Teeb meem ecological ntawm West Siberian Plain. Teeb meem ntawm xwm thiab txiv neej nyob rau hauv Western Siberia

Cov txheej txheem:

Teeb meem ecological ntawm West Siberian Plain. Teeb meem ntawm xwm thiab txiv neej nyob rau hauv Western Siberia
Teeb meem ecological ntawm West Siberian Plain. Teeb meem ntawm xwm thiab txiv neej nyob rau hauv Western Siberia

Video: Teeb meem ecological ntawm West Siberian Plain. Teeb meem ntawm xwm thiab txiv neej nyob rau hauv Western Siberia

Video: Teeb meem ecological ntawm West Siberian Plain. Teeb meem ntawm xwm thiab txiv neej nyob rau hauv Western Siberia
Video: Field Trip To The West Siberia 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Hnub no, yuav luag txhua lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb, qhov teeb meem ntawm kev nyab xeeb ib puag ncig yog qhov mob hnyav heev. Tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi uas xav tsis thoob hauv qhov no: cov pob khaus thiab kev ntshaw siv ntawm cov khoom siv ntuj tsim tau coj mus rau qhov tseeb tias tam sim no muaj kev txaus ntshai ntawm kev ploj mus tsis yog tsuas yog feem ntau ntawm cov tsiaj, tab sis kuj ntawm tib neeg haiv neeg. Muaj ntau qhov kev pab cuam ib puag ncig thiab ib puag ncig uas tuaj yeem pab daws teeb meem txhua yam teeb meem. Tab sis, raws li nws feem ntau tshwm sim, txhua yam zoo nkaus li ntawm daim ntawv.

ib puag ncig teeb meem ntawm West Siberian Plain
ib puag ncig teeb meem ntawm West Siberian Plain

Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb rau peb lub tebchaws. Hmoov tsis zoo, qhov teeb meem ntawm lub xeev ecological ntawm thaj chaw ib txwm nyob ntawm qhov kawg ntawm peb qhov tseem ceeb. Ib zaug dhau los, qhov no tsis ua rau muaj teeb meem ntau, tab sis lub sijhawm hloov pauv, thiab kev siv cov pa phem ntawm peb cov av tau nce ntawm qhov txaus ntshai. Ntawm chav kawm, niaj hnub kev vam meej tsis tuaj yeem nyob tsis muaj tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig uasmuab kev lag luam tsim kho. Hmoov tsis zoo, cov tuam txhab lag luam feem ntau txhob txwm tshaj tawm cov kev cai ib puag ncig ib puag ncig, ua rau muaj kev ua qias tuaj ntau dua.

Tsis txhob hnov qab tias tsis muaj xwm txheej tsis muaj txiv neej. Kev noj qab nyob zoo ntawm peb cov me nyuam yav tom ntej yog nyob ntawm seb peb tiv thaiv ib puag ncig zoo li cas, yog li qhov teeb meem no tsis yog yuav tsum tau maj mam maj mam.

Kev tsim kho kev lag luam hauv lub tebchaws, uas tau nrawm dua nyob rau xyoo tas los no, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev lag luam, tab sis cov teeb meem ib puag ncig ntawm West Siberian Plain tau loj hlob txhua xyoo vim qhov no.

Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias qhov kev sib txuas tsis muaj zog tshaj plaws hauv txhua qhov haujlwm ib puag ncig yog txiaj ntsig kev lag luam. Txawm tias qhov kev teeb tsa ntawm cov chaw kho mob yooj yim tshaj plaws yog kim heev, thiab yog li kev tswj hwm ntawm cov tuam txhab feem ntau "tsis nco qab" txog lawv, nyiam them nyiaj tsawg dua.

Nws mus yam tsis tau hais tias tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa tiag tiag los ntawm lub xeev, uas yuav faib nyiaj rau kev yuav khoom siv, yam tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa kev xa tawm ntawm kev ua haujlwm ib puag ncig, ib tus yuav tsum tsis txhob npau suav txog kev txhim kho ib puag ncig hauv peb lub tebchaws..

Qhov no muaj tseeb tshwj xeeb rau Western Siberia. Cov cheeb tsam no txawv heev uas yuav tsum tau muab rau tag nrho tsab xov xwm rau nws.

Introduction

Los ntawm txoj kev, West Siberian Plain nyob qhov twg? Nws nyob thoob plaws thaj chaw ntawm lub roob Ural mus rau Central Siberian Plateau, tuav thaj chaw loj heev.

