Polish saber: keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim, ntau hom, piav qhia nrog cov duab, nta ntawm kev saib xyuas thiab cov cai ntawm kev laj kab

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 08:06

Txhua tus kws tshaj lij ntawm riam phom edged paub Polish saber. Zoo, rau cov neeg uas nyuam qhuav koom nrog qhov kev nyiam nyiam no, nws yuav yog qhov txaus nyiam kom kawm paub ntau ntxiv txog cov riam phom no: nws nthuav dab tsi, thaum twg nws tshwm sim, nws muaj txiaj ntsig dab tsi, thiab ntau ntxiv. Peb yuav sim teb tag nrho cov lus nug no kom ntxaws li sai tau.

Nws zoo li cas

Qhov tseeb, Polish saber muaj cov qauv zoo ib yam li ntau ntau hom riam phom ntawm nws lub sijhawm. Tsis zoo li Western thiab Central Europe, qhov twg rab ntaj maj mam tig mus ua rapiers thiab ntaj, nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Europe nws yog saber uas hloov cov riam phom hnyav no. Nws yog zoo meej tsis tau tsuas yog rau cavalry, tab sis kuj rau infantry. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tub rog Polish feem ntau yuav tsum tau tawm tsam nrog Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws thiab tsis tsawg nrog lub teb chaws Ottoman.

Tom qab cov cuab yeej hnyav tau dhau los ua tsis tau nyob hauv Tebchaws Europe, rab ntaj hnyav thiab clumsy yuav tsum tau hloov los ntawm cov riam phom sib zog, txawv ntawm kev ua haujlwm, muaj peev xwm ua kom cov yeeb ncuab tsis muaj zog.kev tiv thaiv. Hauv tebchaws Poland, nws yog saber.

Nws zoo li yooj yim - lub teeb hneev, tus neeg saib xyuas classic thiab nkhaus ntev (qhov kev nkhaus ntawm qhov sib txawv me ntsis nyob ntawm seb cov tub rog xav tau thiab tus kws ntaus hlau lub tswv yim ntawm riam phom zoo tshaj plaws) hniav.

Thaum nws tshwm sim

Hungarian-Polish saber tau los ua haujlwm rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th - xyoo 1580. Vim li cas qhov riam phom loj no tau txais ob lub npe? Vim qhov tseeb, Hungary yog nws lub tebchaws.

In 1576 Stefan Batory, Tub Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Transylvania, tau nce lub zwm txwv ntawm Poland. Nws tau qhia txog kev zam rau txhua yam Hungarian, los ntawm cov khaub ncaws (cov chav nruab nrab thiab cov chav kawm sab saud maj nrawm hloov kho lawv cov khaub ncaws kom raws li tus txiv neej tseem ceeb hauv lub nceeg vaj) rau riam phom.

Lub ntsiab innovation hauv daim teb no yog Polish saber, ib daim duab uas koj tuaj yeem pom hauv kab lus. Nws tau nyiam los ntawm ntau tus tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov riam phom no tau pom nws tus kheej zoo kawg nkaus hauv ntau qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog cov Turks. Yog li ntawd, kev tsim kho tshiab tau txais nrog kev txaus siab thiab niaj hnub no riam phom yog kev txaus siab ntawm ntau tus Poles uas paub lawv keeb kwm zoo. Thiab lub tsev kawm ntawv Polish ntawm saber fencing tau tsim ua tiav, tig mus rau hauv kev kos duab tiag tiag.

kwv yees qhov ntev thiab qhov hnyav

Tau kawg, nws tsis tuaj yeem hais meej qhov ntev thiab qhov hnyav ntawm riam phom - nws nyob ntawm qhov siab, lub zog thiab tsim ntawm cov neeg sib ntaus sib tua nrog lawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis muaj cov qauv zoo sib xws rau riam phom thaum lub sijhawm ntawd, thiab lawv tsis xav tau. Yog li ntawd, ib txwm muaj qee qhov tsis sib xws, txawm tias nws yog hais txog cov qauv zoo sib xws.

BQhov nruab nrab ntev ntawm cov hniav yog li ntawm 77 mus rau 88 centimeters. Cov riam phom ntev dua yuav muaj qhov hnyav dhau lawm, thiab nws yuav tsis yooj yim rau lawv txiav - lawv yuav tsum tau ua kom tsis muaj zog, thiab saber tau txawv qhov tseeb los ntawm nws qhov lightness thiab maneuverability. Zoo, cov hniav luv luv tsis pub ncav cuag tus yeeb ncuab nrog riam phom ntev.

