Kazakhstan: kev lag luam. Ministry of National Economy ntawm lub koom pheej ntawm Kazakhstan

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Kazakhstan: kev lag luam. Ministry of National Economy ntawm lub koom pheej ntawm Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan: kev lag luam. Ministry of National Economy ntawm lub koom pheej ntawm Kazakhstan

Video: Kazakhstan: kev lag luam. Ministry of National Economy ntawm lub koom pheej ntawm Kazakhstan

Video: Kazakhstan: kev lag luam. Ministry of National Economy ntawm lub koom pheej ntawm Kazakhstan
Video: Ua poj nrauj vim nyiam sib deev. 10/7/2017 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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Hauv nruab nrab ntawm Asia muaj ib lub xeev loj hu ua Kazakhstan. Kev lag luam ntawm lub teb chaws no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov qauv kev lag luam agro-industrial thiab muaj zog mining sector. Hais txog nws lub peev xwm tag nrho, nws yog qhov loj tshaj plaws hauv cheeb tsam Central Asian.

Kev lag luam niaj hnub ntawm Kazakhstan - nws zoo li cas? Thiab nws txoj kev cia siab rau yav tom ntej yog dab tsi? Wb sim saib seb.

Kazakhstan: kev lag luam ntawm lub tebchaws (cov ntsiab lus)

Kazakhstan yog lub teb chaws agro-kev lag luam. Hais txog GDP ib tus neeg ($ 11,000), nws nyob qib 54 hauv ntiaj teb qeb duas. Kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam ntawm Kazakhstan tshwm sim tsuas yog los ntawm kev rho tawm cov zaub mov, uas yog, lub teb chaws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov khoom siv raw ntawm kev lag luam.

Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Kazakhstan yog tenge (txij li lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1993). Lub npe los ntawm Turkic "denge" - qhov no yog li cas me me Turkic nyiaj npib raug hu ua nyob rau hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog. Los ntawm txoj kev, nws yog lub npe no uas tsiv mus rau Lavxias teb sab - nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lo lus zoo-paub "nyiaj".

Kazakhstan kev khwv nyiaj txiag
Kazakhstan kev khwv nyiaj txiag

Main IndustriesKazakhstani kev lag luam yog mining, metallurgy (ob leeg ferrous thiab non-ferrous), tsheb laij teb lub tsev, thiab tsim cov khoom siv.

Russia, Tuam Tshoj, Tebchaws Asmeskas, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees yog cov lag luam tseem ceeb ntawm koom pheej Kazakhstan. Kev lag luam ntawm lub teb chaws no yog tsom rau kev rho tawm thiab xa tawm cov khoom siv ntxhia. Cov teb chaws no tsuas yog muab los ntawm Kazakhstan nrog cov thee, refined tooj liab, ferroalloys, roj thiab roj.

Txawm li cas los xij, tsis pub ntau tshaj 16% ntawm tag nrho cov pej xeem hauv lub tebchaws tau ua haujlwm hauv kev tsim khoom. Lwm 24% ua haujlwm hauv kev ua liaj ua teb thiab hav zoov, thiab feem ntau ntawm cov neeg Kazakhstan (kwv yees li 60%) tau koom nrog hauv qhov hu ua "tertiary" sector ntawm kev lag luam (kev pabcuam thiab cov ntaub ntawv).

Kev lag luam thiab lub zog

Metallurgy yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws, ob qho tib si ferrous thiab non-ferrous. Lub teb chaws kev lag luam ntawm Kazakhstan yog nyob ntawm qhov ruaj khov ntawm kev lag luam metallurgical. Hais txog cov hlau ore reserves, lub teb chaws yog nyob rau saum kaum nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no.

National Economy ntawm Kazakhstan
National Economy ntawm Kazakhstan

Ntau hom khoom dov yog tsim ntawm Arcelor Mittal Temirtau cog hauv Karaganda. Yav dhau los, qhov kev cog qoob loo tag nrho yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Soviet ferrous metallurgy. Kazakhstan tseem yog lub ntiaj teb coob tsim khoom ntawm refined tooj liab.

Lub tshuab-tsev complex kuj tseem tsim nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws. Kazakhstan tsim cov tshuab xovxwm zoo, cov cuab yeej siv tshuab, roj teeb, thiab cov khoom siv xoo hluav taws xob. Cov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv tshuab engineering yog lub nroog Aktobe, Shymkent thiabAstana.

Lub zog rau lub teb chaws txoj kev lag luam yog muab los ntawm 40 lub tuam txhab hluav taws xob (ntawm 37 lub tshuab hluav taws xob thermal thiab 3 lub tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob). Txhua lub tshuab hluav taws xob thermal ua haujlwm ntawm lawv tus kheej mined hard thee.

Agriculture

Kev Ua liaj ua teb tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb rau kev lag luam ntawm Kazakhstan.

kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam ntawm Kazakhstan
kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam ntawm Kazakhstan

Tus thawj coj hauv qhov kev lag luam no yog kev tsim cov nplej, uas yog kev cog qoob loo ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav. Kazakhstan tsim tawm txog 15-20 lab tons ntawm nplej txhua xyoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaj chaw tseem ceeb ntawm thaj av (av arable) yog nyob ntawm cov qoob loo ntawm pob kws thiab oats. Lub teb chaws muaj kev loj hlob ntawm cov yaj, nees, thiab ntxhuav.

Kev lag luam txawv teb chaws

Kev lag luam ntawm lub koom pheej Kazakhstan yog khi rau kev xa tawm ntawm cov peev txheej thiab cov khoom lag luam xws li roj, roj khoom, hlau ore, hlau tsis muaj hlau thiab nplej. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lub teb chaws yog nquag import tsheb, ntau yam khoom siv thiab khoom siv, thiab khoom noj khoom haus. Cov kab lus tseem ceeb hauv cov qauv ntawm lub xeev cov khoom xa tawm yog cov khoom lag luam roj (kwv yees li 38%).

Ministry of Economy ntawm lub koom pheej ntawm Kazakhstan
Ministry of Economy ntawm lub koom pheej ntawm Kazakhstan

Hauv kev lag luam txawv teb chaws, kwv yees li 60% ntawm ob qho tib si xa tawm thiab xa tawm poob rau CIS thiab B altic xeev. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias Russia yog tus khub lag luam tseem ceeb ntawm lub tebchaws. Kazakhstan tseem nquag txhim kho thiab tswj kev lag luam kev sib raug zoo nrog Tuam Tshoj, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Ukraine, Qaib ntxhw, Czech koom pheej, Tebchaws Asmeskas, Belarus, Kaus Lim Qab Teb thiab lwm lub tebchaws.

Kev lag luam hauv cheeb tsam ntawm lub tebchaws

Lub koom pheej ntawm Kazakhstan tau muab faib ua tsib kev lag luamkoog tsev kawm ntawv, txhua tus muaj nws tus kheej tshwj xeeb. Cov no zoo li:

  1. North.
  2. Southern.
  3. Central.
  4. Western.
  5. Oriental.

Tam sim no, thaj tsam Western kev lag luam tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim roj thiab roj, thaj chaw Eastern thiab Central economic cheeb tsam - hauv kev siv tshuab engineering, ferrous thiab non-ferrous metallurgy, Northern - hauv kev rho tawm cov thee, hlau ore., kev tsim hluav taws xob thiab khoom siv hauv tsev.

Kev Ua liaj ua teb, kev nuv ntses thiab hav zoov tau tsim nyob rau yav qab teb Economic Region. Nplej, nplej, paj rwb, zaub, txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog nquag cog ntawm no; tsim kev yug yaj thiab nees. Cov ntxhuav kuj tau bred nyob rau hauv cov suab puam ntawm yav qab teb Kazakhstan.

Ministry of Economy ntawm koom pheej Kazakhstan

Txhua cov txheej txheem hauv lub tebchaws kev lag luam yog tswj hwm thiab koom tes los ntawm tsoomfwv. Txhawm rau kom meej meej, qhov haujlwm no poob rau ntawm lub xub pwg nyom ntawm ib qho ntawm nws lub cev. Nov yog Ministry of National Economy ntawm Republic of Kazakhstan. Muaj tseeb tiag, niaj hnub no lub cev muaj lub npe txawv kiag li: "Ministry of Economy thiab Budget Planning." Lub npe uas twb muaj lawm tau raug tso cai tawm thaum lub Yim Hli 2014.

Ministry of Economy ntawm Kazakhstan
Ministry of Economy ntawm Kazakhstan

Lub chaw haujlwm, coj los ntawm Yerbolat Dosaev, tswj hwm kev txhim kho ntawm txhua qhov chaw ntawm lub xeev txoj cai kev lag luam. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev no yog tsim kom muaj kev tswj hwm zoo uas yuav muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li cov dej num tau teev tseg los ntawm lub xeev. Lub Ministry kuj saib xyuas txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam txheej txheem thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub teb chaws nrogtxawv teb chaws koom tes.

Kazakhstan kev lag luam: kev cia siab rau yav tom ntej ze

Kev txhim kho kev lag luam ntawm Kazakhstan nyob rau yav tom ntej ze ze ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntsib teeb meem loj. Qhov ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov, oddly txaus, tej zaum yuav tshwm sim uas tshwm sim nyob deb ntawm lub xeev ciam teb ntawm lub koom pheej, uas yog, qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv Ukraine.

Ntau tus kws tshaj lij kwv yees tias kev ua tsov rog hauv Donbass, nrog rau qhov xwm txheej nrog Crimea, yuav cuam tshuam rau kev lag luam ntawm Kazakhstan, lub tebchaws uas muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog Russia. Kev nplua nyiaj txiag los ntawm sab hnub poob ntawm Lavxias Federation yuav cuam tshuam rau Kazakhstan hauv ib txoj kev lossis lwm qhov. Muaj tseeb, nrog qee qhov kev ncua tsis txaus.

Ministry of National Economy ntawm lub koom pheej ntawm Kazakhstan
Ministry of National Economy ntawm lub koom pheej ntawm Kazakhstan

Cov kws tshaj lij hauv kev lag luam hauv tebchaws tau kwv yees tias Kazakhstan yuav hnov qhov tshwm sim thawj zaug ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem no nyob rau nruab nrab xyoo 2015. Yog li, cov nyiaj tau los rau lub xeev cov peev nyiaj hauv lub tebchaws yuav txo qis, uas yuav cuam tshuam rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm Kazakhstanis. Kev nkag mus rau WTO tuaj yeem pab lub tebchaws daws teebmeem. Qhov no, raws li cov kws tshaj lij, yuav pab txo tus nqi rau qee pawg khoom.

Siv qhov xaus

Qhov muaj zog tshaj plaws - hais txog kev muaj peev xwm - lub tebchaws hauv Central Asia yog Kazakhstan. Kev lag luam ntawm lub xeev no feem ntau yog los ntawm kev rho tawm thiab kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov zaub mov. Thiab qhov tseeb no tsis tuaj yeem hu ua qhov zoo rau kev txhim kho lub tebchaws mus ntev.

Kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam thiab nyiaj txiag txoj cai ntawm lub xeev yog coj los ntawmMinistry of Economy ntawm Kazakhstan. Ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm ntawm tsoomfwv lub cev, tshwj xeeb, yog kev npaj tswv yim ntawm kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem ntawm kev lag luam hauv lub tebchaws ntawm cov koom pheej tag nrho.

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