Nyob rau xyoo 1970, NATO lub teb chaws tuaj rau hauv muaj ntau yam kev hloov kho lub nkoj siab ceev cuaj luaj ua nrog cov cuab yeej siv niaj hnub no. Nruab nrog homing taub hau, muaj peev xwm ya ntawm qhov siab qis tshaj saum npoo dej, cov kev teeb tsa no ua rau muaj kev hem thawj rau cov yeeb ncuab nkoj. Yuav kom ua tiav kev tiv thaiv NATO cov cuaj luaj high-speed, Soviet designers tsim lub Kortik anti-aircraft missile thiab artillery system.
Leej twg tsim ZRAK?
Kev tsim ua haujlwm ntawm Kortik missile thiab artillery complex pib thaum xyoo 1970s. Tus qauv tsim tau ua tiav ntawm KBP hauv lub nroog Tula. Serial ntau lawm ntawm Kortik complex tau ua los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Tula Tshuab-Lub Tsev Cog. Lub radar system tau tsim nyob rau hauv xov tooj cua engineering tuam txhab nyob rau hauv Serpukhov, thiab cov khoom siv sib ntaus sib tua yog tsim los ntawm F. V. Lukin Research Institute for Physical Problems. Anti-aircraft missile thiab artillery complex "Kortik" (GRAU 3M87), tseem hu ua ZRAK "Kashtan" (export name), nkag mus rau hauv 1989.
Purpose
Cov phiaj xwm ntawm cov neeg tsim qauv hauv Soviet tau hloov pauv cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv dav hlau uas siv tsis tau nrog lub dav hlau tiv thaiv tshiab "Kortik". Txhawm rau ua qhov no, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau tshem tawm cov teeb meem uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub qub shipboard air defense systems. Txhawm rau kom Kortik ua tiav kev tiv thaiv NATO cov cuaj luaj high-speed, nws yuav tsum muaj:
- txhim kho lub peev xwm hauv thaj tsam ntawm lub hom phiaj nrhiav kom pom thiab taug qab, suav nrog kev ceev ceev;
- nce mos txwv;
- fast reload;
- nce qhov tshwm sim ntawm ntaus lub hom phiaj.
Kev nce qib ntawm kev ua haujlwm
Thaum lub sijhawm tsim qauv, cov neeg tsim qauv Soviet tau txiav txim siab tsis txwv lawv tus kheej rau kev tsim cov phom loj loj lossis cov foob pob ua ntxaij dav hlau nkaus xwb. Hauv lawv lub tswv yim, riam phom tshiab yuav tsum muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm ob lub tshuab tiv thaiv no ua ke. Nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm, Tula designers twb tau sib sau ua ke ib tug zoo xws li system, hu ua lub teb chaws raws li Tunguska SAM. "Kortik" - anti-aircraft missile thiab artillery system - yog tsim los coj mus rau hauv tus account lub uas twb muaj lawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub "Tunguska". Thaum sib sau ua ke ZRAK tshiab, cov neeg tsim qauv siv cov pob npaj ua tiav. Ib txhia ntawm lawv tau kiag li, tsis muaj kev hloov pauv, hloov mus rau"Dirk". Lub missile system, txawm li cas los xij, muaj feem ntau ntawm cov ntsiab lus uas yuav tsum tau rov tsim dua.
Txoj kev ntawm tus qauv ntawm ZRAK tshiab
Kortik anti-aircraft missile thiab artillery system tuaj yeem nruab nrog ib lossis ob qhov lus txib uas muaj chaw nres tsheb radar thiab digital tswj system. Rau ib lub nkoj me me, ib qho kev sib ntaus sib tua yog npaj, uas muaj cov cuaj luaj thiab phom, thiab rau lub nkoj loj lossis nkoj nkoj - ob peb, nrog rau tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm ntau yam riam phom tiv thaiv dav hlau. Yog tias tsim nyog, kev sib ntaus sib tua modules (3S87) tuaj yeem ntsia tau rau txhua qhov ntawm lub lawj. Ib qho module, tsis muaj mos txwv, hnyav 9 txhiab 500 kg, nrog mos mos - 12 txhiab kg. Rau nws lub installation, ib tug tshwj xeeb turntable tau tsim uas tso cai rau koj mus aim riam phom horizontally. Sab saum toj ntawm lub module yog nruab nrog radar thiab optoelectronic chaw nres tsheb lub luag hauj lwm rau aiming ntawm lub hom phiaj. Sab saum toj ntawm lub platform tau dhau los ua qhov chaw ntawm phom thiab cuaj luaj.
Armaments
ZRAK "Dagger" yog nruab nrog:
- 9M311-1 tiv thaiv dav hlau coj ob-theem cov khoom siv foob pob hluav taws nrog fragmentation-rod warheads thiab tsis sib cuag lub hom phiaj.
- Ob rab phom rau rab phom AO-18K caliber 30 mm, muaj peev xwm tua hluav taws ntawm qhov deb ntawm 2-4 km.
- Command module uas ua lub hom phiaj nrhiav pom, faib thiab muab cov lus qhia rau kev sib ntaus sib tua.
- Ib lossis rau rau kev sib ntaus sib tua. Lawv tau txais lub hom phiaj tsim los ntawm cov lus txib modules, ua tsis siv neegphiaj xwm taug qab thiab foob pob hluav taws nrog foob pob hluav taws thiab phom loj.
- Lub kaw lus tshwj xeeb lub luag haujlwm khaws cia thiab rov thauj cov riam phom nkoj. Lub kaw lus no yog lub thawv uas cov khoom sib ntaus sib tua tau nqa thiab muab tso rau hauv cellar.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv foob pob hluav taws los ntawm cov hmoov av, muaj cov cylindrical tshwj xeeb ntawm cov phom phom. Lub ZRAK "Kortik" siv auger linkless mov ntawm projectiles. Lub complex yog automated.
Tactical thiab technical yam ntxwv
ZRAK "Dirk" yog tsim los ntaus lub hom phiaj hauv ob thaj chaw:
Missiles:
1) 1km 500m - 8km;
2) 5 km – 3 km 500 m.
Artillery:
1) 500 m - 4 km;
2) 5 m - 3 km.
- Tus nqi hluav taws ntawm ZRAK yog 10,000 rounds hauv ib feeb.
- Reaction time 8 sec.
- Qhov raug ntawm radar kev taw qhia channel yog nyob rau hauv ob txog peb meters.
- Kortik yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm qhov muaj feem ntau ntawm kev swb: 94-99%.
Leej twg siv lub complex?
Cov neeg nqa khoom ntawm ZRAK "Kortik" yog:
- Hnyav nuclear missile cruisers Peter the Great thiab Admiral Nakhimov.
- Heavy aircraft-nqa nkoj nkoj Admiral Kuznetsov.
- Saib xyuas nkoj.
Tsis tas li ntawd, Kortik ZRAK yog siv los ntawm Neustrashimy thiab Yaroslav lub Wise patrol nkoj, nrog rauthiab Talwar frigate.
Export version ntawm anti-aircraft complex
Nyob rau hauv lub 90s, "Chestnut" ZRAK tshwm sim, uas xyaum tsis txawv ntawm nws cov qauv yooj yim - "Kortika". Qhov txawv tsuas yog tias Kortik complex tsuas yog siv los ntawm Lavxias Navy, thiab Kashtan huab cua tiv thaiv system yog npaj tshwj xeeb rau kev xa tawm. Cov tub rog Indian tau dhau los ua cov neeg yuav khoom ntawm no version ntawm anti-aircraft complex. Indian Navy siv Project 1135, 6 frigates. Thaum xyoo 2003-2013, kaum lub nkoj zoo li no ntawm qhov project 1135, 6 tau muag rau Is Nrias teb, nrog rau Kashtan huab cua tiv thaiv kab ke rau lawv.
Zoo kawg
ZRAK "Kortik" yog siv los ntawm Lavxias Navy los tiv thaiv cov nkoj thiab cov khoom nyob ruaj khov los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab siab-frequency anti-ship missiles. Qhov ZRAK no zoo heev rau kev tua ntawm lub hiav txwv me thiab hauv av lub hom phiaj.