Nyhav kuj hloov pauv - feem ntau los ntawm 800 grams mus rau 1 kilogram. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov riam phom tseem ceeb dua li rab ntaj ib txhais tes classic, uas hnyav ib thiab ib nrab mus rau ob npaug ntau dua li tus saber no.

Cov kab laug sab feem ntau yog nplua nuj (feem ntau yog los ntawm cov neeg nplua nuj), tab sis txawm tias cov qauv yooj yim tshaj plaws hnyav tsawg kawg yog 500 grams.

Vim li cas lawv thiaj li nrov

Cov peev txheej ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tau lees tias Hungarian-Polish saber yog qhov piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm riam phom rau nws lub sijhawm. Thiab ntau cov kev tshawb fawb niaj hnub no lees paub qhov tseeb.

Cia peb pib nrog nws lub teeb - qhov hnyav tsis tshaj li ib kilogram ua rau nws tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog hloov lub kaum ntse ntse ntawm qhov cuam tshuam lossis nres lub riam phom yam tsis tau tshuab, tab sis kuj tso cai rau tus tswv kom tsis txhob nkees - Tom qab tag nrho, kev sib ntaus sib tua feem ntau kav ntev li ntau teev. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov thickening ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov hniav muab lub tshuab txaus ntshai heev - nrog kev ua tiav viav vias, tus yeeb ncuab tsis muaj phom sij tsis muaj lub caij nyoog me ntsis.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas riam phom zoo meej rau kev siv cov tshuab sib txawv. Tau kawg, vim nws cov duab, saber yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev txiav cov tshuab muaj zog, uas cov tub rog Polish tau nto moo rau. Tab sis ib lub tshuab los ntawm lub xub pwg nyom raws li ib tug rub kuj tso caiua kom tus yeeb ncuab rhuav tshem, lossis tsawg kawg ua rau nws lub qhov txhab txaus ntshai, tom qab ntawd nws nyuaj heev kom rov zoo.

Thaum kawg, cov lus taw qhia ntawm cov hniav tsis dhau nkhaus ua rau nws ua tau, yog tias tsim nyog, txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhuam cov hniav tuaj yeem ua rau nws muaj peev xwm, yog tias tsim nyog, txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhuam cov hniav yog qhov ua tau, yog tias tsim nyog. Cov neeg tawm tsam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov Turks, tsis xav tias qhov kev txais tos los ntawm qhov zoo li kev paub riam phom. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias cov tub rog uas nrog cov sabers muaj ib daim npav tseem ceeb ntawm lawv lub tes tsho, feem ntau tso cai rau lawv tawm los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua.

Ua tsaug rau qhov no, Polish saber tau txais qhov muaj koob meej. Lub xyoo pua 17th tau cim los ntawm cov tub rog nrog lub tebchaws Ottoman: xyoo 1620-1621, 1633-1634, 1666-1671, 1672-1676, thiab 1683-1699.

Leej twg armed them

Lwm qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm riam phom yog nws txoj kev siv ntau yam. Nws yog zoo meej rau ob qho tib si cov neeg nplua nuj ntawm cov pej xeem thiab cov tub rog zoo tib yam. Ntawm chav kawm, thawj zaug sim ua riam phom rau kev txiav txim, kom nws tag nrho sib haum mus rau lub zog, endurance thiab complexion ntawm tus tswv. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub scabbard thiab hilt tau ua tib zoo dai kom zoo nkauj. Zoo, cov tub rog zoo tib yam tau txaus siab rau cov riam phom uas tau muab los ntawm lub xeev - tsis muaj lus nug txog kev kho kom zoo nkauj.

Lub saber tau siv tsis yog los ntawm cov tub rog, tab sis kuj los ntawm cov tub rog. Muaj tseeb tiag, nyob rau hauv rooj plaub tom kawg, qhov kev nyiam tau raug muab rau cov hniav nkhaus - ua tsaug rau lawv, nws muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev phom sij txaus ntshai tshaj plaws ntawm lub gallop, xyaum txiav cov yeeb ncuab hauv ib nrab. Tab sis hauv kev sib ntaus los ntawm ko taw, nws pom nws tus kheej zoo. Yog lawm, paub txog kev sib ntaus sib tua simxaiv ib tug riam phom nrog ib tug kuj txawm hniav, tab sis ib tug tej yam khoov tau txais tos - cov masters yuav ntaus tam sim ntawd, NW nyuam qhuav rub lub saber los ntawm scabbard, tsis muaj zog viav vias. Hauv qhov xwm txheej no, Polish infantry saber tau cawm ib qho thib ob, yog li cawm tus tswv txoj sia.

Zoo li cas zoo li classic sabers

Yog koj saib cov hniav, txawm tias tus kws tshaj lij tshaj plaws yuav tsis muaj peev xwm sau npe qhov sib txawv ntawm lwm cov sabers uas tau dhau los ua ntau lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb.

Txhua yam zoo nkauj ntawm no. Zoo li txhua saber, cov hniav muaj ob peb ntu:

• Point - qhov hnyav hnyav, feem ntau nyob ntawm lub kaum sab xis mus rau qhov seem ntawm cov hniav. Nws muaj qhov taw tes kawg siv rau stabbing, nrog rau kev txhim kho chopping nrog rau ntu tom ntej. Qee lub sij hawm nws tau ntse ntse ntawm ob sab kom yooj yim nkag mus rau hauv tus yeeb ncuab lub cev thaum stabbing.
• Lub zog yog qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov hniav, uas tau ua tib zoo ua kom zoo tshaj plaws. Sab convex feem ntau yog siv los xa cov kev sib tsoo uas sib cais cov yeeb ncuab ib nrab.
• Lub hauv paus yog txog thawj peb ntawm lub hillt mus rau lub zog. Nws tau xyaum tsis siv rau kev tawm tsam - nws feem ntau coj los ntawm tus yeeb ncuab.

Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, txhua yam zoo nkauj ntawm no. Tab sis muaj qhov sib txawv txaus nyiam tuaj.

Qhov txawv ntawm lwm tus sabers

Raws li koj paub, saber muaj ob lub ntsiab lus - ib rab riam thiab ib rab hneev nrog kov. Yog hais tias cov hniav ntawm ib tug Polish saber tsis txawv los ntawm zoo tib yam sawv daws yuav, ces qhov txawv nyob rau hauv lub hilt thiab hilt. Yog li nws yogyog.

Nws yog qhov xav tsis thoob uas yooj yim thiab compact, tiv thaiv cov tub rog txhais tes, thaum xyaum tsis ua kom qhov hnyav ntawm riam phom. Tau kawg, muaj ntau qhov kev hloov kho, tab sis lawv txhua tus tau koom nrog ib qho ntawm peb pawg uas twb muaj lawm:

1. Qhib - Saber tau muab tsuas yog tus ntoo khaub lig yooj yim tshaj plaws, zoo li ntaj.
2. Semi-kaw - tus ntoo khaub lig tau khoov ntawm lub kaum sab xis, tig mus rau hauv hneev, tab sis tsis ncav cuag pommel. Qhov khoov zoo li no ua rau nws tuaj yeem tshem tawm qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm cov ntiv tes.
3. Kaw - tus neeg saib xyuas tau nruab nrog hneev ntxiv, tsim ib hom pob tawb, zoo li rab ntaj European.

Tau kawg, qhov sib txawv no yog qhov txaus siab tshaj plaws rau cov kws tshaj lij thiab cov neeg uas txaus siab rau keeb kwm ntawm cov riam phom txias European. Tab sis xws li trifles hu ua Polish riam phom nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv cais.

Yuav ua li cas lub Polish saber los ua Armenian

Ntau zaus hauv ntau qhov chaw koj tuaj yeem pom qhov hais txog Armenian saber. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li kev kawm zoo lossis kev sib piv ntawm cov duab, nws hloov tawm tias nws tsis txawv ntawm txhua qhov ntawm Polish tau piav qhia saum toj no. Nws tshwm sim li cas uas Polish saber dheev los ua Armenian?

Qhov tseeb, cov lus teb yooj yim li sai tau. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev hem thawj ntawm kev ntes los ntawm Turks dai hla Armenia. Thiab qhov kev lim hiam ntawm cov neeg tawm tsam no tau paub zoo rau txhua tus - txiv neej raug rhuav tshem, zoo li cov laus, poj niam thiab menyuam yaus raug tsim txom thiab raug thawb mus ua qhev.

Yog li ntawd, hauv qhov txaus ntshaiHauv qhov xwm txheej no, ntau txhiab tus neeg Armenians xaiv tsis tiv thaiv lawv lub tebchaws, tab sis tsuas yog khiav mus rau qhov chaw nyab xeeb dua, uas lub sijhawm ntawd yog Poland.

