Spruce hav zoov yog qhov chaw classic rau ntau zaj dab neeg. Hauv nws koj tuaj yeem ntsib Baba Yaga thiab Little Red Riding Hood. Ntau tus tsiaj nyob hauv hav zoov zoo li no, nws yog mossy thiab ib txwm ntsuab. Tab sis spruce tsis yog tsuas yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm zaj dab neeg thiab Xyoo Tshiab, tsob ntoo no loj hlob sai thiab tseem ceeb heev rau lub teb chaws kev lag luam thiab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov tsiaj qus.
Meaning
Spruce hav zoov yog qhov chaw nyob ntawm noog thiab tsiaj txhu, kab thiab kab mob. Rau ib tug neeg, qhov no yog lub sijhawm kom muaj lub sijhawm zoo thiab so, khaws berries thiab nceb, tshuaj ntsuab. Thiab rau kev lag luam, ntoo yog kwv yees li 30% ntawm qhov ntim ntawm tag nrho cov ntoo, los ntawm qhov tsis tsuas yog cov rooj tog tsim, tab sis kuj ethyl cawv, charcoal.
Ntse
Lub hav zoov spruce ib txwm ntxoov ntxoo, tab sis qhov ntawd tsis txwv cov ntoo kom loj hlob zoo. Lub crown ntawm cov ntoo fir yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm ib txheej, uas tso cai rau txhua ceg tawg mus rau qhov kaj.
Berry, nceb thiab moss yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm hav zoov. Spruce nyiam cov av noo, dej hauv av, tsis yooj yim rau drought. Yog hais tias cov av yog fertile, ces spruce forests, uas tsis yog tsuas yog ntawm tej yam ntuj tso keeb kwm, yuav tshem tawm pines. Feem ntau lawv raug tsim tawm, raws li lawv loj hlob sai dua cov ntoo deciduous, yog li lawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub tebchaws kev lag luam.
Spruce blossom
Poj niam cov neeg sawv cev ntawm spruces tsim lub khob me me, uas tom qab ntawd kho cov ntoo. Cov txiv neej muaj elongated catkins ntawm lawv cov ceg, nrog paj ntoos tawg los ntawm tsob ntoo hauv lub Tsib Hlis. Tag nrho cov ripening ntawm lub khob hliav qab tshwm sim thaum Lub Kaum Hli, ces cov squirrels pib npaj zaub mov rau lub caij ntuj no.
Views
Muaj tsib pawg hav zoov tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntoo spruce:
- ntsuab moss;
- neeg ua haujlwm ntev;
- nyuaj;
- sphagnum;
- muag- nyom.
Pab pawg ntawm ntsuab moss spruce hav zoov suav nrog peb hom hav zoov:
- Spruce hav zoov. Cov av nyob rau hauv xws li hav zoov yog xuab zeb thiab loamy, zoo drained. Cov av yog fertile vim av npog ntawm oxalis thiab minnik, uas loj hlob tsuas yog nyob rau hauv spruce forests. Cov pab pawg ntawm oxalis spruce hav zoov yog pom nyob rau hauv toj siab.
- Spruce blueberry loj hlob feem ntau hauv cov tiaj. Cov av tsis tshua muaj fertile thiab av noo, blueberries thiab ntsuab moss yog qhov nyiam tshaj plaws ntawm no.
- Spruce lingonberry loj hlob ntawm toj. Cov av yog tsis heev fertile, feem ntau yog xuab zeb thiab qhuav sandy loamy. Txawm hais tias cov av qis qis, muaj ntau cov lingonberries nyob rau hauv xws li hav zoov.
Pab pawg hav zoov nontawm cov ntoo spruce tuav tag nrho thaj chaw nyob thiab rov pib sai sai.
Npaj-siab muaj ntau dua nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm peb lub tebchaws. Cov av yog feem ntau nrog cov dej noo ntau dhau, thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm hav zoov, ntxiv rau conifers, suav nrog birches. Hav zoov productivity yog tsawg. Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia tias muaj blueberries, horsetail thiab cuckoo flax.
Complex spruce hav zoov muaj ntau yam subspecies:
- Liab. Ntxiv rau spruce, linden, aspen, birch thiab qee zaum fir muaj nyob hauv hav zoov. Cov av ntawm no yog heev fertile thiab drained. Hauv av npog yog sawv cev los ntawm ntau hom nyom.
- Oak spruce hav zoov. Nws suav hais tias yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom tsim tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov hav zoov. Cov hav zoov suav nrog oaks, maple, ntoo thuv, aspen. Lub undergrowth feem ntau muaj warty euonymus, hauv av npog yog yam ntxwv los ntawm ntau yam tshuaj ntsuab.
Sphagnum spruce hav zoov feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm swamping ntawm weevil spruce hav zoov. Nws yog characterized los ntawm kua peaty av. Yog tsis muaj undergrowth nyob rau hauv xws li hav zoov, yog hais tias nws tshwm sim, nws muaj dawb alder thiab dub currant. Cov txheej hauv av saum toj no yog sawv cev los ntawm sphagnum thiab cuckoo flax.
Marsh-herbaceous spruce hav zoov pom nyob ze cov kwj dej thiab cov dej ntws. Sib txawv nyob rau hauv high productivity thiab ntom undergrowth los ntawm bushes. Muaj ntau cov moss thiab cov nyom hauv hav zoov.
geography
Spruce hav zoov yog dav nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua qhov chaw huab cua ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Cov ntoo no feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv taiga, muaj nyob rau Northern Eurasiathiab North America, ze rau ntawm North Ncej lawv smoothly tig mus rau hauv lub tundra, thiab ze rau yav qab teb latitudes lawv pom nyob rau hauv ib tug sib xyaw hav zoov. Hauv huab cua sov, conifers loj hlob tshwj xeeb hauv thaj chaw roob.
Nyob hauv peb lub tebchaws, Urals, Khabarovsk thiab Primorsky Territories yog npog nrog hav zoov spruce. Hauv Komi koom pheej, cov ntoo no npog txog 34% ntawm tag nrho thaj chaw. Hauv Altai thiab sab hnub poob Siberian, spruce yog tov nrog fir. Western Siberia yog sawv cev los ntawm complex forests. Hauv Yenisei ib feem ntawm taiga, spruce loj hlob ua ke nrog cedars. Tsaus spruce hav zoov muaj nyob rau hauv central Russia thiab Primorye, nrog rau Carpathians thiab Caucasus.
Flora
Vim qhov ntxoov ntxoo zoo hauv hav zoov, cov nroj tsuag tsis muaj ntau haiv neeg thiab sawv cev los ntawm hom tshuaj ntsuab thiab cov nroj tsuag hauv qab no:
- sour;
- minik;
- wintergreen;
- moss;
- blueberries;
- lingonberries;
- meadowsweet;
- dropsy shrub;
- cuckoo flax;
Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg.
Lawv loj hlob zoo hauv qhov tsaus ntuj. Herbaceous nroj tsuag ntawm spruce hav zoov yog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov nroj tsuag uas reproduce vegetatively, uas yog, los ntawm tendrils los yog cov hauv paus hniav. Lawv blooms feem ntau yog dawb los yog daj ntseg liab. Qhov xim no tso cai rau cov nroj tsuag "sawv" thiab pom cov kab pollinating.
Mushrooms
Yuav ua li cas hav zoov yuav tsis muaj nceb? Vim lub fact tias undergrowth yog tsis tshua muaj pom nyob rau hauv spruce forests, thiab cov koob lawv tus kheej rot rau lub sij hawm ntev, lub ntsiab sau ntawm nceb tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg. Yog hais tias peb tham txog cov hluas, qhov twg lawv nojtseem tsawg, lawv cov naj npawb thiab ntau yam yog amazing. Feem ntau ntawm cov nceb yog pom nyob rau hauv spruce forests nrog sparse cog los yog nyob rau hauv ib daim hlab ntawm mixed hom. Ntawd yog, qhov twg muaj lub teeb txaus rau kev loj hlob sai ntawm nceb.
Dawb yog cov khoom noj uas muaj ntau tshaj plaws. Cov nceb no yog ntom thiab fleshy, xyaum tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm worms thiab larvae. Nws tuaj yeem loj hlob ob qho tib si hauv hav zoov tuab thiab ntawm ntug.
Yog tias muaj aspens thiab birches hauv hav zoov, ces koj tuaj yeem sau boletus thiab boletus. Muaj ib txwm muaj ntau ntawm camelinas hauv hav zoov spruce, uas loj hlob feem ntau hauv cov pab pawg nyob sab nraud ntawm hav zoov. Hauv qab tsob ntoo lawv tus kheej muaj cov qauv loj dua nrog lub kaus mom daj.
Nyob hauv hav zoov spruce yeej ib txwm muaj ntau ntawm russula, uas zoo li xyaum lawv "loj" cov neeg nyob hauv hav zoov: lub kaus mom ntawm cov nceb no muaj xiav lossis lilac tint. Russula loj hlob nyob rau hauv pawg loj, muaj ib tug qab ntxiag saj thiab aroma. Hauv qhov chaw ntub dej tshaj plaws ntawm cov hav zoov, ze lub cev dej, koj tuaj yeem pom cov nceb daj.
Muaj ntau cov nceb tsis tuaj yeem nyob hauv hav zoov ntoo thuv thiab spruce. Cov no yog ya agarics, cobwebs, reddish talkers thiab ib tug nyias npua.
Cov hav zoov txom nyem tshaj plaws rau cov nceb yog tib hom thiab qub cog. Cov nceb feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv hav zoov sib xyaw, qhov twg muaj swamps, pas dej me me. Cov qoob loo zoo tuaj yeem sau rau hauv roob cog cog ntawm nruab nrab thiab qis.
Tsiaj thiab kab
Txawm hais tias muaj ntau hom tsiaj sib txawv ntawm cov nroj tsuag hav zoov spruce, muaj ntau tus ntsaum, worms, shrews thiab nas nyob rau hauv cov stumps qub. Cov no yog voles, ntau thiab tsaus ntuj,shrews.
Nyob ntawm cov qoob loo ntawm spruces, cov pejxeem ntawm squirrels kuj hloov. Nyob rau lub caij ntuj no thiab caij nplooj ntoos hlav, hares thiab moose muaj nyob ntawm no. Hauv kev nrhiav cov tsiaj nyeg, hma mus rau hauv hav zoov spruce. Hauv hav zoov spruce, lawv tuaj yeem tsim qhov chaw yug me nyuam.
Ntau tus nas tsuag nyiam ermines thiab martens mus rau hav zoov spruce. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv qhov sib sib zog nqus thickets koj yuav ntsib ib tug dais, ib tug squirrel ya los yog ib tug lynx.
Tam sim no, kev faib tsiaj thoob plaws hauv hav zoov tsis sib xws. Feem ntau ntawm cov fauna nyob qhov twg spruce hlob tsawg densely, qhov twg muaj undergrowth thiab ib tug kuj high degree ntawm illumination.
Ntxhais
Muaj ntau cov noog nyob hauv hav zoov spruce. Hauv qee cov hav zoov, zes ncav cuag 350 khub ib 1 square kilometers. Grouse thiab capercaillie, partridges thiab dub grouse nyiam nyob rau hauv ntsuab moss. Cuckoos, Muscovites thiab Wrens yuav ua tsis tshua muaj nyob ntawm no. Qhov twg hav zoov yog tuab, powdery thiab finches, robins nyob. Ratchet zes, hav zoov nees thiab warblers yog nruab rau hauv av. Muaj ntau cov jays, woodpeckers, pigeons thiab willows nyob rau hauv sparse thiab mixed forests.
Cov tsiaj reptiles thiab amphibians
Los ntawm cov tsiaj reptiles hauv hav zoov spruce muaj vipers thiab lizards. Koj tuaj yeem pom cov neeg nyob hauv qhov chaw tshav ntuj, qhov twg nyom thiab tsob ntoo qis.
Newts muaj nyob rau hauv cov av nkos thiab nyob sab nrauv ntawm txoj kev. Qav nquag kuj nyiam cov av noo thiab shady fir ntoo.
