Cypress - yog dab tsi? Hom, piav qhia thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm tsob ntoo cypress

Cov txheej txheem:

Cypress - yog dab tsi? Hom, piav qhia thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm tsob ntoo cypress
Cypress - yog dab tsi? Hom, piav qhia thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm tsob ntoo cypress

Video: Cypress - yog dab tsi? Hom, piav qhia thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm tsob ntoo cypress

Video: Cypress - yog dab tsi? Hom, piav qhia thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm tsob ntoo cypress
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Txij thaum ub los, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm ntau haiv neeg tau rov qab qhuas txog kev zoo nkauj thiab cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cypress, muab tsob ntoo no nrog lub peev xwm tshwj xeeb mystical. Nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm Assyro-Babylonian, tib neeg pom nws yog lub cim ntawm tus vajtswv poj niam ntawm fertility. Cov Phoenicians tau mus pe hawm nws thiab ntseeg hais tias kev paub txog tsob ntoo dawb huv ntawm txoj sia tau muab rau lawv los ntawm cov vajtswv lawv tus kheej. Cov lus qhia ncaj lossis tsis ncaj rau cypress muaj nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw sau ntawv thaum ub, xws li Greek mythology thaum ub thiab cov ntawv sau hauv phau Vajlugkub. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, cov nroj tsuag no ib txwm aroused txaus siab thiab nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm kev pom ntawm noob neej. Peb yuav sim xyuas seb cypress yog dab tsi thiab rau qhov zoo li cas nws muaj nuj nqis.

Cov genus ntawm cypress (Cupressus) yog sawv cev los ntawm cov nroj tsuag loj thiab cov ntoo, uas nws cov duab puab muaj lub tsev pheeb suab lossis cov duab pyramidal, thiab qhov siab txawv ntawm 5 txog 40 meters. Lub cev ntawm cov nroj tsuag graceful yog them nrog tsaus xim av bark nrog nqaim flaking lobes, thiab cov ceg yog heev branched. Cov nplooj me yog xim nrog saturatedntsuab (nyob rau hauv feem ntau hom) thiab nyob rau hauv ib tug ntoo khaub lig-paub npaj: nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais cov qauv lawv yog rab koob, tab sis nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm loj hlob lawv hloov, ua scaly, nruj nreem nyob ib leeg. Cypress noob loj hlob nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig, tiv thaiv zoo li lub khob hliav qab thiab paub tab nyob rau xyoo ob tom qab pollination.

Nrog rau cypress coniferous ntoo txiav txim siab nws txoj sia nyob, qhov nruab nrab ntawm 500 xyoo, tab sis muaj cov qauv uas tau hla dhau txoj kab no. Perennial beauties feem ntau loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub temperate cheeb tsam ntawm sab qaum teb hemisphere, yog dav nyob rau hauv lub Mediterranean, nyob rau hauv yav qab teb Tuam Tshoj, lub Himalayas, Crimea, lub Caucasus thiab North America. Lawv lub hauv paus chiv keeb yog keeb kwm yav dhau los uas lub teb chaws tseeb tseem nyob tsis tau rau noob neej.

dab tsi yog cypress
dab tsi yog cypress

Cypress hauv Russia

Nyob rau hauv tebchaws Russia, cypress tau sau tseg nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, thaum Greek neeg nyob rau hauv ib tug me me npaum li cas mus rau lub Crimean ceg av qab teb. Nws tseem paub hais tias nyob rau hauv ancient Georgia, nyob rau hauv lub palace vaj thiab chaw ua si, nws tau muab tso rau qhov chaw ntawm kev hwm. Nyob rau lub sijhawm tom qab, kev sib kis ntawm cypress tau yooj yim heev los ntawm kev sib kis ntawm cov ntseeg Vajtswv. Tsob ntoo tau dhau los ua ib qho kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov chaw pe hawm, cathedrals thiab cov tsev teev ntuj ua lub cim ntawm txoj sia nyob mus ib txhis thiab kev cia siab rau kev yug dua tshiab.

Tom qab kev koom ua ke ntawm Crimea rau Russia, ntau tus neeg twb paub tias tsob ntoo cypress zoo li cas. Field Marshal G. A. Potemkin tau muab ib qho kev txiav txim kom loj hlob ntawm tsob ntoo kab txawv, cov yub uas tau thauj los ntawmQaib ntxhw xyoo 1787. Muaj ib tug version uas thaum lub sij hawm mus txawv tebchaws ntawm Catherine II mus rau lub Crimea, nws tus kheej koom nyob rau hauv kev cog cypresses nyob rau hauv lub vaj Vorontsov.

