Txij thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1925, ntawm kev coj ntawm Revolutionary Military Council ntawm USSR, cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Pawg Neeg Ua Haujlwm ntawm Artillery Directorate ntawm Red Army pib ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim cov phom tshuab 12-20 hli. Rau qhov mloog ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Haujlwm K. E. Voroshilov tau nthuav tawm nrog ntau yam kev xaiv rau phom phom. Ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb hauv keeb kwm ntawm caj npab me yog muab rau cov khoom ntawm tus tsim qauv V. A. Degtyarev, uas tau teev nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv kev kawm raws li DK tshuab rab phom. Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev tsim riam phom no, nws cov cuab yeej thiab cov yam ntxwv tau nthuav tawm hauv kab lus no.
Introduction
DK (Degtyarev loj-caliber) rab phom tshuab yog ib lub phom phom uas siv 12.7 x 108 mm mos txwv. Nws tau ua haujlwm nrog Red Army txij li xyoo 1932. Kho kom haum rau kev siv ntawm cov nkoj tub rog thiab cov tsheb tub rog BA-9.
About the history of creation
Txhawm rau txo cov riam phom loj, cov neeg tsim qauv tau hais kom siv German Dreyse lub teeb tshuab rab phom, rau cov ntawv xov xwm cov mos txwv tau muab, ua lub hauv paus. Tsim khoSoviet rifle unit raws li 12.7 mm Vickers cartridge.
Txoj haujlwm tsim tau ua nyob rau hauv ob qho kev qhia. Hauv Tula, nyob rau hauv kev taw qhia ntawm riam phom tsim I. A. Pastukhov tsim lub tshuab rab phom linear P-5. Qhov kev sim ntawm tus qauv no tau tshwm sim hauv xyoo 1928. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov riam phom tsis txaus siab rau Cov Neeg Commissar thiab cov neeg tsim qauv tau muab lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev nce lub tshuab phom tus nqi hluav taws.
Ib rab phom tshuab ntawm Degtyarev system tau tsim ntawm Kovrov cog No. 2 hauv qhov chaw tsim khoom. Cov qauv no yog npaj rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm av-based mobile armored lub hom phiaj. Nyob rau hauv 1929 thawj daim ntawv npaj tau npaj. Rigid clips tau npaj rau cov mos txwv, xws li hauv Hotchkiss tshuab rab phom. Lub tshuab kaw lus xyaum tsis txawv ntawm Degtyarev tshuab rab phom (DP), uas tau saws nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd.
1929 yog lub xyoo ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub tshuab luam ntawv tshiab, muaj zog dua nrog cov cuab yeej cuab yeej cuab tam. Nws tau tsim tshwj xeeb rau cov caj npab me nrog cov ntawv xov xwm mos txwv. Niaj hnub no cov mos txwv yog hu ua 12.7 x 108 mm.
Hauv xyoo 1930, ob rab phom tshuab sim tsim raws li lub tswv yim Degtyarev twb tau npaj lawm. Rau lawv, mos txwv tau muab los ntawm lub khw muag khoom disk - tsim los ntawm A. S. Kladova. Lub peev xwm yog 30 rounds. Vim lub fact tias lub 12.7 x 108 mm cartridge tseem tsis tau pom zoo los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd, nws tau npaj tias DK tshuab rab phom yuav tua British 12.7 x 81SR los yog Fabkis 13.2 x 99 mm.
Hais txog kev sim riam phom loj-caliber
Xyoo 1931, tau sim riam phom loj lojDreyse system thiab hloov kho DK-32 tshuab rab phom nrog GS Shpagin txais. Cov mos txwv nyob rau hauv cov qauv no ntawm Degtyarev tus tsim tau nqa tawm los ntawm ib daim kab xev. Xyoo 1932 yog xyoo uas nom tswv tau siv rab phom DK-32 los ntawm Tub Rog Liab.
About production
Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, kev tsim cov phom loj loj Degtyarev tsis tau tsim. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, lub Soviet tiv thaiv kev lag luam tsim ib pawg ntawm 12 phom phom. Lawv tau siv los sim ntau yam cuab yeej siv tshuab thiab cov phiaj xwm mos txwv.
Los ntawm 1934, ntau DKs tau tsim, yoog rau kev tua nrog ib daim cartridge welt. Cov mos txwv no tau siv nyob rau hauv lub tshuab tshiab ShVAK lub tshuab rab phom, uas tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nrog cov ntawv cog lus ntau dua Degtyarev wafer cartridges.
Device
DK tshuab rab phom muaj qhov hluav taws kub zoo. Kev kub ceev ua rau nws tuaj yeem siv cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb tsis nyob hauv lub pob tw ntawm cov phom no. Lawv txoj haujlwm yog los tiv thaiv lub thav duab los ntawm bouncing mus rau qhov chaw siab tshaj plaws tom qab kev cuam tshuam. Vim muaj lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav tsis nyob hauv tus qauv tsim, lub neej ua haujlwm ntawm riam phom spare xeem tau txuas ntxiv. Txhawm rau kom txo qis rov qab thiab txhim kho qhov tseeb, lub twj tso kua mis muaj zog tau muab tso rau ntawm lub tshuab rab phom phom, thiab lub tshuab nqus tsev rov qab tau muab tso rau ntawm rab phom tshuab.
Tshwj xeeb rau chav tsev phom loj loj no, tus tsim qauv I. N. Kolesnikov tsim lub log-tripod tshuab, uas DK txaustuaj yeem tsoo ob lub hom phiaj hauv av thiab huab cua.
Cov mos txwv qhov system tseem muaj teeb meem. Txawm li cas los xij, tus tsim qauv Georgy Shpagin sai sai tau thov ib daim kab xev rau lub nruas-hom mechanism. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov cartridges tau pub siv hlau ib daim kab xev. Txhua ntu tau nruab nrog 50 ammo.
Hais txog cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm
- DK-32 lub tshuab rab phom ua haujlwm los ntawm kev tshem cov hmoov av.
- Qhov ntev ntawm riam phom yog 156 cm, lub thoob yog 110 cm.
- Kev tua yog nqa tawm nrog lub cartridge ntawm 12.7 x 108 mm.
- Txog 450 qhov projectiles tuaj yeem raug rho tawm ntawm DC hauv ib feeb.
- Nruas-hom mos txwv khoom. Clip muaj peev xwm yog 30 rounds.
- Qhov kev ua tau zoo rau lub hom phiaj hauv av tsis tshaj 3500 m, rau lub hom phiaj huab cua - 2400 m.
- Lub projectile txav mus rau lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov ceev ntawm 860 m / s.
Nyob hauv kaw
Cov phom loj-caliber tsim los ntawm Degtyarev tau siv hauv kev ua tsov rog Soviet-Finnish thiab hauv Great Patriotic War. Tsis tas li ntawd, riam phom no tau siv thaum lub sij hawm Spanish Civil War thiab hauv Polish phiaj los nqis tes ntawm Red Army.
Thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1930, DK-32 tau hloov kho dua tshiab. Kev tsim kho tshiab muaj nyob rau hauv kev siv cov kab xev nplaum uas txuas nrog - kev txhim kho ntawm Soviet engineer I. Leshchinsky. Ua tsaug rau lub universal wheeled tripod tshuab-carriage, maneuverability ntawm no hnyav tshuab rab phom tau ho nce.
