Ntawm cov lus dab neeg phom, Eugene Stoner sawv ua ib tus kws tsim phom zoo tshaj plaws hauv Asmeskas ntawm lub sijhawm tom qab tsov rog. Thaum nws lub neej ntev, nws tau tsim ntau yam zoo ntawm cov phom tshuab thiab carbines ntawm ntau chav kawm, tab sis lub npe nrov tshaj plaws yog Armalite AR-15 phom phom, paub ntau dua rau cov pej xeem nyob rau hauv M-16 Performance index. Ntawm cov tub rog, nws txoj cai yog piv rau Mikhail Kalashnikov.
Biography
Eugene Stoner yog Neeg Qhab Asmeskas. Nws yug los Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 22, 1922 hauv thaj chaw ua liaj ua teb, lub nroog Gosport (Indiana), uas nws cov pej xeem tseem tsis tshaj 1000 tus neeg. Nws yuav yog ib tug neeg ua liaj ua teb uas muaj kev hwm, tab sis tus tub ntawm tsev kawm ntawv raug rub mus rau kws kho tsheb.
thawj qhov chaw ua haujlwm yog lub tuam txhab Vega Aircraft, uas yog "tus ntxhais" ntawm lub tuam txhab tsim dav hlau Lockheed Aircraft Company. Stoner Eugene tau koom nrog hauv kev teeb tsa riam phom ntawm lub dav hlau. Thaum Tebchaws Meskas nkag mus rau Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II, ib tug tub hluasraug xa mus rau Aviation Ordnance Unit ntawm Marine Corps. Nws tau ua haujlwm nyob rau sab qab teb Pacific, thiab thaum kawg ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog - nyob rau sab qaum teb Tuam Tshoj, qhov chaw ntau lub hauv paus hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas nyob.
Thaum xyoo 1945, Eugene Stoner tau raug caw mus ua haujlwm hauv lub khw muag khoom ntawm Whittaker, lub chaw tsim khoom dav hlau, qhov chaw nws ua haujlwm ua tus tsim qauv. Xyoo 1954, tus tub hluas tau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm lub tuam txhab riam phom me ArmaLite. Nws cov dej num suav nrog kev txhim kho cov hom riam phom thiab muag cov ntawv tso cai rau cov tuam txhab loj.
AR-5 phom
Nyob rau xyoo 1950, US Air Force tsim XB-70 lub tswv yim rau lub cav foob pob. Rau cov neeg caij dav hlau, nws yuav tsum tau tsim kom muaj lub teeb, sib zog ua riam phom thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog tus qauv AR-5, nthuav tawm los ntawm American designer Eugene Stoner. Cov phom phom uas txhim khu kev qha bolt-action tau ua los ntawm cov yas sib sib zog nqus thiab aluminium alloys thiab haum ywj siab hauv cov dav hlau cockpits.
Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub foob pob tau tsim, lub foob pob hluav taws saum npoo av tau sim hauv USSR thiab XB-70 tau dhau los ua qhov tsis zoo rau tus yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv huab cua. Txoj haujlwm raug kaw, thiab yog li ntawd, qhov kev txiav txim rau kev tsim cov phom tsis tau txais.
Tsim AR-10
Eugene Stoner tsis xav kom poob siab. Los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, nws tau tsim tag nrho cov qauv ntawm cov caj npab me me thiab tsim nws tus kheej tsim qauv. Nws cov kev daws teeb meem tau zoo nkauj thiab muaj txiaj ntsig,uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau qhov yooj yim thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm riam phom.
Nyob rau xyoo 1950, cov lus txib tshaj tawm kev sib tw los tsim cov caj npab me me rau Asmeskas Tub Rog los hloov M1 Garand uas tsis siv lawm. Ib qho xwm txheej tseem ceeb yog qhov sib xws ntawm cov cartridges ntawm caliber 7, 62 × 51 mm NATO nrog tus qauv tshiab.
Hauv xyoo 1956, ArmaLite nthuav qhia lawv txoj kev loj hlob - AR-10. Nws siv cov kev daws teeb meem tshiab. Ua tsaug rau kev siv cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw thiab forged alloy alloy qhov chaw hauv kev tsim, rab phom loj tig tawm los ua lub teeb ceeb thiab tib lub sijhawm ruaj khov thaum tua vim nws cov duab ergonomic. Cov neeg sim ntawm tus qauv tau lees tias AR-10 yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws tsis siv neeg riam phom puas tau sim los ntawm Armory.
Kev ua tsis tau tiav
Txawm li cas los xij, lub tswv yim ntawm Eugene Stoner, nrog rau tag nrho cov kev txaus siab thiab lub hom phiaj zoo, poob hauv kev sib tw rau M-14 phom. Muaj ob peb lub laj thawj. Ua ntej, ArmaLite tau koom nrog kev sib ntaus ntawm theem kawg thiab tsuas yog tsis muaj sijhawm txaus los tshem tawm cov teeb meem me me. Qhov thib ob, tus thawj coj ntawm lub tuam txhab xa cov khoom tsis raug rau kev sim, vim tias ib qho ntawm cov khoom tawg. Qhov teeb meem tau kho sai, tab sis qhov tsis kaj siab tom qab tseem nyob. Los ntawm txoj kev, tus naas ej Belgian FN FAL phom kuj tau tawm ntawm qhov kev sib tw, uas tom qab ntawd tau nrov dua (tshaj li M-14) hauv European NATO lub teb chaws. Qhov no yuav qhia tau qee qhov kev tsis ncaj ncees ntawm kev ua tub rog.