Cypress hom

Nyob rau hauv xwm, txog li 30 ntau yam ntawm cypress raug cais, thiab txog 10 subspecies thiab ntau yam sawv tawm nyob rau hauv ornamental vaj. Tab sis pom tau tias, cov nuj nqis no tseem tsis tau kawg, vim qee cov pej xeem raug cais thiab me me, uas ua rau nyuaj rau cov kws sau se txiav txim siab lawv.

hom nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm cypress suav nrog:

  • Arizona,
  • Ntau-fruit,
  • Evergreen,
  • California,
  • Kashmiri,
  • Italian,
  • Marsh,
  • McNaba,
  • Siberian,
  • Mexican.

Feem ntau ntawm cov hom muaj nyob hauv North America, sab qaum teb Africa thiab sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj Asia.

evergreen cypress
evergreen cypress

Evergreen cypress

Ntawm cov hom nrov tshaj plaws ntawm cypress sau los ntawm cov neeg tsim qauv toj roob hauv pes yog Evergreen cypress. Nws tsob ntoo ncav cuag qhov siab ntawm 30 meters, thiab lub cev ntawm lub cev yog 60 centimeters. Lub nqaim pyramidal crown muaj nyias, densely muab tso rau ceg, uas tua tau muab hloov pauv sib txawv. Lub bark ntawm lub cev nrog longitudinal tawg nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas cov ntoo muaj ib lub teeb xim av, nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus nws yog grey. Cov nplooj me me muaj glossiness me ntsis, lawv raug nias ze rau qhov tua. Vim qhov kev loj hlob sai, qhov siab ntawm evergreen cypress yog twb 4 meters thaum muaj hnub nyoog 8 xyoo, thiabfruitfulness tshwm sim ua ntej - los ntawm 4 xyoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsob ntoo muaj lub hauv paus zoo tsim, sawv cev los ntawm daim ntawv pas nrig.

Txawm hais tias txhua tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cypress muaj "evergreen" nplooj, tab sis tsuas yog hom no tau txais txiaj ntsig kom muaj cov lus hais lus hauv lub npe. Qhov tseeb yog hais tias lub epithet tau txais rov qab nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, thaum xws li cov ntoo loj hlob nyob rau hauv sab qab teb ntawm cov teb chaws Europe, thiab yog li ntawd lawv yog ib tug ntawm cov thawj poob rau hauv lub pom ntawm cov neeg ntawm science. Tab sis lub npe cog lus pom zoo rau nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv qee txoj kev, txij li cov yam ntxwv ntawm cypress yog xws li cov nroj tsuag muaj peev xwm zam frosts mus rau -20 degrees, muaj hluav taws kub txaus thiab tiv taus ntev drought.

cypress mcnaba ua
cypress mcnaba ua

McNaba

McNaba Cypress yog tsob ntoo ntoo lossis tsob ntoo uas loj hlob mus txog 12 meters siab. Lub crown ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog dav thiab ntom heev, nrog intensive branching los ntawm lub cev nws tus kheej. Nws qhov chaw nyob yog nyob hauv California thiab Southern Oregon.

Thaum piav txog tsob ntoo cypress ntawm hom no, nws cov Frost tsis kam (txog -25 ° C) thiab drought kam rau ua feem ntau sau tseg. Cov tawv nqaij ntawm lub cev tuaj yeem yog xim liab lossis xim av dub. Luv tua tawm hauv txhua qhov kev taw qhia. Tsaus ntsuab oval-puab koob, thaum rubbed, muab nplua nuj tsw ntawm txiv qaub. Cones yog spherical, tej zaum yuav muaj me ntsis bluish paj. Tom qab lawv loj tuaj, lawv nyob twj ywm rau ntawm tsob ntoo, ua kom cov noob tuaj yeem mus txog 8 xyoo.

Maknaba tau coj mus rau Tebchaws Europe hauv xyoo 1854, thiab 4 xyoo tom qab tau tshwm sim thawj zaug hauv tebchaws Lavxias. Nws yog tam sim nocog tau me me rau ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Dub.

swamp cypress
swamp cypress

Swamp Cypress Tree

Taxody, lossis Swamp Cypress, yog tsob ntoo loj hlob tuaj rau North America. Nws qhov siab nce mus txog 50 meters, thiab nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla, ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub cev, lub girth ncav cuag 12 meters. Ib tsob nroj muaj zog nyiam cov av uas muaj dej, uas nws tau txais nws lub npe. Qhov no tau pom zoo hauv daim duab, qhov twg tsob ntoo cypress loj hlob hauv thaj chaw swampy, towering ntawm cov hauv paus loj "cua". Nws cov ceg tau npog nrog rab koob zoo li nplooj coj mus rau ob qho kev qhia, thiab sab nraud zoo li lub yew.

Nyob rau hauv cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov cypress no, cov koob muaj kev txaus siab tshwj xeeb, uas nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov muaj lub teeb ntsuab xim, thiab los ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg nws yog repainted nyob rau hauv ib tug yellowish-crimson xim. Rau lub caij ntuj no, cov koob tau poob nrog cov tua, ua tsaug uas tsob ntoo tsis yog deciduous xwb, tab sis kuj yog ib hom tsis tshua muaj ceg-poob.

Cov swamp cypress yog dav nyob rau hauv subtropical forests ntawm North America, nyob rau hauv cov av ntub dej. Lub neej expectancy nruab nrab yog 500-600 xyoo, tab sis qee tus neeg muaj peev xwm ua neej nyob ntev txog 10 npaug.

yug ntau yam
yug ntau yam

Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws

Cypress shrubs thiab ntoo yog qhov xav tau hauv kev cog qoob loo, uas tau ua rau muaj qhov loj thiab cov duab tshiab ntawm cov nroj tsuag zoo. Cov hom ornamental cypress feem ntau yog Mev, Evergreen thiab Arizona.

Mexican cypress siabmus txog 40 meters. Nws lub crown dav zoo li lub tsev pheeb suab, thiab cov koob tsaus yog lub qe-puab. Cov nroj tsuag tsis tiv taus drought thiab txias txias. Cov nram qab no ntau yam ntawm cypress yog muab los ntawm nws:

  • Bentama - lub kaus mom nqaim thiab tsis tu ncua, cov ceg ntoo nyob hauv tib lub dav hlau, cov xim ntawm cov koob txawv ntawm grey mus rau ntsuab tsaus.
  • Tristis - columnar crown, yoog raws cov ceg loj tuaj.
  • Lindley - tsaus ntsuab tua nrog cov buds loj.

Evergreen cypress yog qhov loj heev uas muaj lub ntsej muag pyramidal thiab xiav-ntsuab koob. Nws txawv ntawm nws cov neeg sib tw hauv lub neej expectancy (txog 2000 xyoo lossis ntau dua). Cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsim ntau hom kev cog qoob loo ntawm xws li cypress uas tam sim no nws tuaj yeem loj hlob hauv tsev:

  • Montrosa, Fastigiata Forlucelu - tsob ntoo qis.
  • Stricta yog tsob ntoo tawv nrog lub ntsej muag tuab tuab.
  • Indica - lub kaus mom raug nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kab.

Arizona cypress yog ntau yam loj hlob mus txog 21 meters siab, zam me ntsis frosts thiab tiv taus droughts, tab sis tib lub sij hawm nyiam lub teeb. Nws grey-ntsuab crown yog sawv cev los ntawm ib tug dav pin-puab daim ntawv. Raws li cov nroj tsuag no, breeders bred cov nram qab no ntau yam ntawm cypress:

  • Konika yog tsob ntoo nrog koob grey-xiav rau huab cua sov.
  • Ashersoniana yog tsob ntoo luv.
  • Pyramidalis - ntau yam nrog lub ntsej muag conical thiab koob grey.
  • Compacta yog ib daim ntawv cog ntoo ntawm cypress nrog xiav-ntsuab tint ntawm koob.
kev yug me nyuam cypress
kev yug me nyuam cypress

Tsavcypress: los ntawm noob rau tsob ntoo

Cia peb xav txog cov txheej txheem kom ntxaws ntxiv. Cypress nyob rau hauv tsev, nrog rau cov noob txoj kev, kuj yuav bred vegetatively, uas yuav propagation los ntawm txheej thiab cuttings. Cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb rau txhua txoj kev xaiv yuav yog: teeb pom kev zoo, kev sib cais los ntawm cov cua muaj zog thiab cov av ntws.

Reproduction by noob. Ntawm no, ib qho tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv cov av, uas nyob rau hauv sib npaug proportions yuav tsum muaj xuab zeb, peat thiab soddy av. Cov noob tau muab tso rau hauv lub thawv rau qhov tob ntawm 2 centimeters thiab raug rau sab hnub ci. Tom qab ob peb lub hlis, lawv sprout, yog hais tias cov av yog moistened tsis tu ncua. Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav, ntawm qhov kub ntawm 13-15 ° C, cog sprouts.

Kev tsim tawm los ntawm txheej txheej. Txoj kev no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev nthuav tawm hauv tsev cypress. Tua loj hlob mus rau hauv av yog khoov mus rau hauv qab heev thiab ib tug incision yog ua, ntxig ib lub pob zeb rau hauv nws. Tom ntej no, tua yog pw rau hauv av nrog ib tug incision thiab tsau los ntawm sprinkling nws nrog av. Tom qab cov hauv paus hniav raug tsim, txheej yog cais los ntawm niam cov nroj tsuag thiab transplanted.

