Karelia ib txwm hu ua thaj av hav zoov thiab pas dej. Niaj hnub nimno struts tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm ib tug glacier, lub melting ntawm uas pib kaum peb txhiab xyoo dhau los. Cov nplooj ntawv dej khov maj mam txo qis, thiab yaj cov dej uas muaj kev ntxhov siab hauv cov pob zeb. Yog li ntawd, muaj ntau lub pas dej thiab dej ntws hauv Karelia.
Virgin Forest
Karelian hav zoov yog qhov muaj nyiaj tiag ntawm thaj av. Rau ntau qhov laj thawj, kev ua hav zoov ua txuj ci tseem ceeb hla lawv. Qhov no siv tau rau cov neeg coob coob nyob ntawm tus ciam teb Finnish. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, cov Islands tuaj ntawm cov xwm txheej nkauj xwb tau khaws cia. Karelian hav zoov khav theeb ntoo ntoo uas muaj hnub nyoog tsib puas xyoo.
Nyob hauv Karelia, kwv yees li peb puas txhiab hectares ntawm hav zoov nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm cov tiaj ua si hauv tebchaws thiab cov chaw cia. Cov ntoo nkauj xwb tsim lub hauv paus ntawm Pasvik, Kostomukshsky reserves, thiab Paanayarvsky National Park.
Green we alth: nthuav tseeb
Kev txhim kho ntawm hav zoov ntawm Karelia pib nyob rau lub sijhawmkev lag luam. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua kaum yim, tsob ntoo txiav yog xaiv. Tsuas yog nyob ib ncig ntawm cov nroj tsuag metallurgical tau meej-txiav. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, qhov ntim ntawm ntoo sau qoob loo loj hlob sai heev. Kev nplua nuj ntawm Karelian hav zoov tau maj mam yaj mus. Thiab tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub nineties ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem poob poob ho txo. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, muaj ib qho kev nce zuj zus ntawm kev sau ntoo, vim nws yog cov khoom lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig uas ib txwm xav tau.
Karelian hav zoov: twg ntoo dominate
Cov chaw no zoo nkauj kawg thiab muaj zaub ntsuab.
Lub hauv paus ntawm Karelian hav zoov yog Norway spruce thiab ntoo thuv. Nyob rau sab qaum teb cheeb tsam koj tuaj yeem pom Finnish spruce, thiab sab hnub tuaj - Siberian. Tab sis cov nroj tsuag yog sawv cev tsis tsuas yog los ntawm conifers. Dab tsi yog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm Karelian hav zoov? Cov ntoo twg tseem loj hlob hauv cov chaw no? Hardwoods kuj muaj nyob ntawm no. Karelian hav zoov muaj npe nrov rau cov ntoo birch, ob ntawm nws hom - fluffy thiab warty. Lwm cov ntoo tawv muaj xws li nplaum alder thiab aspen.
Hloov hom
South Karelia muaj thaj chaw loj ntawm cov kab dav dav - elm, linden, dub alder thiab maple. Karelian ntoo thuv hav zoov loj hlob, raws li txoj cai, ntawm cov av depleted thiab ua rau ntau hom sib txawv ntawm cov av thiab hauv hom nroj tsuag ntawm qis qis.
Nyob rau ntawm thaj av qis, tiaj thiab marshes yuav luag txhua qhov chaw loj hlob sphagnum ntoo thuv hav zoov nrog stunted thiab nyias-stemmed hav zoov. Ntawm no yog cov avTus cwj pwm los ntawm tuab moss npog, kuj tseem muaj ntau cov nroj tsuag - qus rosemary, blueberry thiab marsh myrtle.
Ntawm cov av fertile ntxiv, ntsuab moss ntoo thuv hav zoov, uas sawv cev los ntawm cov ntoo siab, nyob. Nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug ntom hav zoov, lub undergrowth yog heev tsawg thiab muaj juniper thiab roob tshauv. Cov nroj tsuag txheej yog tsim los ntawm lingonberries thiab blueberries, tab sis cov av yog them nrog mosses. Raws li cov nroj tsuag herbaceous, muaj tsawg heev ntawm lawv.
Lichen ntoo thuv hav zoov loj hlob ntawm cov av depleted ntawm qhov chaw siab tshaj thiab saum pob zeb. Tsob ntoo nyob rau hauv cov chaw no yog heev tsawg, thiab cov undergrowth yog xyaum tsis tuaj. Cov av npog yog sawv cev los ntawm lichens, reindeer moss, ntsuab mosses, bearberry, cowberry.
Spruce hav zoov yog qhov zoo rau cov av nplua nuj. Feem ntau yog cov mosses ntsuab, muaj yuav luag tsuas yog cov ntoo spruce, qee zaum aspen thiab birch tuaj yeem pom. Nyob rau sab nrauv ntawm swamps ntawm peat-podzolic av, sphagnum spruce forests thiab ntev mosses nyob. Tab sis cov kwj deg ntawm cov kwj deg yog cov hav txwv yeem-nyom spruce hav zoov nrog mosses thiab tsis muaj zog alder thiab meadowsweet.
hmoob hav zoov
Ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev tshem tawm thiab kev sib tsoo, ib zaug thawj hav zoov tau hloov los ntawm thaj chaw sib xyaw hav zoov, uas aspen, birch, alder loj hlob, tseem muaj cov nplua nuj undergrowth thiab grassy txheej. Tab sis ntawm cov ntoo tawv, conifers kuj muaj ntau heev. Raws li txoj cai, nws yog spruce. Nws yog nyob rau hauv hav zoov sib xyaw nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Karelia uas tsis tshua muaj elm, linden, thiab maple muaj nyob ntawm no.
Kwv yees li peb caug feem pua ntawm tag nrho thaj chaw ntawm lub tebchaws yog nyob los ntawm swamps thiab wetlands, uas tsim ib tug yam ntxwv toj roob hauv pes. Lawv hloov nrog hav zoov. Cov av ntub dej tau muab faib ua hom hauv qab no:
- Lowlands, cov nroj tsuag uas sawv cev los ntawm cov nroj tsuag, reeds thiab sedges.
- Npauj npaim uas noj los nag. Blueberries, cranberries, cloudberries, qus rosemary hlob tuaj ntawm no.
- Kev hloov pauv hloov pauv yog qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm thawj ob hom.
Tag nrho cov swamps zoo li ntau haiv neeg. Qhov tseeb, cov no yog cov reservoirs npog nrog intricate mosses. Tseem muaj thaj chaw swampy ntoo nrog cov ntoo me me, nruab nrab ntawm cov av tsaus nti nrog duckweed gleam.
Kev zoo nkauj ntawm Karelia
Karelia yog thaj av uas muaj kev zoo nkauj tshaj plaws. Ntawm no, cov swamps npog nrog mosses hloov nrog cov hav zoov nkauj xwb, cov roob muab txoj hauv kev rau cov tiaj thiab toj siab nrog cov toj roob hauv pes zoo nkauj, lub pas dej zoo nkauj hloov mus rau hauv cov dej ntws thiab cov ntug hiav txwv pob zeb.
Yuav luag 85% ntawm thaj chaw yog Karelian hav zoov. Coniferous hom predominate, tab sis kuj muaj me-leaved sawv daws yuav. Tus thawj yog ib tug hardy Karelian ntoo thuv. Nws nyob 2/3 ntawm tag nrho cov hav zoov. Loj hlob nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav, nws, raws li cov pej xeem hauv zos, muaj cov khoom siv kho mob tshwj xeeb, txhawb nqa lwm tus nrog lub zog, txo qhov qaug zog thiab ntxhov siab.
Cov hav zoov hauv zos muaj npe nrov rau Karelian birch. Qhov tseeb, qhov no yog tsob ntoo me me thiab tsis tsim nyog. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau dhau los ua lub ntiaj teb nto moo rau nws cov ntoo ruaj khov thiab tawv, uas zoo li marble vim nws cov qauv zoo sib xws.
Karelian hav zoov kuj muaj ntau yam tshuaj thiab zaub mov herbaceous thiab shrubby nroj tsuag. Muaj blueberries, blueberries, raspberries, strawberries, cloudberries, cranberries thiab lingonberries. Nws yuav tsis ncaj ncees tsis hais txog cov nceb, uas muaj ntau ntau hauv Karelia. Qhov ntxov tshaj plaws ntawm lawv tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Lub rau hli ntuj, thiab twb nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj lub sij hawm ntawm xaiv nceb rau s alting pib - muaj nthwv dej, bruises, mis nyuj nceb.
Txoj ntoo ntau yam
Nyob hauv Karelian qhov chaw qhib, ntoo thuv loj hlob, uas nws muaj hnub nyoog tsawg kawg yog 300-350 xyoo. Txawm li cas los xij, kuj muaj cov piv txwv qub. Lawv qhov siab nce mus txog 20-25 lossis txawm 35 meters. Pine koob tsim phytoncides uas tuaj yeem tua cov kab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev, nws cov ntoo yog qhov zoo rau kev tsim cov nkoj thiab tsuas yog siv rau kev tsim kho. Thiab rosin thiab turpentine tau muab rho tawm los ntawm cov ntoo ntoo.
Nyob hauv cov dej Marcial loj hlob ib tsob ntoo uas muaj sia nyob ntev, nws muaj hnub nyoog txog plaub puas xyoo. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv cov npe ntawm cov ntoo rarest. Tseem muaj cov lus dab neeg hais tias tsob ntoo ntoo tau cog los ntawm cov neeg nyob ze Peter I, tab sis yog tias peb suav nrog nws lub hnub nyoog, ces feem ntau nws yuav loj hlob ntev ua ntej lub sijhawm ntawd.
Ntxiv rau, Siberian thiab ntau spruce hlob hauv Karelia. Hauv cov xwm txheej no, nws nyob tau ob lossis peb puas xyoo, thiab qee qhov qauv nyob mus txog ib nrab xyoo pua.muaj hnub nyoog, thaum ncav cuag 35 meters hauv qhov siab. Lub cheeb ntawm xws li ib tsob ntoo yog hais txog ib 'meter'. Spruce ntoo yog lub teeb heev, yuav luag dawb, nws yog mos thiab lub teeb heev. Nws yog siv los ua cov ntawv zoo tshaj plaws. Spruce kuj yog hu ua suab paj nruag cog. Nws tau txais lub npe no tsis yog caij nyoog. Nws cov pob tw du thiab yuav luag zoo meej yog siv los tsim cov twj paj nruag.
Ib tug serpentine spruce, uas yog ib tug monument ntawm xwm, tau pom nyob rau hauv lub Karelian hav zoov. Nws yog qhov txaus siab rau kev cog qoob loo hauv thaj chaw tiaj ua si.
Larches, muaj nyob rau hauv Karelia, raug cais raws li cov ntoo coniferous, tab sis lawv poob lawv cov koob txhua xyoo. Cov ntoo no suav hais tias yog lub siab ntev, vim nws nyob txog 400-500 xyoo (qhov siab txog 40 meters). Larch hlob sai heev, thiab muaj nuj nqis tsis yog vim nws cov ntoo tawv, tab sis kuj yog ib qho chaw ua si.
Nyob rau hauv qhuav spruce thiab ntoo thuv hav zoov muaj ntau juniper, uas yog ib tug coniferous evergreen shrub. Nws yog nthuav tsis tau tsuas yog raws li ib tug ornamental nroj tsuag, tab sis kuj raws li ib tug tshuaj yug me nyuam, txij li thaum nws berries muaj tshuaj siv nyob rau hauv ib txwm tshuaj.
Birch ntoo tau dav faib hauv Karelia. Ntawm no, tsob ntoo no qee zaum kuj hu ua tus pioneer, vim nws yog thawj zaug nyob hauv ib qho chaw dawb. Birch nyob rau lub sijhawm luv luv - los ntawm 80 txog 100 xyoo. Hauv hav zoov, nws qhov siab nce mus txog nees nkaum tsib meters.
