Kalamita Fortress hauv Inkerman, Crimea: piav qhia, keeb kwm, nthuav tseeb thiab tshuaj xyuas

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 08:06

Muaj pes tsawg qhov chaw keeb kwm nyob hauv ntiaj teb? Ib txhia ntawm lawv tau tiv thaiv tag nrho lub ntiaj teb no thiab sim nrog tag nrho lawv lub zog los khaws lawv cov tsos, thaum lwm tus raug rhuav tshem, thiab tsuas yog cov ruins ntawm lawv. Cov no suav nrog Kalamita fortress hauv Crimea, uas nyob ze ntawm lub zos Inkerman.

Kev piav qhia

Lub fortress, ua nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua VI raws li kev tiv thaiv tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab, muaj rau lub yees, uas yog interconnected los ntawm curtains, i.e. qee cov qauv uas txuas nrog ob lub bastions. Lawv tau tsim los ntawm pob zeb tawg thiab limestone mortar, lub thickness ntawm phab ntsa yog los ntawm ib meter mus rau plaub, thiab qhov siab yog kaum ob meters. Kalamita fortress loj heev, nws cheeb tsam yog 1500 m2 2, thiab nws ntev yog 234 meters.

Qhov chaw ntawm lub fortress tsis tau xaiv los ntawm lub caij nyoog: ntawm ib sab muaj ib tug pob tsuas, qhov twg lub bay mus tob rau hauv lub av, ncav cuag ib tug dav ntawm ib tug kilometer, thiab nyob rau lwm sab muaj lub fortress. nws tus kheej. Nyob rau hnub ntawd, txhua qhov kev txav uas tshwm sim ze ntawm lub fortress tau pom.

PobKalamita hauv Sevastopol: keeb kwm

Keeb kwm ntawm lub qhov tsua lub nroog ntawm Crimea tsis paub tseeb. Qhov no kuj siv tau rau Kalamita fortress, uas tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua VI, raws li ib co kev tshawb fawb. Nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv kab kos tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub XIV-XV centuries. Yav tas los, lub fortress muaj xws li Gazarii los yog Kalamira.

Feem ntau, lub fortress tau tsim los ntawm Byzantines, tab sis nws yog dab tsi, yuav nyob twj ywm tsis paub. Tab sis txij li thaum lub xyoo pua XV, keeb kwm tsis yog li vague. Lub sijhawm ntawd, muaj tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws ntawm Theodoro, uas tau tawm tsam nrog Genoese colonies.

Yuav kom nkag mus rau hauv hiav txwv, Theodorites yuav tsum tsim lawv tus kheej chaw nres nkoj Avlita ze ntawm tus Dej Dub thiab tsim ib lub fortress ntawm Monastery pob zeb rau kev tiv thaiv.

Xyoo 1475, cov Turks tau los ua hwj chim hauv Crimea, ntes lub fortress thiab. Nws yog lawv leej twg renamed nws Inkerman. Cov Turks twb muaj riam phom, thiab lawv yuav tsum rov ua lub fortress rau cov riam phom no. Lawv ua kom cov phab ntsa tuab, txhim kho thiab txhim kho cov yees, thiab ua ib tug pej thuam cais, uas lawv nqa tawm ntawm lub nkuaj.

Lub sijhawm dhau mus, Kalamita fortress hauv Inkerman pib poob nws qhov tseem ceeb tiv thaiv. Nws tau tawg dhau lub sijhawm, tab sis raug kev txom nyem tshaj plaws thaum sib ntaus sib tua rau Sevastopol.

Kalamit tam sim no

Hnub no koj tuaj yeem pom cov tuam tsev uas raug puas tsuaj, qhov seem ntawm phab ntsa, tus ntoo khaub lig, uas sawv ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj qub, thiab hauv qab lub fortress - lub qhov tsua monastery. Lub npe Kalamita txhais li cas tseem tsis paub meej. Ib txhia ntseeg tias, txhais los ntawm cov lus Greek niaj hnub no, qhov no yog"beautiful cape", lwm tus txhais los ntawm Greek thaum ub ua "reed", vim hais tias cheeb tsam yog npog nrog reeds thiab cov nroj tsuag zoo sib xws, tab sis muaj ntau ntau txhais lus ntawm lo lus no.

Thawj qhov uas koj ntsib ntawm txoj kev yog lub rooj vag pej thuam, ntxiv ntawm nws mus, 12 meters deb, muaj ntauwd 2, txij li qhov khawb av nrog lub qhov tsua pib. Lub tsev thib peb yog kaum ib. Nws raug rhuav tshem ntau heev, yog li nws cov qauv tsim tsis nkag siab, txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm nws qhov ntev nws muaj qhov loj me hauv qab no: 1213 m.

Qhov zoo tshaj plaws khaws cia ntauwd naj npawb 4, uas tau muab tshem tawm ntawm lub moat thiab qhov tseeb yog Kalamita fortress cais, raws li nws tau txais kev pabcuam barbican (piv txwv li kev tiv thaiv ntxiv). Xyoo 18th muaj ib lub tsev loj cuj nyob ntawm no.

Ntxiv rau cov yees, koj tseem tuaj yeem pom cov seem ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj Christian ua los ntawm Theodorites thaum lawv muaj thaj chaw, thiab tom qab ntawd nws raug rhuav tshem, tab sis tsis muaj leej twg paub. Koj tseem tuaj yeem pom ib lub toj ntxas me me uas rov qab mus rau 19th-20th centuries, qhov twg obelisk teej tug mus rau ib tug faus davhlau engineers thiab ib tug pob zeb ua pob zeb ntawm ib tug hero ntawm lub Patriotic ua tsov ua rog tau khaws cia.

Cave monastery

Muaj ntau lub qhov tsua nyob rau hauv Monastyrskaya pob zeb, thiab nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm lawv, nyob rau hauv lub 7th-9th centuries, lub Inkerman St. Clement Monastery tau tsim nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm cov neeg dawb huv uas tuag nyob rau hauv Chersonese.

Lub tsev teev ntuj muaj peb lub tsev teev ntuj thiab muaj nyob mus txog rau xyoo 1485, txog thaum cov Turks los muaj hwj chim thiab yuam cov txiv plig tawm ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj.

Tom qab ob peb centuries, xyoo 1852xyoo, nws tau rov qhib dua ntawm qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm Archbishop Innokenty, tab sis nws tsis kav ntev, txij li thaum Tsov Rog Crimean pib. Txawm li cas los xij, xyoo 1867 lub tsev teev ntuj tau rov ua dua tshiab, cov tsev teev ntuj tau rov qab los thiab lub Koom Txoos Trinity tau tsim. Tsis ntev tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm Emperor Alexander III, lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm St. Panteleimon tau tsim, thiab nyob rau hauv 1907, lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm St. Nicholas, uas tau puas thaum lub sij hawm tsov rog.

Thaum USSR poob lawm, lub tsev teev ntuj tau rov qab los rau cov neeg teev ntuj thiab kev kho thoob ntiaj teb pib, thiab lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm St. Panteleimon tau rov ua dua.

Yuav ua li cas mus rau Kalamita Fortress

Nyob hauv Crimea, nyob ib puag ncig ntawm Sevastopol, muaj ib lub zos me me ntawm Inkerman, uas tuaj yeem mus txog ntawm tsheb, tsheb ciav hlau, tsheb npav thiab nkoj. Qhov kev zoo siab tshaj plaws yuav coj lub nkoj mus ncig ntawm Sevastopol Bay.

Yog tias koj mus los ntawm tsheb npav, ces txoj kev yuav tsum pib ntawm Sevastopol, mus rau qhov nres "Vtormet" thiab, tsom mus rau qhov chaw nres tsheb roj, pib koj nce mus rau lub tuam tsev complexes.

Nws yog ib qho yooj yim mus rau koj qhov chaw los ntawm tsheb raws txoj kev E 105 lossis M 18 txoj kev loj. uas koj yuav tsum tau mus rau hauv lub qhov, los ntawm lub ancient tojntxas, uas rests tiv thaiv lub rooj vag pej thuam.

Ntiaj teb qhov tseeb

Kalamita Fortress yog ib feem ntawm Chersonesos Reserve. Thaum ib qho ntawm cov yees tau rov qab los hauv xyoo 1968, cov duab kos tau pom ntawm limestone blocks,qhov twg cov nkoj tau piav qhia nrog cov duab kos kom ntxaws heev. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau txiav txim siab tias cov duab kos no suav nrog XIV-XV centuries.

Thaum twg lub fortress raug tsim, tsis muaj leej twg paub. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias kev tsim kho tau pib thaum xyoo pua 6th. Lub fortress tau tsim los tiv thaiv kev lag luam los ntawm kev tawm tsam.

Nyob rau xyoo pua 15th, lub fortress tau rov ua dua los tiv thaiv qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm Avlita. Tsis ntev tom qab ntawd, thaj chaw tau kov yeej los ntawm cov Turks, lawv tau tsim cov fortress tshiab thiab rov tsim cov qub qub, uas tshwm sim nrog Kalamita. Nws yog cov Turks uas tau hloov nws rau rab phom thiab muab nws lub npe tshiab Inkerman, uas txhais tau tias "qhov tsua fortress."

Reviews

Kalamita Fortress, raws li cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi, yog qhov chaw nthuav dav uas muaj keeb kwm nplua nuj. Me me yog sab laug ntawm nws, tab sis qhov chaw no yeej tsim nyog mus xyuas. Nws nyob ntawm no koj tuaj yeem kov keeb kwm thiab qhuas cov kev pom zoo nkauj uas qhib los ntawm Monastery pob zeb.

Lub qhov tsua monastery tseem qhib hnub no, thiab koj tuaj yeem mus saib tau. Tau kawg, tsis muaj leej twg raug tso cai rau hauv lub hlwb, tab sis nws raug tso cai pom lub tuam tsev thiab lub tuam tsev sab nraud, tib lub sijhawm koj tuaj yeem yuav tshuaj ntsuab tshuaj ntsuab ntawm no.

Koj tuaj yeem mus saib keeb kwm monument ntawm koj tus kheej lossis taug kev mus rau Kalamita fortress los kawm txog nws keeb kwm kom ntxaws ntxiv. Txhua tus uas tau mus xyuas qhov chaw no zoo siab heev. Txhua leej txhua tus yuav tsum tau mus xyuas lub fortress yog hais tias koj tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Sevastopol. Kev ncig xyuas kuj tseem tuaj yeem muaj nyob ib puag ncig lub tsev teev ntuj, nws tus nqi tsis ntau tshaj 100 rubles. rau ib tus neeg.