Los txog ntawm qhov chaw, ntau tus txiav txim siab yuav riam phom, tab sis tus nqi pheej yig tshaj plaws nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd yog Polish saber. Cov txiv neej Armenian taug kev nrog lawv, thiab tsis ntev xws li tus saber tau txais lwm lub npe menyuam yaus - Armenian.

Hussars armed nrog dab tsi

Hussars tau raug suav tias yog kev khav theeb ntawm Poland. Txawb, kev cob qhia zoo, ua siab loj, lawv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ntshai heev rau txhua tus yeeb ncuab. Lawv tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyiam Polish hussar saber. Ceev ceev ntawm kev kub ceev, cov hussars, ua tsaug rau lawv cov kev cob qhia, yooj yim demolished lawv lub taub hau, txiav lawv ob txhais tes, txiav cov yeeb ncuab ntawm xub pwg mus rau pob tw.

Ntau zaus cov scabbard tau txiav nrog cov tawv dub - qhov no yog ib qho cim ntawm kev koom nrog cov tub rog tseem ceeb. Yog li ntawd ib lo lus tshiab tshwm sim - Polish dub saber. Zoo, nws ruam los sib cav - cov hussars tau tso cov yeeb ncuab cov ntshav ntau, tiv thaiv ciam teb ntawm lawv lub tebchaws.

Ntau yam saber

Zoo li txhua yam riam phom nrov, dhau sijhawm, Polish saber hloov me ntsis, ua raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov tswv, thiab qee zaum poob nws cov khoom qub, tau txais cov tshiab, tsim nyog dua. Txawm li cas los xij, kuj tseem muaj qhov tshwj xeeb nqaim uas tau txais cov npe tshiab.

Yog li, "kostyushkovka" tau nthuav dav - saber uas muaj tus ntiv tes hneev nti. Lawv tau nrov tshaj plaws nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, tsis ntev ua ntej lub saber ploj mus li ntawd.

"Zygmuntovka" nquaghu ua riam phom, ntawm cov hniav uas cov nom tswv nplua nuj tau tsoo tus duab ntawm Vaj Ntxwv Zygmunt thib peb.

"Yanovka" yog lub npe menyuam yaus riam phom yog tias daim duab ntawm tus thawj coj Polish Jan III Sobieski tau siv rau nws cov hniav.

Lwm tus huab tais Polish - Stefan Batory - kuj nrov heev hauv nws lub sijhawm. Tsis tsuas yog nws portraits tau carved rau sabers, tab sis kuj inscriptions, ib txoj kev los yog lwm yam txuas nrog huab tais. Qhov kev sib txawv no tau hu ua "batorka".

Tab sis feem ntau yog "Lub Yim Hli" - lawv tau txais lawv lub npe menyuam yaus tib yam li hom riam phom tau piav qhia saum toj no. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov centuries dhau los, Poland tau kav los ntawm peb tus vaj ntxwv hu ua Augustus. Yog li ntawd, muaj feem ntau ntawm cov hniav no.

Thaum kawg, Polish saber "karabela" tau paub dav. Tsis muaj kev sib tw - tsuas yog muaj tus ntoo khaub lig classic. Tab sis pommel muaj cov duab ntawm "eagle lub taub hau" - zoo heev rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Xws li tus kov yog qhov zoo tshaj yog tias koj xav tau xa cov kev sib tw ncig lossis fencing nrog tus neeg sib tw paub txog.

Vim li cas nws thiaj poob qhov tseeb

Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua kaum yim, sabers tau xyaum tsis ua hauv tebchaws Poland, uas tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob - Lub Tebchaws tau raug tshem tawm thaum kawg. Nyob rau hauv 1795, cov av uas nws tau muab faib ua peb lub xeev - Austria, Prussia thiab Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws. Cov tebchaws no tsis tuaj yeem muaj lawv cov tub rog ntxiv lawm, yog li kev tsim riam phom hauv tebchaws tau ua tiav lawm.

Yog li, riam phom Polish muaj koob meej, tau dhau txoj kev musob centuries, tau dhau los ua ib feem ntawm keeb kwm.

Zoo kawg

Peb tsab xov xwm yuav los xaus. Los ntawm nws koj tau kawm txog dab tsi Polish saber zoo li thaum nws mus txog nws lub ncov, nrog rau cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb uas nws muaj. Muaj tseeb tsab xov xwm tau txhawb nqa cov khoom lag luam ntawm kev paub ntawm tus neeg pib tshiab uas txaus siab rau keeb kwm ntawm European bladed riam phom.