Txhua lub sijhawm, tib neeg yuav tsum tau piav qhia lawv tus kheej thiab nkag siab ib leeg. Thiab qhov no tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias lawv hais lus sib txawv, txawm tias lawv muaj feem cuam tshuam. Thiab tom qab ntawd koj tau txais ib hom kev sib xyaw uas suav nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm ob hom lus.
Rise
Surzhik yog dab tsi? Linguists tsis muaj kev xav tsis meej txog qhov no. Qhov tshwm sim no tseem tsis tau kawm txaus, txawm hais tias nws tau pom ntev heev, thiab txawm tias tam sim no nws tshwm sim. Feem ntau, lo lus no yog to taub raws li kev sib xyaw ntawm Ukrainian thiab Lavxias teb sab lus, tab sis qee zaum muaj kev sib cuag ntawm ob hom lus hu ua surzhik. Surzhik tsis suav hais tias yog ib hom lus ywj pheej, nws tseem nyob ze rau jargon, txawm hais tias nws tau tsim heev.
Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm lo lus no tsis muaj dab tsi cuam tshuam nrog kev hais lus - nws yog lub npe ntawm khob cij lossis hmoov nplej ua los ntawm ntau hom nplej.
Yog vim li cas rau qhov tshwm sim no yog qhov yooj yim heev: rau ntau pua xyoo cov lus Ukrainian raug tsim txom nyob rau hauv txhua txoj kev, nws tau hais tias nws tsuas yog ib hom lus ntawm Lavxias. Rau qee lub sij hawm muaj txawm tias txwv tsis pub luam tawm phau ntawv hauv Ukrainian, kev loj hlob ntawm cov lus tau ua tsis tau. Nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no tsim ntawmntau dua los yog tsawg dua yooj yim version uas sib txuas cov yam ntxwv ntawm ob hom lus.
Tej zaum Ukrainian surzhik muaj ntau qhov chaw. Ua ntej, qhov no yog kev sib txuas lus nyob rau hauv cov tsev neeg sib xyaw, thiab qhov thib ob, cov neeg nyob deb nroog, muaj ntau cov Russianisms, thiab, ntawm chav kawm, yuav tsum tau to taub ib leeg thiab piav qhia rau cov neeg uas pib hais lus sib txawv. Yog li cov txheej txheem ntawm interpenetration yog qhov laj thawj heev.
Ntse
Dab tsi yog surzhik hais txog kev hais lus? Nws muaj qauv dab tsi? Tseem tsis tau muaj cov lus teb meej rau tag nrho cov lus nug no. Cov xwm txheej kuj tsis meej. Ib tug neeg xav tias nws tuaj yeem suav tias tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li cov lus slang, tsuas yog ib qho kev sib tham. Qee qhov sib cav hais tias nws cov ntsiab lus yog qhov nyuaj tshaj qhov yooj yim kis ntawm cov lus Ukrainian nrog cov lus Lavxias. Muaj txawm tias cov kev xav tias nws txhim kho mus rau hauv kev ywj pheej ntawm kev hais lus tawm, thiab tsis yog ib qho kev hais lus lossis tsis paub lus ntawm cov lus tau txais. Yog li, lo lus nug ntawm dab tsi surzhik yog tseem qhib.
Txoj cai qauv sau ntawv tseem zoo ib yam. Cov lus yog sau nrog Russianisms - nyob rau hauv lub classical kev nkag siab, qhov no yog Surzhik. Yog li ntawd, cov lus tau nkag siab rau cov neeg hais lus ntawm ob hom lus, uas yog, kev sib cuag ntau dua lossis tsawg dua tuaj yeem ua tau. Surzhik tsis muaj xwm txheej. Niaj hnub no linguists ntawm Ukraine txiav txim siab nws tsuas yog ib tug corrupted version ntawm cov lus sau.
Kev tsis sib haum xeeb txog dab tsi surzhik, yuav ua li cas pom nws, ploj mus ib ntus, tab sis tom qab ntawd rov tshwm sim dua.
Modernkev faib tawm
Tshuaj tshwm sim xyoo 19th, nws tseem muaj. Qhov tseeb, "classic" surzhik yog tam sim no siv los ntawm kwv yees li ib feem tsib ntawm cov pejxeem ntawm Ukraine - nws yog hais txog li 18% ntawm cov pej xeem. Feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov, nws yog faib, ntawm chav kawm, nyob rau hauv ciam teb nrog lub Lavxias teb sab Federation - uas yog, nyob rau hauv lub qaum teb sab hnub tuaj ib feem ntawm lub teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam nyob sib ze uas twb zwm rau Lavxias teb sab Federation (Voronezh thiab Belgorod), nws kuj yog siv, txawm li cas los, nws muaj ib tug me ntsis txawv daim ntawv. Cov neeg nyob hauv cov chaw no thov hais lus Ukrainian, txawm hais tias qhov tseeb nws yog Lavxias nrog qiv.
Muaj qee qhov xwm txheej no yog siv los tsim cov nyhuv comic ob leeg hais lus thiab sau ntawv. Tseem muaj ib ceg lus nyob rau ciam teb nrog Poland, nws tseem hu ua Surzhik.
Us piv txwv
Raws li twb tau hais lawm, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Surzhik yog kev khaws cia ntawm cov ntsiab lus dav dav ntawm Ukrainian cov qauv sau ntawv thiab kev sau ntawv thaum qiv cov lus Lavxias. Qhov tshwm sim yog qhov sib xyaw txaus nyiam heev.
| Surzhik | Ntxhais lus Ukrainian |
| Thawj, thib ob, thib peb | Thawj, thib ob, thib peb |
| Txo nqi rau koj lub davhlau? | Skіlki tebi rokіv? |
| Koj ua li cas? | Koj nyob li cas? |
| Yak to have to | Yuav ua li cas |
Txawm hais tias qhov xwm txheej tsis meej thiab qhov kev cia siab yav tom ntej, hnub no surzhik yog ib qho lus nthuav dav heevib qho tshwm sim uas ua rau muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb heev vim nws tuaj yeem pom hauv ntau txoj kev sib txawv. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no yog qee theem ntawm kev txhim kho cov lus.
Leej twg paub, tej zaum yav tom ntej nws yuav raug cais tag nrho. Tej zaum qhov kev ntshaw ntawm Ukrainians rau kev txheeb xyuas tus kheej yuav ua rau rov qab los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg.
Lwm hom lus sib xyaw
Txawm tias qhov tseeb tias surzhik yog qhov tshwm sim nthuav, nws tsis yog qhov tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv Belarus, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau cov lus sau, muaj lub thiaj li hu ua trasyanka, zoo ib yam li Ukrainian version. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev sib xyaw ua ke muaj nyob hauv Europe. Lawv cov lus hauv zos muaj nyob hauv tebchaws Greece, Serbia, Sweden, Norway, Great Britain thiab lwm lub tebchaws. Lawv kuj tuaj yeem pom nyob hauv ntau thaj tsam ntawm Latin America, hauv Africa. Muaj ib qho piv txwv nyob rau hauv Russia - Aleutian-Mednovian lus, uas muaj nyob rau ntawm ib qho ntawm cov Commander Islands nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv Bering. Nws tuag. Raws li 2004 cov ntaub ntawv, tsuas yog 5 tus neeg muaj nws. Thiab txij li cov lus no tsis muaj nws tus kheej cov lus sau, nws yuav ploj mus tag nrog kev tuag ntawm tus neeg hais lus kawg.