Tab sis txawm li cas los xij, cov kws tshaj lij tau lees paub qhov kev cia siab ntawm Eugene Stoner lub tswv yim thiab qhia kom txhim kho cov kev taw qhia no ntxiv. Tom qab ntawd, lub tuam txhab Dutch Artillerie Inrichtingen tau yuav daim ntawv tso cai rau AR-10 thiab tsim riam phom txog xyoo 1960. Tag nrho tsuas yog qis dua 10,000 daim ntawv luam tawm.
Progenitor M-16
Raws li qhov kev thov ntawm Asmeskas tub rog, ArmaLite hloov AR-10 rau qhov me me caliber 5.56x45mm. Lub teeb yuag semi-automatic rab phom twb dhau los ua ntau dua thiab yooj yim dua. Nws dav siv aluminium alloys thiab cov khoom siv hluavtaws. Ua tsaug rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsis zoo thiab lub caliber me me ntawm cov cartridges, nws muaj peev xwm ua tiav qhov tseeb thaum tua hluav taws tawg, thiab lub thoob ntev nrog cov phom loj ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom qhov tseeb ntawm qhov ntev.
Cov khoom tau muab qhov ntsuas AR-15. Tom qab ntawd, Colt tau txais txoj cai tsim khoom thiab, tom qab kev txhim kho raws li Stoner tsim, tso tawm M-16 qauv, uas tau los ua lub ntsiab rau US Army thiab cov phooj ywg.
Legends, secrets, tus kheej lub neej
Eugene Stoner tawm ArmaLite hauv 1961 los ua tus kws pab tswv yim ntawm Colt kom kho M-16 zoo. Tom qab qhia txog rab phom tua phom rau hauv koob, nws lees txais kev caw los ntawm lub tuam txhab tiv thaiv Cadillac Gage, qhov chaw nws ua haujlwm rau ib txoj haujlwm zais cia ntawm universal tsis siv neeg caj npab me me. Qhov tshwm sim Stoner 63 system tso cai rau kev tsim riam phom modular uas tuaj yeem hloov kho sai sai nyob ntawm cov haujlwm.
Tus tsim yog tsim nyob ib ncig ntawm ib qho chaw txais thiab qee qhovinterchangeable Cheebtsam. Cov riam phom tuaj yeem hloov mus rau hauv phom, carbine lossis ntau yam phom tshuab los ntawm kev khaws cov khoom tsim nyog.
Ntawm cov kev txhim kho tom qab ntawm tus tswv sawv tawm ntawm rab phom tsis siv neeg Bushmaster TRW 6425 caliber 25 mm, uas tom qab tso tawm los ntawm Oerlikon. Nyob rau xyoo 1990, tus tsim qauv tau koom nrog kev tsim SR-25 sniper phom loj.
Ntawm lwm cov haujlwm peb sau tseg:
- ARES FMG folding tshuab rab phom.
- Advanced Individual Riam phom System.
- AKA Stoner-86 lub teeb tshuab rab phom.
- Yav Tom Ntej Assault Rifle Concept (FARC).
- phom phom MK-12.
- AR-16 thiab AR-18 phom, uas ua haujlwm ua qauv rau ntau tus qauv: British SA-80, Singaporean SAR-80 thiab SR-88, Belgian FN F2000, G36 thiab lwm yam.
Hauv xyoo 1990, qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb tau tshwm sim, uas tom qab ntawd tau txais ntau cov lus xaiv. Nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm secrecy nyob rau hauv lub shooting club ntawm lub nroog ntawm Star Tennery (Tebchaws USA), ob tug loj tshaj gunsmiths ntawm lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th tau ntsib: Stoner thiab Kalashnikov. Tom qab ntawd lub USSR tseem muaj nyob thiab kev sib tham nrog "tus yeeb ncuab cog lus" tsis haum rau lub tswv yim kev xav. Lawv hais tias lawv ua phooj ywg.
Eugene Stoner tau sib yuav. Nws muaj plaub tug me nyuam thiab 7 tus xeeb ntxwv. Tus tswv ntawm ib puas patents tau txais ib duas las rau txhua rab phom uas ua raws li nws txoj kev loj hlob thiab tom qab ntawd los ua ib tug neeg nplua nuj (ntau tshaj 10 lab units tau tsim ib leeg M-16). Twb tau nyob rau hauv cov nyiaj laus, nws tau txais nws tus npau suav - ib tug privatereactive dav hlau. Tus kws tsim qauv nto moo tuag rau lub Plaub Hlis 24, 1997 thaum muaj hnub nyoog 74 xyoo hauv Florida.