YPropagation by cuttings. Cov txiav me me (qhov loj 5-15 centimeters) raug txiav los ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas tua thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav thiab cov koob raug tshem tawm hauv qab no. Tom qab ntawd lawv tau cog rau hauv lub lauj kaub uas muaj xuab zeb thiab ntoo thuv tawv, qhov chaw uas lawv tau cag tau ntau lub hlis.

tu noob
tu noob

Thaum xub thawj, cypress seedlings xav tau dej ntau: nyob rau nruab nrab, ib lub thoob dej ib lub lim tiam yog siv. Nyob rau hauv huab cua qhuav, watering yuav tsum tau nce, tab sis kujyuav tsum tau txuas thiab tshuaj tsuag. Cov ntoo tsis muaj zog 2 zaug hauv ib hlis yuav tsum tau pub nrog cov chiv nyuaj. Nrog rau qhov pib ntawm lub caij txias, yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv ntxiv: cov hauv paus hniav yog them nrog sawdust, ntawm qhov kub qis dua cov nroj tsuag tau them tag nrho. Kev siv ntawm kev tu cypress nrog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev loj hlob maj mam txo qis, thiab thaum muaj hnub nyoog 3-4 xyoos, tsuas yog 2 qhov hnav khaub ncaws saum toj kawg nkaus tau muab rau ib lub caij, thiab watering tsuas yog thaum lub caij ntuj qhuav heev.

Tom qab cog, qhov kev loj hlob ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas cypress ntoo tso cai rau ob peb lub caij los txiav cov yas, tsim cov duab uas xav tau. Cov ceg tuag raug tshem tawm thaum lub Peb Hlis, thiab nrog rau qhov muaj huab cua sov, cov nroj tsuag tuaj yeem txiav tag nrho.

cypress nyob rau hauv Russia
cypress nyob rau hauv Russia

Siv cypress

Ntxiv rau qhov kev xav zoo nkauj, cypress yeej ib txwm muaj npe nrov rau nws cov ntoo. Nws tau ua tiav zoo los ntawm txhua yam, txawm tias muaj ntau yam knots uas cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem. Nws cov cuab yeej cuab tam yog sib npaug rau ntoo thuv. Yog li, cov khoom tsim tau ntawm cypress yog xws li tias nws tau ua tiav siv hauv kev tsim kho, kev tsim nkoj thiab khoom siv rooj tog. Thiab los ntawm nws cov koob thiab tua, cov roj yam tseem ceeb yog tsim, uas muaj nuj nqis heev hauv cov tshuaj thiab kev lag luam naj hoom. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntsiab lus ntawm aromatic resins nyob rau hauv ntoo ua rau cov ntoo los ntawm kev tawm tsam los ntawm kab.

Raws li cov khoom kho mob, nws tau ntev tau paub tias cypress groves muaj txiaj ntsig rau tib neeg lub cev. Cov pa oxygen uas tsim los ntawm cov ntoo evergreen zoo rhuav tshem cov kab mob pathogenic. Yog li ntawd, taug kev yooj yim hauv lub tiaj ua si nrog cypresses pab txhim kho kev tiv thaiv thiab ua kom lub suab ntawm lub cev tag nrho. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov huab cua huv si nyob ib ncig ntawm cov nroj tsuag no muaj endorphins uas txhawb koj tus ntsuj plig.

ancient cypress
ancient cypress

Npaj qhov tseeb

  • Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm Iran loj hlob cypress Zoroastrian Sarv, ib qho ntawm cov nroj tsuag qub tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Nws muaj hnub nyoog tshaj 4 txhiab xyoo, sib xws rau lub sij hawm ntawm thawj forged Asian chariot.
  • Muaj kev xav tias cov duab pyramidal ntawm cypress yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm thawj qhov kev xaiv.
  • Confucius hu ua cypress ntawm lwm tsob ntoo, coj nws ua lub cim ntawm kev ua neej ntev thiab kev zoo siab.
  • Lub ntsiab lus ntawm cypresses li "evergreens" txhais tau hais tias lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav tshiab, uas kav ntev txog 3-5 xyoos.
  • Nyob thaum ub, cov kob ntawm Cyprus tau npog nrog cov hav zoov tuab thiab cypress yog ib tsob ntoo ntau tshaj plaws.
  • Raws li cov ntawv ntawm kev cai dab qhuas hauv phau Vajlugkub, tsob ntoo cypress yog cov nroj tsuag ntawm lub Vaj Edees. Thiab tseem muaj qhov kev xav tias nws yog ntoo cypress uas yog cov khoom siv rau kev tsim kho Nau-a lub nkoj.

Pom zoo: