Norsky xwm cia hauv thaj av Amur: cov yam ntxwv dav dav, muaj tsiaj thiab tsiaj

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 08:07

Lub siab tiag tiag ntawm thaj chaw tiv thaiv ntawm thaj av Amur thiab qhov chaw uas muaj cov neeg coob coob ntawm Siberian roe mos lwj hauv ntiaj teb, nrog rau kev tsim tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm swampy marshes, yog qhov no amazing. tseg. Lub xeev-tiv thaiv cheeb tsam no muaj cov xwm txheej siab nyob rau hauv Russia, thiab nws qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txuag thiab kev nce hauv cov pejxeem ntawm cov tsiaj tsis tshua muaj yog qhov tsis lees paub.

Nov yog Norsky xwm cia ntawm thaj av Amur, hais txog cov ntaub ntawv twg tau nthuav tawm hauv kab lus.

History of Creation

Nyob rau thaj chaw tshwj xeeb no, qhov chaw cia tau tsim thawj zaug hauv xyoo 1981. Nws hu ua Ust-Norsk. Txawm li cas los xij, thaj chaw tiv thaiv nyob 10 npaug tsawg dua thaj tsam tam sim no. Qhov chaw tiv thaiv tau nthuav dav hauv xyoo 1984, qhov chaw khaws cia tau txais cov xwm txheej ntawm thaj chaw zoological thiab tau los ua lub npe hu ua Norsk Republican.

Xyoo 1990, thaj chaw tau lees paub tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tiv thaiv tsiaj nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, thiab xyoo 1998 muajIb tug cia nrog lub npe niaj hnub - Norsky Reserve tau tsim. Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kawm yog kev tiv thaiv ib txwm nyob rau yav qab teb taiga ecosystems ntawm Northern Amur cheeb tsam, nrog rau flora, fauna thiab cov dej muaj nqis tshaj plaws ntawm Amur-Zeya lowland.

Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus tswj hwm, lub cia yog nyob rau hauv Selemdzhinsky koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Amur cheeb tsam.

Rationale for creation and significance

Raws li nyob rau hauv feem ntau lwm thaj tsam ntawm Far East, Norsky Reserve ntawm Amur Cheeb Tsam yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke kev loj hlob thiab kev nyob ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu ntawm ntau thaj chaw ntuj.

Yuav ua li cas thiaj li tsim nyog los tsim kom muaj nuj nqis?

1. Kev tiv thaiv thaj chaw ntuj tsim kom khaws cov tsiaj txhu sib txawv ntawm ntuj tsim.
2. Kev tshawb fawb thiab keeb kwm ntuj tsim.
3. Kev saib xyuas ib puag ncig.
4. Kev kawm ib puag ncig.
5. Kev koom tes hauv lub xeev ib puag ncig kev tshuaj xyuas cov haujlwm thiab cov phiaj xwm rau kev tso chaw ntawm kev lag luam, thiab lwm yam.
6. Kev pab hauv kev cob qhia cov kws tshaj lij thiab cov kws tshawb fawb txog kev txuag ntuj.
7. Kev sim ua haujlwm thiab kev siv cov txheej txheem kev tswj hwm qhov xwm txheej ntawm qhov chaw ntawm thaj chaw biosphere uas tsis ua kom puas lossis puas tsuaj ib puag ncig lom neeg.

Cov yam ntxwv dav dav ntawm Norsky Reserve

Tag nrho thaj chaw ntawm thaj chaw yog yuav luag 211.2 txhiab hectares. Nws suav nrog ib ntu. Thaj chaw dej yog 2 txhiab hectares, thiab thaj tsam tsis yog 9.9 txhiab hectares.ha.

Yeej, qhov pom ntawm qhov chaw cia yog tsim los ntawm cov pob zeb, pob zeb ntug dej hiav txwv thiab thaj av dav. Qhov siab tshaj plaws hauv cheeb tsam no ncav cuag 370 meters. Txij Lub Xya Hli mus txog Lub Yim Hli yog lub caij los nag. Lub sijhawm no, dej nyab sai sai tshwm sim, thiab qee lub xyoo lawv dhau los ua dej nyab tiag tiag. Cov dej ntws loj tshaj plaws ntawm thaj chaw tiv thaiv yog Selemdzha, Burunda thiab Nora, uas yog roob-taiga dej ntws thiab yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev sib hloov ceev ceev thiab ncav cuag.

Kev nyab xeeb hauv cheeb tsam no yog thaj av loj heev. Lub sijhawm frosts hnyav tshaj plaws yog lub hli ntawm Lub Ib Hlis (qhov nruab nrab kub nce mus txog -30 ºС). Lub caij ntuj sov yog heev sov, ntub, nrog nquag cyclones nqa hnyav los nag. Lub hli kub tshaj plaws yog Lub Xya Hli, nrog qhov nruab nrab huab cua kub txog +20 ºС.

Qee yam

Nws tseem ceeb heev kom nco ntsoov qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov dej ntws ntawm Norsky Nature Reserve nyob. Nws lub ntsiab dej yog Selemdzha, uas tau txais nws lub npe los ntawm cov lus Evenki. Lub npe hauv kev txhais lus zoo li "Hlau". Ua tsaug rau kev sib tshuam ntawm cov hlab ntsha uas muaj zog nrog tus dej Nora, ib lub hav txawv txawv tau tsim ntawm no. Cov swamps loj loj tau nthuav dav hauv nws - ib qho kev tsim tshwj xeeb hu ua mari. Lawv npog nrog kev loj hlob ntawm larches thiab dwarf birches.

Cov swamps zoo li no tau tsim nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas av permafrost nyob, maj mam thawing thiab tsim ib txheej dej mus tas li hauv av. Lub colossal tseem ceeb ntawm cov mares nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb tias lawv nyob tas lipub los ntawm cov dej ntws hauv zos thiab cov dej ntws. Ua tsaug rau qhov tshwm sim no, cov dej ntws hauv Far Eastern muaj cov dej txaus.

Norsky xwm cia yog tib qhov xwm txheej huab cua hauv tebchaws Russia, thiab yog li khaws cia hauv nws daim ntawv qub yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb rau cov thawj coj ntawm thaj av Amur.

Flora

Thaj chaw tiv thaiv yog nyob rau thaj chaw hloov pauv. Qhov no yog qhov chaw uas cov cheeb tsam ntawm sab qab teb thiab nruab nrab taiga converge. Okhotsk, Siberian thiab Manchurian ntau yam nroj tsuag muaj nyob ntawm no. Nyob rau hauv cov chaw no, spruces yog entwined nrog Suav limen, thiab Cajanders (larches) sib tw nrog Chosenia nyob rau hauv lawv qhov siab.

Thaj chaw ntawm Norsky cia yog ntau tshaj li ib nrab ntawm cov nroj tsuag hav zoov. Lub ntsiab hav zoov-tsim hom yog dawb birch thiab Gmelin larch. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, Daurian rhododendrons pib tawg nyob rau hauv lub larch forests, thiab nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, lingonberries ripen hnyav. Dej nyab ntug dej yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj ntau haiv neeg thiab nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom eleutherococcus, Japanese chase, Amur barberry, Bush lilies thiab dej txiv ntseej, nrog rau ntau cov nroj tsuag tsis tshua muaj.

Cov nroj tsuag pob zeb kuj txawv ntawm no. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom cov cim tshwj xeeb - Selemdzhin saxifrage, uas tsuas yog loj hlob ntawm lub qhov ncauj ntawm tus dej. Burrows.

fauna

Cov tsiaj txhu ntawm Norsky cia yog sawv cev los ntawm 200 hom ntses, ob hom amphibians, tsib tsiaj reptiles, 35 hom tsiaj thiab 390 hom noog. Hauv cov chaw no, nrog rau ntau yam rau Eurasia teal mallardskiller whales thiab mandarin ducks zes, Siberian nightingales coexist nrog larvae thiab dawb-qhov muag.

Ib qho tshwj xeeb nyiam ntawm Norsky xwm cia yog Siberian roe mos lwj. Qhov chaw tiv thaiv no yog lub tsev rau lub ntiaj teb cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov tsiaj no. Lawv tus lej yog 5-7 txhiab taub hau.

Thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg, feem ntau ntawm cov tib neeg tawm ntawm thaj chaw no mus rau sab hnub poob. Thaum lub sijhawm no, ib tus tuaj yeem pom qhov tshwm sim tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws - kev txav ntawm cov tsiaj thoob plaws Nora River. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub tract M altsev Lug, kwv yees li 300 roe mos lwj nyob rau hauv ib hnub raug thauj mus los hla tus dej nyob rau hauv ib feem ntawm tus dej txog 2 kilometers ntev. Tus Tsov Amur uas paub zoo kuj nyob hauv qhov chaw cia.

Birds

Lub cia yog ib qho chaw rau ntau yam avifauna. Noog ntawm Norsky Reserve: dawb-eyed, xiav-eyed thrush (qhov zoo tshaj plaws hu nkauj ntawm Amur cheeb tsam), dawb-throated thrush, tsis tshua muaj kloktun ducks, ci daj flycatcher. Zoo nkauj whooper swans zes hauv dej nyab ntawm Nora thiab Burunda dej ntws. Hauv cov swamps, koj tuaj yeem pom ntau qhov Far Eastern curlews.

Dub, Japanese thiab dawb-naped cranes tuaj yeem pom ntawm no txhua xyoo. Txhua xyoo ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw dawb cranes. Osprey zes (ntau tshaj 10) thiab 3 zes ntawm dawb-tailed eagles paub. Phau Ntawv Liab ntawm Lavxias Federation suav nrog 24 hom noog ntawm Nora-Selemdzha cuam tshuam hauv nws cov npe.

Nyob hauv kaw

Vim qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm ib puag ncig thiabkeeb kwm ntev ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov cheeb tsam no hauv lub ces kaum tshwj xeeb ntawm Russia tau tswj hwm kom muaj ntau haiv neeg ntawm lub ntiaj teb ntawm flora thiab fauna.

Nws tseem yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias muaj txoj kev nthuav dav qhib rau thaj chaw ntawm thaj chaw cia. Nws ntev yog 150 km, thiab nws khiav raws ntug dej ntawm Nora River raws ciam teb heev. Taug kev ntawm no, koj tuaj yeem ntes txhua qhov kev zoo nkauj thiab ntau haiv neeg ntawm cov nroj tsuag nyob ib puag ncig, thiab thaum lub Cuaj Hli koj tuaj yeem saib qhov pom zoo - kev tsiv teb tsaws ntau ntawm roe mos lwj.