Western Siberia yog thaj chaw tshwj xeeb. Nws zoo li lub tais loj uas muaj huab cua hnyav heev kav. Lub hnub nyoog ntawm West Siberian Plain yog tsawg kawg yog 25 lab xyoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog qhov tshwj xeeb hauv nws txoj kev loj hlob geological: ntau txhiab xyoo, thaj chaw no tau nce thiab poob mus tas li, uas yog vim li cas qhov kev xav txawv txawv thiab nyuaj tau tsim los ntawm no. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov nruab nrab qhov siab ntawm West Siberian Plain tsis siab: thoob plaws nws qhov ntev lawv tsis tshua muaj siab tshaj 50-150 meters saum toj no hiav txwv theem.

Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev nyem yog cov tiaj thiab cov ntug dej. Hauv qee qhov chaw, lub tiaj tau txais cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov toj roob hauv pes folded. Nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Western Siberia, cov qauv zoo li no feem ntau tshwm sim. Ntau tus dej tiaj tiaj, tsim nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm cov dej loj loj qeeb-ntws, ua tiav daim duab. Qhov ntawd yog qhov chaw West Siberian Plain.

Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm thaj av

Raws li peb tau hais lawm, huab cua ntawm no yog qhov tshwj xeeb. Yog li ntawd, cov cheeb tsam yav qab teb yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm kev nyab xeeb continental. Vim lub fact tias daim ntawv nyem ntawm West Siberian Plain yog ib hom ntawm lub tais (saib saum toj no), tsis muaj ib qho tseem ceeb txav ntawm huab cua huab cua nyob rau hauv nws ciam teb. Yog li ntawd, tsis muaj kev hloov pauv hauv qhov kub thiab txias thoob plaws lub caij ntuj no. Thiab qhov no yog qhov xav tsis thoob vim qhov ntev ntawm West Siberian Plain yog yuav luag 2,500 txhiab kilometers!

sab hnub poob siberian tiaj nyob qhov twg
sab hnub poob siberian tiaj nyob qhov twg

Yog, txawmnyob rau hauv Barnaul, qhov kub thiab txias feem ntau poob mus rau -45 degrees Celsius, tab sis tib qhov kub thiab txias tau pom nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm lub tiaj, txawm hais tias nws yog ntau tshaj li ob txhiab kilometers deb. Caij nplooj ntoos hlav yog qhov ntev thiab kuj qhuav. Lub Plaub Hlis nyob rau hauv qhov kev nkag siab ntawm lo lus tsis yog lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav.

Lub Tsib Hlis, qhov kub nce siab, tab sis vim muaj huab cua huab cua los ntawm dej hiav txwv, txias feem ntau rov qab los, thiab qee zaum muaj daus. Thaum Lub Xya Hli, huab cua nruab nrab tuaj yeem ncav cuag +22 degrees Celsius (tab sis tsis ntau tshaj 5 degrees nyob rau sab qaum teb). Txij li qhov nruab nrab qhov siab ntawm West Siberian Plain me me, muaj zog tho cua feem ntau tshwm sim.

Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm qhov teeb meem ib puag ncig nyuaj hauv cheeb tsam

Ua ntej, qhov xwm txheej tam sim no yog vim qhov tseeb tias nyob rau xyoo tas los no kev siv zog ntawm kev rho tawm ntawm cov peev txheej ntuj tau loj hlob zoo li avalanche. Nyob rau sab hnub poob Siberia, muaj ntau qhov kev lag luam ib zaug uas ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj tshaj plaws rau xwm: pulp thiab ntawv, zaub mov, roj thiab hav zoov. Tsis txhob hnov qab txog kev loj hlob tawg ntawm cov tsheb ntawm tus kheej, uas tseem ua rau muaj kev ua qias tuaj ib puag ncig.

Hmoov tsis zoo, qhov tshwm sim no raug yuam txawm tias los ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb: nyob rau xyoo tas los no, ntau cov ntxhia chiv, tshuaj tua kab thiab tshuaj tua kab mob tau siv hauv Western Siberia. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tub ceev xwm hauv cheeb tsam tsis txaus siab rau yam tsawg kawg yog qee qhov kev txiav txim txog kev pov tseg.

Ntau ntawm lawv tau raug kaw ntev, tab sis txuas ntxiv hlawv tsis tu ncua txhua lub caij ntuj sov, feem ntaucoj cov neeg nyob ze ntawm thaj chaw nyob ze rau kev rov ua haujlwm. Vim lub fact tias cov duab ntawm lub nyem ntawm West Siberian Plain yog zoo ib yam li lub tais, cov smog sawv nyob rau hauv lub nroog rau ob peb lub hlis. Cov kev txheeb cais yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm cov tsev kho mob qhia tau tias lub sijhawm no muaj cov kab mob ua pa nyuaj heev.

Thaum kawg, peb yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg siv cov peev txheej hloov tsis tau ntawm West Siberian Plain. Cov laj thawj yuav tsum tau nrhiav txawm nyob rau hauv tsarist lub sij hawm. Tom qab ntawd, raws li nyob rau hauv lub Soviet lub sij hawm, thaum xub thawj lawv pib siv lub feem ntau yooj yim mus cuag thiab nplua nuj deposits, nyob rau hauv txoj kev, rhuav tshem tag nrho cov nyob ze hav zoov. Yog tias koj paub txog cov lus piav qhia luv luv ntawm West Siberian Plain, ces koj yuav paub tias tsis muaj hav zoov ntau ntawm nws thaj chaw. Thaum lawv cov crowns nrov nrov yuav luag thoob plaws hauv cheeb tsam, tab sis vim muaj kev lag luam sai ntawm lub teb chaws, yuav luag tag nrho cov ntawm lawv tau rhuav tshem tag nrho.

thaj av ntawm West Siberian Plain
thaj av ntawm West Siberian Plain

Thiab tom qab ntawd lawv puas tau pib tsim cov kev tso nyiaj nyob deb, uas, vim qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov thev naus laus zis, tau ploj mus sai heev.

Dhau li ntawd, feem ntau ntawm cov khoom siv raw hauv cov nyiaj tso cia tseem nyob ntawd. Qhov laj thawj yog tib lub tshuab rov qab. Tam sim no nws muaj peev xwm mus rau cov chaw khaws cia no, tab sis koj yuav tsum tau them nyiaj rau qhov no los ntawm kev siv zog ua haujlwm siab thiab muaj ntau qhov pov tseg. Niaj hnub no, qhov no tau ua ntau thiab ntau dua. Cov txiaj ntsig yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg: qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm slag tsuas yog clogs lub ntiaj teb, thiab nws cov huab hwm coj ua rau lub ntiaj teb qis dua. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov dej ntws hauv av dhau los ua qhov ntiav thiab nres tag nrho,karst faults, nyob ze qhov twg kev lag luam kev ua haujlwm yog qhov txaus ntshai heev.

Txij thaum muaj hnub nyoog ntawm West Siberian Plain yog kwv yees li 25-30 lab xyoo, muaj nyiaj ntau hauv nws lub plab. Tab sis tsis txhob xav tias lawv cov khoom tsis muaj kev txwv.

Lwm qhov laj thawj yog inertia ntawm kev xav thiab kev ua raws li kev coj ua dogmas. Coob leej neeg tseem ntseeg ib yam ntawm "superpower" ntawm tus txiv neej, uas tso cai rau nws tsis quav ntsej qhov xwm txheej. Lawv tsis nco qab tias lub biosphere tsis yog tsuas yog ib qho nyuaj heev, tab sis kuj yog ib qho yooj yim heev mechanism, inept thiab mismanaged intervention nyob rau hauv uas yog fraught nrog loj teeb meem rau tag nrho cov noob neej.

Txawm li cas los xij, peb twb tau tswj xyuas kom paub tseeb tias qhov no: qhov kev nyab xeeb tsis tu ncua "frills", thaum tsis muaj leej twg xav tsis thoob los ntawm qhov tsis muaj daus nyob rau lub Ib Hlis lossis snowfalls thaum Lub Rau Hli, qhov tshwm sim tsis tu ncua ntawm tsunami thiab cua daj cua dub, Kev tuag ntawm cov ntses loj heev vim muaj emissions ntawm cov tshuaj lom mus rau hauv cov dej ntws. Tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los no, tus cwj pwm ntawm Sab Hnub Poob Siberian Plain raws li qhov chaw "muaj kuab heev" tsis zoo li nyuaj siab, txawm hais tias tag nrho cov xwm txheej no yog kev sib txuas hauv tib txoj saw.

Kev cuam tshuam ntawm anthropogenic yam

Ntau lub nroog hauv cheeb tsam no yeej nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm kev kub ntxhov ecological mus tas li. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau qhov xwm txheej no yog qhov pom tseeb tsis sib xws ntawm qhov ntim ntawm kev tswj hwm ntuj thiab kev ntsuas los tiv thaiv ib puag ncig. Cias muab tso, tib cov roj ntau lawm zuj zus, tab sis tsis muaj kev ntsuas los ntxuav ib puag ncig los ntawm cov roj nchuav.

Qhov nruab nrab qhov siab ntawm West Siberian Plain
Qhov nruab nrab qhov siab ntawm West Siberian Plain

Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ntau lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob hauv cheeb tsam, lub xeev uas feem ntau nyob deb ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Txij li thaum qhov siab ntawm West Siberian Plain yog qis (tsawg dua yuav kis tau tus kab mob sai), nws yog thaj av no uas tau xaiv los ntawm Soviet thawj coj rau kev sim riam phom nuclear. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov no tau hnov los ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv cheeb tsam txog niaj hnub no.

Nws tsis yog lub caij nyoog uas peb tau tham ntau txog lub ntuj thiab huab cua ntawm thaj chaw no thaum pib ntawm tsab xov xwm (xws li qhov siab ntawm West Siberian Plain): tib yam permafrost, uas nyob txhua qhov chaw. nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm lub tiaj tiaj, yog ib qho tseem ceeb ua rau kev loj hlob ib puag ncig nruj. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm huab cua nyob rau lub caij ntuj no ua rau muaj kev nce zuj zus ntawm huab cua ntau dhau ntawm cov nroog loj, uas muaj ntau hauv cheeb tsam no.

Kev tshawb fawb qhia meej tias qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm thaj tsam West Siberian Plain yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm thaj chaw Altai, Tomsk Thaj Chaw, nrog rau thaj tsam Omsk thiab Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. Hauv cov cheeb tsam no, qhov kev pheej hmoo rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv tau dhau los ntawm 80-85%! Feem ntau, cov teeb meem zoo li no nyob li ntawm 15% ntawm tag nrho thaj chaw ntawm Western Siberia.

Tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov pa phem

Nyob hauv Kemerovo, Novokuznetsk, Prokopievsk, nrog rau Tomsk, Omsk, Barnaul thiab Tyumen (rau qhov tsawg dua), qhov xwm txheej tau dhau los ua kev puas tsuaj txhua xyoo. Muaj cov ntsiab lus nce ntxiv ntawm formaldehyde, benzapyrene thiab phenol hauv huab cua. Tag nrho cov tshuaj no yog cov carcinogens txaus ntshai tshaj plaws. Ntxiv rau qhov lojtus nqi ntawm soot thiab divalent carbon monoxide emitted. Thiab ib qho yuav tsum tsis txhob xav tsis thoob ntawm cov kab mob ua pa tsis tu ncua ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv cov nroog no. Cia peb tsis txhob hnov qab txog nitrogen dioxide emissions, uas yog ib tug muaj zog tshuaj lom.

Roj refining kev lag luam

sab hnub poob siberian daim duab
sab hnub poob siberian daim duab

Txhua xyoo, cov roj tsim hluav taws xob hlawv txog xya txhiab cubic meters ntawm cov pa roj sib txuas, uas yog tsawg kawg yog 75-80% ntawm tag nrho nws cov ntim. Thiab qhov no txawm tias qhov tseeb tias nws cov thev naus laus zis tsis tuaj yeem tshaj 5%. Gas flares nyob rau sab hnub poob Siberia yog zoo kawg nkaus pom txawm los ntawm qhov chaw. Nws yuav tsum tau ntxiv hais tias lub degree ntawm purification ntawm emissions nyob rau hauv cov roj refining kev lag luam ntawm lub cheeb tsam tsis tshaj 0.015%. Yog li, cov teeb meem ib puag ncig ntawm West Siberian Plain feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm tus cwj pwm tsis ncaj ncees ntawm ib feem ntawm cov tuam txhab roj loj.

Radiation kis ntawm thaj chaw

Qhov no tsis yog feem ntau tham txog, tab sis feem ntau ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Western Siberia yog nyob rau hauv thaj chaw muaj hluav taws xob loj heev ntawm thaj chaw. Lub ntsiab "mrit" nyob rau hauv no belongs rau lub enterprise "Khimkontsentrat" thiab "Siberian Chemical Plant". Hauv Tomsk, qhov chaw cog qoob loo kawg, thaj chaw nyob hauv ib lub vojvoog tsawg kawg yog 100 mais ncig lub nroog tau kis tus kabmob.

Tsis txhob hnov qab tias cov pa phem hluav taws xob tau kis mus deb ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Totsky, Novaya Zemlya thiab Semipalatinsk qhov chaw sim rau kev tawg nuclear. Nws ntes cov Tomsk, Kemerovo thiab Novosibirsk cheeb tsam. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv kev tawm tsamAltai Territory muaj kev txom nyem ntev, uas twb tau kis tus kab mob heptyl poob rau hauv nws thaj av los ntawm kev poob foob pob hluav taws los ntawm Baikonur, kuj tau dhau los ua ib feem. Thaum lub sijhawm xyoo 1953 txog 1961, ntau qhov kev tawg tau tshwm sim ntawm qhov chaw sim no, qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tseem ceeb.

Tab sis tsis yog tag nrho. Nws tsis yog kev cai los tham txog qhov no, tab sis West Siberian Plain yog nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam ntawm cov hluav taws xob muaj zog heev, vim muaj ntau qhov kev tawg hauv av tau ua nyob rau hauv nws cov ciam teb, qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv tib lub Nefteyugansk. Hauv Omsk, qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm lub nroog tau kis kab mob hnyav heev, thaum nws cov cheeb tsam peripheral tseem nyob huv si.

dej qias neeg

Xyaum tag nrho thaj chaw ntawm West Siberian Plain yog qee qhov qias neeg nrog ammonium thiab hlau ntsev, phenols thiab nitrates. Hmoov tsis zoo, txawm tias qhov no tsis yog qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb tshaj plaws: tag nrho hydrographic network ntawm cheeb tsam muaj teeb meem loj hauv kev sib txuas nrog cov roj tsim hauv cheeb tsam. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm West Siberian Plain, qhov xwm txheej no kuj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau qhov kev hwm no.

Alas, tab sis nyob rau lwm qhov chaw, MPC (qhov siab tshaj qhov tso cai tau pom zoo) ntawm cov khoom siv roj hauv dej yog ntau tshaj tsib lossis 50 (!) Sijhawm. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb rau thaj tsam Novosibirsk, Tomsk thiab Omsk. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab tias tag nrho (!!!) sab qaum teb ntawm Western Siberia muaj kev mob siab ntev heev uas MPC cov cai tau dhau los ntawm 50-100 zaug tsis ua rau leej twg xav tsis thoob. Thiab tam sim no - qhov phem tshaj. Cov kws tshaj lij ntseeg tias txog40% ntawm tag nrho cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub cheeb tsam yog nyob rau hauv ib tug mus tas li ecological kev puas tsuaj, raws li cov qauv rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov roj cov khoom nyob rau hauv dej yog ntau tshaj 100 zaug los yog ntau tshaj.

hnub nyoog ntawm West Siberian Plain
hnub nyoog ntawm West Siberian Plain

Cov no yog teeb meem ib puag ncig ntawm West Siberian Plain. Cov ntsiab lus luv luv, peb tuaj yeem hais tias tsis yog txhua yam phem heev nyob txhua qhov chaw. Cov nuj nqis txaus ntshai no muaj ntau dua rau thaj chaw nyob ze cov nroog loj, uas muab "qhov nruab nrab kub hauv tsev kho mob". Txhua yam tuaj yeem ua tau zoo dua, tab sis kev tswj hwm ntawm ntau lub tuam txhab tsis txaus siab rau kev hloov kho cov nroj tsuag dej khib nyiab (lossis txawm tias txhim kho lawv). Tab sis dej yog ib qho ntawm cov cuab tam uas West Siberian Plain tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nplua nuj! Cov duab ntawm nws cov dej hiav txwv majestic yog nyob rau hauv kab lus, yog li koj tuaj yeem pom ntawm koj tus kheej.

Cov kws tshawb fawb-hydrologists hais tias qhov xwm txheej hem thawj tshaj plaws tau tsim nyob rau ntawm ntu Biysk-Novosibirsk, qhov twg Ob yog cov pa phem tshaj plaws. Tsuas yog hauv qab lub nroog Kolpashev, qib ntawm kev sib kis ntawm tus dej kuj tseem siab, tab sis ntawm qhov sib txuam, daim duab yuav zoo dua. Xyaum ntawm txhua tus dej me me ntawm thaj av ntawd qhov xwm txheej zoo ib yam nkaus. Txawm li cas los xij, nws zoo ib yam nyob txhua qhov chaw: qhov zoo thiab qhov muaj kuab paug ntawm cov dej hauv ib puag ncig tau txo qis hauv kev coj ntawm sab qaum teb mus rau sab qab teb (feem ntau cov zaub mov yog mined nyob rau sab qaum teb).

Nyob hav zoov

Oddly txaus, tab sis kev siv (raws li cov ntaub ntawv raug cai, tau kawg) ntawm cov peev txheej hav zoov ntawm Siberia yog qhov qis heev. Qhov nruab nrab ntim ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv cov clearings tsis tshaj 8%, thaum lub sij hawm nruab nrab rau lub teb chawsdaim duab no yog 18%, thiab qee zaum txawm ntau dua. Qhov tsis muaj kev npaj ua kom nyias nyias ua rau lub hav zoov pib muaj hnub nyoog thiab tuag.

Yog li, cov hav zoov overripe niaj hnub no suav nrog tsawg kawg 70% ntawm thaj av. Tag nrho cov no maj mam ua rau lub fact tias tiag tiag "kev sib kis ntawm hav zoov" tas li flare nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Western Siberia, tshwm sim los ntawm invasion ntawm woodworms thiab lwm yam kab tsuag. Tsis tas li ntawd, vim muaj kuab paug ntawm cov dej saum npoo av uas tau hais los saum toj no, muaj ntau zaus ntawm kev ziab ntawm tag nrho cov hav zoov.

Lwm qhov teeb meem yog qhov hluav taws kub uas cov roob Lavxias thiab sab hnub poob Siberian "nto moo" nyob rau xyoo tas los no. Kwv yees li 65% ntawm cov ntoo uas tsis tau npaj tseg cia li poob rau lawv. Tsis txhob hnov qab tias kwv yees li 25% ntawm taiga yog nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm cov roj ntau lawm, uas rov ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm thaj chaw loj ntes hluav taws. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias cov hluav taws kub ntau nyob ntawm lub koom haum ntawm cov tub ceev xwm hauv zos. Yog li, hauv cheeb tsam Kemerovo muaj ntau cov hav zoov uas raug cuam tshuam los ntawm cov kab tsuag, tab sis qhov kev poob ntawm hluav taws yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg (tsis pub ntau tshaj 0.2%). Qhov no yog li cas West Siberian Plain yog tus cwj pwm nyob rau hauv "tsob hav zoov" hwm. Cov duab ntawm taiga zoo nkauj tshaj plaws muaj nyob rau hauv peb tsab xov xwm.

Inherent sustainability ntawm biotopes

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm West Siberian Plain
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm West Siberian Plain

Tau kawg, lub xeev ecological ntawm biotopes ntawm Western Siberia, zoo li lwm qhov chaw, feem ntau nyob ntawm lawv tus kheej kev ruaj ntseg. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev los yog lwm yam cuam tshuam rau qib ntawm cov pa phem yog: swampiness,permafrost, hydrographic network ceev. Yog li, tundra thiab hav zoov-tundra yog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ruaj khov, tab sis thaj chaw suab puam muaj peev xwm tiv taus cov teeb meem ib puag ncig ntev. Nws tuaj yeem xaus lus tias cov qauv geological ntawm West Siberian Plain ua rau muaj qhov xwm txheej tsis zoo.

Qhov xwm txheej nyuaj tshaj plaws tam sim no tau pom hauv thaj av Kemerovo thiab Altai. Nyob rau hauv thawj rooj plaub, qhov no yog vim lub intensive zus tau tej cov roj thiab roj, thiab nyob rau hauv lub thib ob, mus rau lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm Baikonur, txij li thaum nws yog nyob rau Altai uas siv thawj theem ntawm lub launching tsheb poob. Ecologists ceeb toom tias cov cheeb tsam no yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig.

Raws li koj tau pom, cov teeb meem ib puag ncig ntawm West Siberian Plain muaj ntau haiv neeg thiab hnyav heev. Yog koj tsis nqis tes tam sim no ces ntau ntawm lawv yuav kho tsis tau lawm.

Pom zoo: