Mica muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntxhia hauv ntuj tsim ntawm lub ntiaj teb crust. Nws yog pob zeb ntawm volcanic keeb kwm, uas tau tsim thaum lub sij hawm txias ntawm molten lava. Nws tseem tsim nyog sau cia tias mica yog ib qho zoo heev insulator uas tsis ua hluav taws xob thiab cua sov.
Kev txhais lus ntawm lub tswvyim
Cov pab pawg no ntawm cov zaub mov muaj qhov sib cais zoo tag nrho hauv ib qho kev coj. Lawv muaj peev xwm muab faib ua nyias nyias daim hlau, thaum tuav elasticity, yooj thiab lub zog.
Yog li, peb tuaj yeem xaus tias mica yog cov ntxhia uas pom zoo li iav thiab muaj cov qauv ntawm cov txheej txheem txheej. Nws yog vim qhov tshwj xeeb no, nrog rau vim qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm ib tus neeg pob khoom ntawm cov khoom, uas qee yam tshuaj lom neeg tau tsim.
Thaum muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm cov ntxhia hauv nqe lus nug, nws muaj cov yam ntxwv xws li:
- lamellar;
- basal cleavage;
- muaj peev xwm faib ua cov khoom zoo tshaj plaws.
Ntau yam ntawm mica
Raws li cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, kev faib tawm hauv qab no tuaj yeem muab taucov ntxhia hauv nqe lus nug, uas yog:
- Magnesian-ferruginous mica - biotite, phlogopite thiab lepidomelane.
- Aluminium mica - paragonite thiab muscovite.
- Lithium mica - zinnwaldite, lepidolite thiab tainiolite.
Muaj lwm qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov ntxhia no, uas yog hais txog lub tswvyim ntawm "kev lag luam mica":
- scrap thiab me me mica (khoom qhov chaw los ntawm kev tsim cov ntawv mica);
- intumescent mica yog vermiculite tau los ntawm kev tua cov pob zeb no;
- dawb mica.
Scope ntawm lub pob zeb suav tias yog lub hauv paus chiv keeb volcanic
Mica yog cov ntxhia ntawm cov pob zeb metamorphic, sedimentary thiab intrusive pob zeb, thiab ua ke nws kuj yog cov ntxhia.
Phlogopite thiab muscovite yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo hluav taws xob uas tsis muaj nyob hauv thaj chaw xws li xov tooj cua, hluav taws xob thiab dav hlau. Kev lag luam iav, piv txwv li, tsis tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj lepidolite, uas yog siv los ua cov iav kho qhov muag.
Nws tseem tsim nyog sau cia tias qhov loj ntawm cov ntawv tau los ntawm gluing mica thiab micanite daim hlau yog siv los ua thawj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab thermal rwb thaiv tsev. Thiab los ntawm cov mica zoo thiab seem, av mica tau txais, uas yog siv feem ntau hauv cov cement, kev tsim kho, roj hmab kev lag luam, hauv kev tsim cov yas, xim, thiab lwm yam.
Nws kuj yog siv los ua ib qho muab tub lim rau hauv cov qauv kev ntxhov siab thiab cov khoom sib xyaw npaj rau siv hauvaggressive ib puag ncig thiab nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm high humidity. Micas raug muab faib ua feem, thiab nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov feem, cov khoom tshwj xeeb raug muab faib rau cov khoom siv. Tshwj xeeb, micromica tuaj yeem ua kom cov khoom muaj zog, tom qab ntawd nws yuav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau txhua qhov deformation, nrog rau kev hloov pauv.
Mica-muscovite muaj lub teeb grey thiab siv rau hauv kev tsim cov xim thiab cov kua roj vanish, cov ntaub ntawv hauv tsev, yas, nplaum, sealants, mastics, thiab lwm yam.
Tsis tas li ntawd, mica yog cov ntxhia nrog cov khoom zoo nkauj uas tau siv rau hauv cov chaw hauv qab no:
- kev tsim hluav taws xob cov ntxaij vab tshaus;
- creating stained-glass windows;
- jewellery.
pob zeb no yog dab tsi nyob rau hauv?
Granite yog ib lub pob zeb uas mica tau pom nyob rau hauv loj ntim. Nws yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau crystalline natural mineral aggregates. Lub pob zeb yog ib txwm siv hauv kev tsim kho.
Lo lus "granite" los ntawm Latin "granum", uas txhais tau tias "grain". Lub pob zeb no tau siv dav los ntawm cov kws tsim vaj tsev thiab cov neeg tsim qauv rau ntau pua xyoo vim qhov tseeb tias nws muaj cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb xws li cov khoom siv dag zog, kev ua haujlwm ntev thiab kev tiv thaiv te, uas yog qhov zoo sib xws nrog nws cov khoom zoo nkauj.
Cov tsos zoo nkauj ntawm granite kuj haum rau sab nrauv cladding ntawm cov khoom - kev tsim kho ntawm embankments los yogtsim monuments, thiab rau sab hauv (ntau yam hniav ntsiab).
Nws muaj quartz thiab feldspar, mica thiab lwm yam minerals. Lawv qhov sib piv cuam tshuam rau xim thiab lub zog ntawm lub pob zeb.
Nws zoo li cas?
Raws li qhov loj ntawm cov nplej, cov hauv qab no ntau yam ntawm granite tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv, xws li:
- pob zeb ntxhib (dhau 10 hli);
- nruab nrab grain granite (2-10mm);
- fine grain (tsawg dua 2 hli).
Cov xim palette ntawm granite yog sawv cev los ntawm yuav luag tag nrho cov ntxoov ntxoo. Cov xim ntau xim yog feldspar, mica xim granite dub, thiab quartz yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov pob zeb ci ntsa iab.
Nws virtues
Granite yog lub pob zeb uas nws cov mica muaj pes tsawg leeg ua rau nws ruaj khov piv rau cov pob zeb nrov. Cov khoom tsim los ntawm nws yeej tsis poob lawv cov khoom thiab tsis deform sab nraud thaum siv nyob rau hauv ib qho kev nyab xeeb nrog ib tug continental raws caij nyoog kub sib txawv ntawm ntau tshaj ib puas degrees. Yog li, granite tsis ntshai ntawm rau caum-degree frosts los yog kub tshaj 50 degrees, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab kev nyab xeeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub pob zeb no tsis tshua muaj kab mob fungal ntau dua li qub marble.
Granite, nyob rau hauv uas mica muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm muscovite thiab biotite, tsis yog tsuas yog ruaj, tab sis kuj yog ib tug fireproof pob zeb. Nws pib yaj ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj 700 degrees Celsius.
Tsi ua raws lixav txog qhov kev ntsuas uas txiav txim siab txog qib ntawm lub zog raws li kev nqus dej noo. Granite hla tag nrho nws cov neeg sib tw hauv nws.
Versions txog keeb kwm ntawm lub npe ntawm lub teeb mica
Thawj piv txwv ntawm cov ntxhia hauv nqe lus nug, uas tau tshwm sim hauv European kev vam meej, yog " haiv neeg" los ntawm Karelia. Mica, cov lus piav qhia uas tau nthuav tawm ua ntej, tau xa tawm mus rau sab hnub poob hauv cov ntim tseem ceeb thiab yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom xa tawm tseem ceeb ntawm peb lub tebchaws nyob rau xyoo 17th-18th. Cov pov thawj ntawm qhov no yog lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm lub npe ntawm lub teeb mica - muscovite - los ntawm lub qub lub npe ntawm lub capital ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab xeev (XV-XVIII centuries) - Muscovy. Yog li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem hais tias nws tuaj txog ntawm Western kev lag luam los ntawm Russia.
Raws li kev tshawb fawb version, lub ntsej muag ntawm lub npe no suav hais tias yog lub sijhawm thaum, raws li ob txoj haujlwm tsim los ntawm Swedish naturalist xws li Carl Linnaeus, German mineralogist Valerius tau muab lub npe rau kev lag luam mica. nyob rau hauv nqe lus hais txog qhov sib thooj, uas yog "Vitrum moscoviticum Wall". Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub kaw lus ntawm ob lub npe, tsuas yog lub hauv paus lo lus los ntawm lub sij hawm thov tau khaws cia.
History of industrial exploitation of mica
Thawj kis ntawm kev siv cov pob zeb no, feem ntau tsis yog lub qhov rais iav, tau pom nyob rau hauv Novgorod (X-XII centuries) thaum lub sij hawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov nplua nuj ntawm Karelia thiab lub Kola ceg av qab teb nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no. Tom qab ntawd Ivan lub txaus ntshai kov yeej Novgorod thiab Pskov, uas pab txhawb raukev paub ntawm Moscow kav nrog mica.
Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua puas xyoo, kev lag luam mica twb tau tsim dav heev hauv Karelia. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv raug cai, thaum pib ntawm 1608 tau muaj tsab cai lij choj ntawm tsoomfwv Moscow hais txog kev sau se los ntawm cov pob zeb mined hauv tus nqi ntawm ib feem kaum ntawm tag nrho.
Kev txhim kho thiab kev tshawb nrhiav ntawm Siberia tau coj nyob rau xyoo pua 17th mus rau kev tshawb pom tshiab ntawm mica deposits. Nws lub xub ntiag tau pom los ntawm Vladimir Atlasov hauv 1683 ntawm Aldan. Cov deposits tom qab ntawd tsis nco qab lawm, thiab tsuas yog ob puas thiab tsib caug xyoo tom qab ntawd (nyob rau hauv lub uantej ntawm lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog) lawv rediscovered. Lub sijhawm ntawd, kev siv cov mica pib feem ntau yog rau cov kev xav tau ntawm lub tebchaws tiv thaiv.
Disadvantages of breed
Raws li tau hais ua ntej, mica yog cov ntxhia uas tuaj yeem muab lub zog tseem ceeb rau cov khoom siv. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias nws cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev siv ntau yam thiab kev ua tau zoo, lub pob zeb no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm porosity thiab fragility. Tias yog vim li cas mica yog siv tshwj xeeb hauv kev sib xyaw nrog lwm cov khoom siv uas muaj peev xwm muab cov khoom siv nrog kev ruaj khov thiab lub zog txhua yam. Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov pob zeb no hauv pob zeb txo lawv txoj kev ua haujlwm thiab lub zog, ua rau kev sib tsoo thiab polishing nyuaj.
Kev sib raug zoo ntawm quartz, granite, mica yog dab tsi?
Yuav kom nkag siab qhov teeb meem no dua, nws tsim nyog muab cov lus piav qhia luv luv ntawm txhua nqe lus no.
Mica ua cov ntxhia, muaj cov nplooj nyias, daim hlau. Cov khoom sib xyaw no tawg yooj yim. Lawv yog pob tshab-dub tint nrogib lub ntsej muag. Mica yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm granite thiab ob peb lwm pob zeb. Nws txoj kev loj hlob yog nqa tawm los ntawm txoj kev qhib lossis hauv av. Hauv qhov no, kev ua haujlwm drilling thiab blasting yog siv. Mica crystals raug xaiv los ntawm cov pob zeb loj heev ntawm tes. Tsis tas li ntawd, txoj hauv kev rau nws cov kev lag luam synthesis twb tau tsim.
Quartz yog cov ntxhia uas tsis yog tsuas yog ib feem ntawm granite, tab sis feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv cais. Nws cov muaju tuaj yeem muaj qhov loj ntawm ob peb millimeters mus rau ob peb meters. Lub pob tshab embodiment ntawm cov pob zeb no yog hu ua pob zeb siv lead ua, thiab cov dawb hu ua milky quartz. Qhov nto moo tshaj plaws yog pob tshab ntshav quartz - amethyst. Muaj paj yeeb thiab xiav, thiab ntau ntau yam ntawm cov pob zeb no, uas yog siv los ua cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub.
Granite yog pob zeb uas tsim los ntawm cov nplej ntawm ntau cov zaub mov xws li mica, feldspar thiab quartz. Nws tuaj hauv liab, grey, liab. Nws tuaj yeem pom muaj nyob hauv nroog, vim nws siv los ua kab phab ntsa ntawm qee lub tsev, ua cov pedestals rau monuments thiab nteg tawm dej embankments.
