Monuments ntawm St. Petersburg: duab thiab npe, lawv nyob qhov twg

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:46

Lub nroog sab qaum teb tsis yog qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig hu ua "Open Air Museum", tus naj npawb ntawm cov monuments hauv St. Petersburg, nco txog cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm, tsuas yog loj. Ntau tus tau dhau los ua lub cim tsis yog ntawm lub nroog ntawm Neva nkaus xwb, tab sis ntawm tag nrho lub tebchaws.

Ntawm no muaj monuments rau cov thawj coj loj ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws, cov kws sau ntawv, kws tshawb fawb, cov thawj coj, cov nkoj loj thiab Chizhik-Pyzhik ntawm Fontanka. Txoj kev khaws cia nco txog qhov pib ntawm lub kiv puag ncig xyoo 1917 thiab cov neeg uas tuag thaum lub sijhawm muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj.

Taug kev raws cov ntug dej hiav txwv granite thiab txoj hauv kev ntawm St. Petersburg, koj tuaj yeem paub txog txheej txheej keeb kwm ntawm peb lub teb chaws: txij thaum pib ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm lub teb chaws Ottoman mus rau tam sim no.

Tus Saib Xyuas Nroog

Tam sim no los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th nrog "Bronze Horseman", qhov loj tshaj monument rau Peter lub Great nyob rau hauv St.txuam nrog ntau legends thiab legends. Thiab tsis muaj qhov xav tsis thoob, nws yog thawj lub monument tau tsa rau ntawm Senate Square ntawm lub peev los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Empress Catherine II ntawm 100th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm kev nkag mus rau lub zwm txwv ntawm Peter I.

Tus tsim ntawm lub monument yog tus kws tshaj lij sculptor Etienne Maurice Falcone, tau caw los ntawm Catherine tshwj xeeb rau txoj haujlwm no. Kev ua haujlwm tau siv sijhawm ntau dua 12 xyoos, vim muaj kev xav tsis tu ncua, Falcone tsis tos kom lawv ua tiav thiab tawm hauv tebchaws Russia.

Txoj kev zoo tshaj plaws thiab kev nthuav qhia ua rau tus huab tais nco txog, thiab tus nees yug, uas tsar tuav rov qab nrog txhais tes ruaj khov, qhia txog tus cwj pwm zoo siab ntawm cov neeg Lavxias. Ib tug loj granite monolith hnyav 1600 tons, uas tus sculptor txhais tes muab cov duab ntawm ib tug nthwv dej, symbolize lub tsim ntawm Russia raws li ib tug maritime hwj chim. Lub laconic inscription "Rau Peter kuv Catherine II ntawm lub caij ntuj sov ntawm 1782" yog engraved rau lub pedestal nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab thiab Latin.

Lub npe ntawm lub monument tsis muaj tseeb kiag li: nws siv 176 tons ntawm tooj liab los cam, thiab Alexander Pushkin pib muab nws nyob rau hauv cov tooj liab monuments ntawm St. Petersburg tom qab tso tawm ntawm nws zaj paj huam "Bronze Horseman".

Monuments to the founder

Cov neeg nyob hauv muaj cai txaus siab rau qhov qub txeeg qub teg thiab niaj hnub no rau leej txiv ntawm lub nroog thiab tus kws kho mob loj hauv lub xeev. Ntxiv nrog rau qhov majestic "Bronze Horseman", muaj 11 monuments rau Peter I nyob rau sab qaum teb lub nroog, tsis suav cov busts ntawm huab tais thiab ntau cov mlom nyob rau hauv lub suburbs.

• Thawj monument rau huab tais, tsim txawm ua ntej "Bronze Horseman", yogTus pej thuam equestrian ntawm Peter, ua raws li daim duab kos duab ntawm tus kws kos duab ci ntsa iab Bartolomeo Carlo Rastrelli. Ua hauj lwm rau qhov project pib nyob rau hauv 1720, thaum lub sij hawm lub neej ntawm tus huab tais. Tom qab ntau qhov kev hloov pauv, xyoo 1743, thaum lub sijhawm huab tais Elizabeth, lub monument raug muab pov rau hauv hlau, tab sis muab zais rau hauv lub tsev txhab nyiaj ntawm Foundry Yard: Catherine II suav tias nws tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb txaus. Thiab tsuas yog 100 xyoo tom qab pib tsim khoom, raws li qhov kev thov ntawm Paul kuv, tus huab tais tus duab tau muab nws qhov chaw nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub tsev fuabtais Mikhailovsky.
• Lwm lub monument rau Peter hauv St. Petersburg, uas nws txoj hmoo tau dhau los ua qhov hnyav hnyav, yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws "Tsar the Carpenter", tsim los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Nicholas II los ntawm sculptor L. A. Bernshtam. Lub monument tsim nyob rau hauv 1910 qhia txog ib tug huab tais hluas kawm cov hauv paus ntawm shipbuilding. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab lub kiv puag ncig ntawm xyoo 1917, lub monument tau suav tias yog "tsis muaj nqi" thiab raug rhuav tshem. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1999, rau lub hnub tseem ceeb ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab fleet, lub meej daim ntawv ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg raug xa rov qab mus rau nws thawj qhov chaw ntawm lub Admir alteyskaya embankment.
• Nyob rau hauv ib lub xwmfab me me ze ntawm Peter thiab Paul Fortress, muaj lub monument mystical tshaj plaws rau tus tsim lub nroog. Nws tau tsim los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij sculptor Mikhail Shemyakin thiab nthuav tawm rau Peter xyoo 1991. Lub ntsej muag ntawm tus huab tais tau tsim raws li lub ntsej muag tuag plaster coj los ntawm Rastrelli rov qab rau xyoo 1719, thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm cov duab sib raug rau cov canons ntawm Orthodox icon painting. Ntau tshaj 12 lub cim muaj feem xyuam nrog lub monument rau Peter 1 hauv St. Petersburg, los ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm sab ntsuj plig mus rau kev sib yuav zoo.

Thiab xyoo 2015, tus neeg tos txais tau tshwm sim ntawm tshav dav hlau Pulkovoqhua ib tug niaj hnub daim duab ntawm tus tsim ntawm lub nroog, nrog rau ib lub thawv rau khaub ncaws nyob rau hauv ib tes thiab ib tug smartphone nyob rau hauv lwm yam.

Russian poj huab tais

Nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw xis nyob ze ntawm Alexander Theatre sawv qhov chaw nrov tshaj plaws rau Catherine hauv St. Lub monument, tsim nyob rau hauv 1873, depicts tus Empress nyob rau hauv ib txwm ceremonial pose, nrog ib tug scepter thiab ib tug wreath, thiab ib tug zoo kawg nkaus crown rests ntawm nws ob txhais taw. Tus tsim ntawm qhov project, M. Yu. Mikeshin, tsis siv cov kab geometric meej, thiab cov dynamic folds ntawm lub mantle tsim cov nyhuv ntawm kev txav tsis tau mus rau pem hauv ntej.

Tus huab tais tus thawj coj sawv saum cov mlom ntawm cov neeg muaj koob meej ntawm nws txoj kev kav: A. G. Orlov, A. V. Suvorov, P. A. Rumyantsev, G. R. Derzhavin, A. A. Bezborodko. Cov courtiers khov nyob rau hauv me ntsis nruj poses ntawm lub tswb-puab pedestal, tsuas yog tus duab ntawm Suvorov yog depicted ntau lawm. Qhov siab ntawm no complex yog ntau tshaj plaub meters, nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej facade ntawm lub granite pedestal muaj ib tug inscription: "Rau Empress Catherine II thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm Alexander II."

Kev nthuav tawm ntawm Lub Xeev Lavxias Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Txoj Kev Engineering qhib nrog cov duab puab zoo nkauj "Anna Ioannovna nrog tus menyuam dub", ua los ntawm Carlo Rastrelli zoo. Cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm suav tias yog ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws ntawm tus tswv, tsim nrog cov ntaub ntawv meej meej.

Ntawm cov monuments ntawm keeb kwm ntawm St. Petersburg, xav tsis thoob, tsis muaj ib tug pej thuam ntawm tus hlub tus ntxhais ntawm Peter kuv, Elizabeth Petrovna. Tab sis nyob rau hauv 2004 nyob rau hauv B altiysk, txoj cai ntawm ntug hiav txwv dej, ib tug equestrian monument rau poj huab tais tau tsa. Ib daim duab prancing hauv cov khaub ncaws ntawm Preobrazhensky Guards Regiment tau dhau los ua ib feem ntawm Fort Elizabeth Historical Complex.

Triumphal Columns

Kev cai ntawm kev txhim kho siab obelisks hauv kev nco txog kev yeej kev sib ntaus sib tua hnub rov qab mus rau Ancient Rome.

Lub cim ntawm lub yeeb koob maritime, cov kab lus zoo nkauj Rostral, tau teeb tsa rau ntawm Spit ntawm Vasilevsky Island, qhov chaw saib tsis pom zoo tshaj plaws hauv St. Petersburg, xyoo 1810. Thaum pib, lawv tau ua lub teeb pom kev zoo rau cov tub lag luam nkoj nkag mus rau qhov chaw nres nkoj, tab sis tom qab ntawd tau hloov mus ua ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm St. Petersburg.

Qhov kev ua ntawm tus neeg hloov pauv loj - Emperor Alexander Kuv yog immortalized nyob rau hauv lub zoo nkauj Alexander Kem, ua los ntawm ib tug monolithic granite thaiv. Nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1834 los ntawm txoj cai ntawm Nicholas kuv thiab txij thaum ntawd los tau kho lub Palace Square ntawm Northern Capital. Tag nrho qhov siab ntawm lub monument yog 47.5 meters, thiab kem nws tus kheej yog 25.5 meters, nws yog lub siab tshaj plaws triumphal kem nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, sawv tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa, tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus.

Lub monument rau Alexander nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg yog crowned los ntawm ib tug granite daim duab ntawm ib tug tim tswv nrog ib tug ntoo khaub lig loj, uas nws lub ntsej muag sculptor B. Orlovsky muab ib tug portrait zoo li tus huab tais. Cov bronze bas-reliefs ntawm lub pedestal cim lub hwj chim thiab siab tawv ntawm Lavxias teb sab tub rog.

Ib qho ntawm cov keeb kwm zoo tshaj plaws ntawm St. Petersburg, obelisk "Rau Hero City of Leningrad", txais tos cov qhua nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm Vosstaniya Square. Tag nrho qhov siab ntawm sculptural muaj pes tsawg leeg yog 36 meters, sab sauv ntawm lub granite kemcrowned nrog ib daim qauv ntawm cov puav pheej "Gold Star ntawm Hero", nyob rau hauv qis qis muaj bas-reliefs nrog scenes ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub nroog thaum lub sij hawm tsov rog xyoo. Obelisk tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1985 nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawm 40th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm yeej nyob rau hauv lub Patriotic ua tsov ua rog.

Tus kav tebchaws Russia

Nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm St. Isaac's Square muaj ib lub bronze zoo kawg nkaus piav txog Nicholas kuv caij nws tus stallion nyiam. Nws yog noteworthy tias cov duab puab loj tsuas yog nyob ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev txhawb nqa: lub hind ob txhais ceg ntawm nees. Lub multi-tiered pedestal tau sib sau los ntawm 118 hom ornamental pob zeb thiab dai kom zoo nkauj nrog bronze bas-reliefs glorifying lub deeds ntawm huab tais. Pawg sculptural, ntsia nyob rau hauv 1859, yog suav hais tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm ntawm tus tswv PK Klodt.

Tus pej thuam equestrian ntawm Alexander III los ntawm Paolo Trubetskoy ib zaug adorned Vosstaniya Square, tab sis nyob rau hauv 1937 lub monument tau dismantled thiab tseem nyob rau hauv lub tshav puam ntawm lub Marble Palace. Hauv qhov chaw kaw ntawm lub tshav puam, qhov hnyav ntawm tus neeg caij tsheb hnyav zaum ntawm tus nees loj yog qhov hnyav dua.

Nco txog keeb kwm tub rog

Lub nroog ntawm Neva tsis yog tsuas yog cov cuab yeej cuab tam loj, tab sis kuj muaj keeb kwm zoo kawg nkaus ntawm kev siv tub rog thiab yeej. Cov neeg nyob hauv lub nroog hwm lub cim nco txog ntawm cov thawj coj loj, ua rau lawv cov duab hauv pob zeb thiab tooj liab.

