art nyob rau hauv Moscow yog ib lub chaw ua haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv lub tebchaws. Lub tsev hais lus tau ua haujlwm tas li nyob rau hauv nws, cov lus qhuab qhia uas tau nyeem los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij tshwj xeeb uas mob siab rau lawv txoj haujlwm. Koj tuaj yeem mus koom ib qho kev qhia tshwj xeeb lossis yuav ib daim ntawv tso npe rau lawv lub voj voog ntawm ib lub ncauj lus tshwj xeeb. Exhibition ntawm niaj hnub kos duab yog feem ntau npaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog paintings los ntawm peb contemporaries, tshwm sim los ntawm oriental motifs. Kev tshuaj ntsuam thematic ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab mob siab rau lub teb chaws ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj, lawv yav dhau los thiab tam sim no tau tuav. Qee lub sij hawm, cov khoom sau los ntawm lwm lub tsev khaws puav pheej thoob ntiaj teb tau nthuav tawm. Piv txwv li, ib qho kev nthuav qhia rau samurai, uas tuaj txog ncaj qha los ntawm Nyiv, tau txais cov lus teb zoo.

Cov neeg uas xav paub txog kev coj noj coj ua ntawm cov tebchaws sab hnub tuaj tau nyiam mus rau Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Cov Neeg Sab Hnub Tuaj thiab ntau yam xwm txheej. Piv txwv li, tshuaj yej ceremonies muaj nyob ntawm no txhua lub lim tiam, uas lovers ntawm Japanese kab lis kev cai siv zog tuaj koom. Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj npaj cov haujlwm ntawm cov duab kos duab rau cov neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus. Kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Indian seev cev "Tarang" kuj tau los ua tus khub mus tas li ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej.

ThaumYog tias koj xav tau, ntawm no koj tuaj yeem tau txais cov txuj ci thawj zaug hauv kev ntaus suab paj nruag oriental, seev cev oriental, kos duab ntawm kev npaj bouquets - ikebana.

Los ntawm kev npaj ua ntej, koj tuaj yeem ua haujlwm hauv chav nyeem ntawv ntawm lub tsev qiv ntawv hauv tsev cia puav pheej, siv cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb nplua nuj ntawm kev coj noj coj ua thiab kos duab.

Ua hauj lwm nrog me nyuam

Rau cov tub ntxhais hluas, Lub Xeev Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Cov Neeg Sab Hnub Tuaj kuj muaj ntau yam kev ua ub no. Cov no yog thematic excursions los ntawm lub tsev ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej, ua los ntawm zoo heev connoisseurs ntawm oriental art, thiab lectures uas ntxiv tsev kawm ntawv cov kev pab cuam ntawm keeb kwm, geography, thiab lub ntiaj teb no artistic kab lis kev cai. Lectures-concerts yog nrov heev, uas, nrog rau cov lus qhia txog kev ua hauj lwm ntawm cov neeg nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, qhia meej meej nws thiab muaj ib tug entertaining tivthaiv.

Tau ntau tshaj 20 xyoo tau muaj ib lub chaw ua yeeb yam menyuam yaus "Turtle" hauv Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj. Nyob rau hauv nws, cov menyuam kawm ntawv kawm painting, painting, graphics, arts thiab crafts. Thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas ntawm lub studio nyiam ua qauv av nplaum thiab av nplaum, origami thiab appliqué.

Cov menyuam daim pib mus rau lub tsev cia puav pheej yog pheej yig dua li cov neeg laus, thiab nkag mus yog dawb rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool. Rau lwm hom kev pabcuam - kev qhuab qhia, kev mus ncig ua si, ntau chav kawm - ntau yam luv nqi kuj muab.

Rau antique lovers

Ib qho khoom qub qub "Sean" tau tsim nyob hauv tsev cia puav pheej. Nws tsuas yog ib qho ntawm nws hom, txij li tsis muaj lwm qhov chaw ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb nrog cov khoom qub qub hauv peb lub tebchaws. Nws feem ntau muaj ntau yamart khoom los ntawm Nyiv thiab Tuam Tshoj. Cov khoom tsim los ntawm ntau yam ntaub ntawv ib txwm nyob rau sab hnub tuaj - bronze, porcelain, ntoo, pob txha - yog qhov xav tau ntawm cov neeg sau khoom. Cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, paj ntaub, ntaub pua plag, khaub ncaws hauv tebchaws tau nthuav tawm tsis yog los ntawm Far East, tab sis kuj los ntawm lwm lub tebchaws ntawm Asia thiab Africa.

Cov khoom nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm Japanese cov duab me me - netsuke thiab okimono.

Tib lub sijhawm, lub tsev cia puav pheej muaj cov neeg tuaj saib hauv tsev cia puav pheej cov khoom pheej yig uas tuaj yeem yuav khoom plig, khoom plig rau hnub yug lossis hnub tseem ceeb, thiab kho tsev. Oriental kiv cua, robes, bracelets thiab rings ntawm tsoos minting tsuas yog ob peb yam uas koj yuav tau ntawm no.

Tsim nyog pom

Tau kawg, Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Oriental Peoples hauv Moscow nthuav tawm cov khoom loj ntawm ntau yam khoom kos duab. Tab sis qee qhov khoom pov thawj nyiam ntau dua li lwm tus.

Cov khoom no suav nrog lub ntiaj teb cov kaus ntxhw loj tshaj plaws dav dawb hau daim duab. Nws tau coj los ua khoom plig rau lub koob tsheej rau Nicholas II los ntawm tus huab tais Japanese. Kuj ceeb tias, txoj haujlwm no tau ua tiav hauv cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ua ke. Cov craftsmen ua lub cev thiab tis ntawm dav dawb hau los ntawm ntoo. Thiab rau lub plumage mus ib thiab ib nrab txhiab ua tib zoo polished ivory daim hlau. Thiab dav dawb hau yog nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm yav dhau ntawm ib qho screen, uas qhia txog lub hiav txwv cua daj cua dub - ib tug nyiam motif ntawm Japanese ntxias.

Kev sau ntawm Buryat lub ntsej muag siv thaum lub sijhawm ua koob tsheej ua rau muaj kev zoo siab rau cov neeg tuaj saib. Lub ntsej muag txaus ntshai rau ntawm lawv yog tsim los kom tshem tawm cov dab phem thiabyuav zoo meej rau cov yeeb yaj kiab txaus ntshai.

Cov txuj ci ntawm chasers thiab engravers yog sawv cev hauv kev sau nyiaj ntawm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub los ntawm Turkmenistan thiab Dagestan (cov khoom nrov Kubachi). Qhov zoo tshaj plaws walrus ivory carving ua los ntawm Chukchi craftsmen attracts lub qhov muag. Thiab hauv cov chav nyob sib ze koj tuaj yeem pom cov khoom siv kaus ntxhw los ntawm lwm sab ntawm lub ntiaj teb.

Ntau cov dluab coj los ntawm txawv teb chaws yog ob qho tib si zoo sib xws thiab txawv tib lub sijhawm. Qee tus ntawm lawv muaj lub ntsej muag tawv ncauj, lwm tus luag nyav, thiab lwm tus raug cais tawm ntawm lub ntiaj teb thiab tsom ntsoov rau lawv tus kheej. Lub Buddha figurines los ntawm Indochina ceg av qab teb yog amazing - nrog earlobes kos rau lub xub pwg nyom.

Cov neeg ua haujlwm Suav tau muaj npe nrov rau kev kos cov pob nested los ntawm cov kaus ntxhw, thiab lawv tau ua los ntawm ib qho pob txha, qee zaum dhau ntawm ntau tiam neeg. Los yog ib lub zos carved ntawm tus ntxhw tusk, qhov twg koj tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm txhua tus neeg nyob hauv thiab lawv yog tus kheej rau txhua tus! Yuav ua li cas ib tug yuav tsis nco qab "cov tub rog av nplaum" ntawm Emperor Qin Shi Huang, nyob rau hauv uas txhua tus tub rog raug molded los ntawm ib tug neeg!

Npaj suav sau cov ntaub pua plag. Muaj cov khoom siv tes ua thaum ub uas ua los ntawm cov ntaub qhwv ntuj. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov qauv ntawm cov ntaub pua plag niaj hnub ua los ntawm cov ntaub plaub thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv nyob ze. Muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb rau cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb hauv lub neej.

Lub sijhawm xyoo dhau los ntawm Soviet lub zog, cov duab ntawm V. I. Lenin thiab lwm tus thawj coj ntawm lub ntiaj teb proletariat, tau ua ntau yam. Cov txheej txheem: paintings, sculptures, ntaub pua plag, ntoo thiab pob txha carvings… Tam sim no feem coob ntawm lawv yog nyob rau hauv lub tsev khaws puav pheej cov nyiaj depository.

Lub Xeev Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Oriental Art zoo siab rau cov piv txwv zoo kawg nkaus ntawm Oriental painting. Cov no yog ntau yam toj roob hauv pes ntawm daim ntawv lossis ntawm cov ntaub lo lo ntxhuav, keeb kwm los ntawm Nyiv thiab Tuam Tshoj. Cov duab ua nrog tus cwj mem ntawm cov lo lo ntxhuav amaze nrog lawv cov xim thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo.

Cov khoom lag luam Porcelain tau sawv cev feem ntau los ntawm Japanese netsuke figurines. Lawv tau siv los ua qhov hnyav rau qhov hnyav ntawm txoj siv, vim Japanese kimonos tsis muaj hnab ris. Lawv zoo ib yam li lwm cov duab uas tau muab tso rau hauv lub niche ntawm lub tsev, qhov uas nws yog kev cai los dai ib daim duab lossis ib qho lus hais. Cov duab puab me me no hu ua okimono.

Lub tsev khaws puav pheej muaj qee yam pom rau tus kws tshawb fawb, cov menyuam kawm ntawv, thiab tsuas yog tus hlub ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis paub txog sab hnub tuaj. Ntxiv mus, daim pib nqi yog kev ywj pheej heev, thiab muaj ib qho kev txo nqi rau qee yam ntawm cov qhua.

Yog tias koj xav hnov qab ib ntus txog lub sijhawm nyob ib puag ncig, lub neej niaj hnub grey, mus saib Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Cov Neeg Sab Hnub Tuaj hauv Moscow!