• Nyob rau lub Tsib Hlis 1801, nruab nrab ntawm Trinity Choj thiab Field of Mars, lub monument rau A. V. Suvorov tau nthuav tawm. Thaum tsim nws, tus sculptor M. I. Kozlovsky txiav txim siab kom tsis txhob tsoos canons thiab depicted lub generalissimo nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub ancient vaj tswv ntawm tsov rog, Mars. Kev sib xyawyog suav tias yog ib qho ntawm cov monuments zoo tshaj plaws tsim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th nyob rau hauv Russia.
• Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws monuments rau Lavxias teb sab commanders, cov nuj nqis ntawm Field Marshal M. I. Kutuzov thiab M. B. Barclay de Tolly tau ntsia nyob rau hauv 1837 nyob ze ntawm lub Kazan Cathedral. Daim duab ntawm Barclay de Tolly, uas tau coj txoj kev khiav tawm ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias, yog kev tu siab thiab tu siab, thiab tus yeej ntawm Fabkis pab tub rog, Kutuzov, exudes kev ntseeg siab thiab lub zog. Lub monuments tau tsim los ntawm sculptor B. I. Orlovsky thiab lub sij hawm rau coincide nrog lub 25th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm lub yeej ntawm Napoleon cov tub rog.
• Lub monument rau tus legendary Admiral Makarov los ntawm sculptor Leonid Sherwood yog rightfully suav hais tias yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau lub siab lub ntsws monuments nyob rau hauv St. Nws tau qhib hauv Kronstadt xyoo 1913 nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm Emperor Nicholas II thiab cov tswv cuab ntawm nws tsev neeg.
• Nyob rau xyoo nyuaj xyoo 1943, ib lub monument rau Vasily Chapaev, yog ib tus thawj coj tub rog nyiam tshaj plaws ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb, tau tsim tsa los tswj tus ntsuj plig ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv nroog. Tom qab ob peb txoj kev tsiv mus nyob ib ncig ntawm lub nroog, qhov sib xyaw ua kom zoo nkauj rau lub xwmfab pem hauv ntej ntawm Tub Rog Kev Sib Txuas Lus Academy.

sau ntawv, kws sau paj huam, kws tshawb fawb

Tag nrho cov kab lis kev cai hauv St. Petersburg yog qhov loj, ntau ntawm lawv khaws cia nco txog cov neeg txawj ntse uas tau nyob thiab ua haujlwm nyob rau ntau lub sijhawm ntawm keeb kwm Lavxias:

• Lub bronze monument rau tus poj Lavxias teb sab fabulist I. A. Krylov tau tsim tsa hauv Lub Caij Ntuj Sov xyoo 1885. Tus neeg sau sau cia lwm zaj dab neeg, thiab paub txog tus phab ej ntawm nws cov haujlwm saib los ntawm lub pedestal.
• Petersburg hlub txoj haujlwm ntawm A. S. Pushkin, 5 mob siab rau nwsmonuments nyob rau ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub nroog. Tus pej thuam tooj liab zoo nkauj tshaj plaws ntawm tus kws sau paj huam tau tsim tsa hauv lub xyoo tom qab tsov rog hauv nroog nruab nrab ntawm Arts Square.
• Ntawm cov duab ntawm cov monuments ntawm St. Petersburg, lub pensive daim duab ntawm Sergei Yesenin, carved los ntawm dawb Karelian marble, attracts. Raws li kev lig kev cai, nws yog nyob ntawm nws ko taw uas cov niam txiv tshiab siv zog ua paj kom lawv lub neej ua ke muaj kev hlub thiab kev sib haum xeeb.
• Rau ntau tshaj li ib puas xyoo, Theatre Square tau adorned nrog ib tug bronze daim duab ntawm tus zoo composer Mikhail Glinka. Lub monument tau nthuav tawm thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1906 ntawm kev pib ntawm Imperial Lavxias teb sab Suab paj nruag Society thiab cov neeg nyob hauv nroog.
• Ib daim qauv tooj liab ntawm Mikhail Lomonosov tau teeb tsa ze ntawm St. Petersburg State University thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Cov ntawv sau nyob rau ntawm tus ncej ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb zoo, uas yog ib tus tub ntxhais kawm ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv no, thiab nws tus kheej zoo li yuav nyob rau ntawm qhov kev tshawb pom tshiab.

Tau kawg, qhov no tsis yog ib daim ntawv teev npe ntawm tag nrho cov kab lis kev cai monuments ntawm St. Petersburg mob siab rau cov pej xeem txawj ntse nyob rau hauv kev hlub nrog rau sab qaum teb capital.

Kev hlub rau tsiaj

Nyob rau ob peb lub xyoo dhau los, lub nroog tau pom muaj qhov tseeb tawm ntawm cov duab puab zoo nkauj, qhia txog cov pej xeem tus cwj pwm rau cov neeg nyob hauv plaub-legged ntxim hlub.

Thawj lub monument rau miv tau tshwm sim xyoo 2002 hauv lub tshav puam ntawm St. Petersburg State University. Tus tsiaj me me ua cim qhia txog tib neeg txoj kev ris txiaj rau cov tsiaj sim.

Ob peb tus miv nto moo tshaj plaws, Vasilisa thiab Elisha, taug kev ncigcornices ntawm Malaya Sadovaya. Tab sis daim paib cuam tshuam nrog me me Chizhik-Pyzhik, zaum ntawm Fontanka embankment, cog lus muaj hmoo rau txhua tus neeg uas muab ib lub npib rau qhov nqaim pedestal ntawm lub monument.

Nyob rau ntawm pawg ntoo hauv qab tus choj Ioanovsky, ze ntawm Peter thiab Paul Fortress, me me eared hare lurks, ua raws li cov duab kos duab ntawm tus sculptor Vladimir Petrovichev los ntawm cov niaj hnub, tsis muaj corrosive alloy. Nws ua haujlwm ceeb toom txog dej nyab tsis tu ncua ntawm Neva.

Lub "zoo" tiag tiag nyob rau hauv lub tshav puam ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv philological ntawm St. Petersburg State University: lub ntxim nyiam hippopotamus Tonya, Dachshund 140 cm ntev, imposing tshis Hircus facultatis thiab me Snail, uas yog suav tias yog lub cim ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv.

cim tsis zoo

Taug kev ntawm txoj kev, koj tuaj yeem pom cov duab ntawm cov cim txawv txawv: lub teeb-hlau cam khwb cia zaum ntawm txoj kev taug kev railing, tus thawj coj tooj liab tuav lub laptop ze ntawm lub chaw lag luam, lossis Tus Tub Rog Zoo Schweik zais ib qho lub khob loj loj ntawm npias qab nws nraub qaum.

Kev sau cov duab ntawm St. Petersburg monuments yuav ua tsis tiav yam tsis muaj duab puab ntawm St. Petersburg kws yees duab zais lub koob yees duab qub ntawm lub tripod hauv qab lub kaus. Ib tug English bulldog tau txuas nyob ze, saib cov neeg hla dhau. Lub monument yog mob siab rau Karl Bull, uas yog deservedly suav hais tias yog tus tsim ntawm daim duab reportage hom.

Txawm tias nyob hauv nroog muaj ib lub monument rau Ostap Bender, Tub Ceev Xwm, Carlson ntawm lub pediment ntawm kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Fontanka embankment, Baron Munchausen rub nws tus kheej tawm ntawm swamp nrog nws nees los ntawm cov plaub hau thiab ntau lwm yam cim..

Nkauj ntseeg tawm tshiab

Txhua xyoo lub nroog muaj kev nplua nuj nrog cov monuments tshiab, ob qho tib si loj thiab tsis yog li ntawd, uas ua tiav zoo rau hauv nroog ib puag ncig.

Nyob rau xyoo 2002, ib tug pej thuam ntawm patron neeg dawb huv ntawm St. Petersburg, tus thawj coj loj Alexander Nevsky, raug ntsia rau ntawm lub square ntawm tib lub npe. Tus tub huabtais lub ntsej muag loj hlob tuaj saum lub nroog, tiv thaiv kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb ntawm nws cov neeg nyob.

Ib lub cim nrog cov kab txawv txawv thiab cov xim nthuav tawm sawv ntawm Petrogradskaya Embankment. Nws mob siab rau Alfred Nobel, tus tsim khoom ntawm dynamite thiab tus tsim khoom plig rau qhov kev tshawb pom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm noob neej. Cov khoom sib xyaw piav qhia txog cov khoom tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom ya sib nrug los ntawm kev tawg tawg.

Nyob rau xyoo 2004, tawm tsam Vasileostrovskaya metro chaw nres tsheb, ib daim qauv ntawm cov yas thiab cov pob zeb kos duab nees tau tshwm sim. Lub tsheb ntawm ib zaug nrov ob-decker thauj tau rov qab los raws li cov duab qub qub thiab siv rau ob tug nees.

Thiab nyob ze ntawm lub tsev so "365" ntawm Txoj Kev Borovaya, lub tsheb thauj khoom ntawm tus qauv XVII tau nres. Cov layout yog ua nyob rau hauv tag nrho loj thiab impresses nrog nws realism.

Ntau lub monuments ntawm St. Petersburg qhia txog nws keeb kwm, kev ua yeeb yam ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv thiab lawv qhov kev cia siab tsis kawg.