Autotrophs thiab heterotrophs: yam ntxwv, zoo sib xws thiab sib txawv

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 08:00

Muaj ntau yam muaj sia nyob hauv ntiaj teb. Rau qhov yooj yim ntawm lawv txoj kev kawm, cov kws tshawb fawb tau faib tag nrho cov kab mob raws li ntau yam ntxwv. Raws li hom khoom noj khoom haus, txhua yam muaj sia tau muab faib ua ob pawg loj - autotrophs thiab heterotrophs. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib pawg ntawm mixotrophs sawv tawm - cov no yog cov kab mob hloov mus rau ob hom khoom noj khoom haus. Hauv kab lus no, peb yuav txheeb xyuas cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub neej ntawm ob pawg tseem ceeb thiab nrhiav seb autotrophs txawv li cas ntawm heterotrophs.

Autotrophs yog cov kab mob uas ua rau nws tus kheej tsim cov tshuaj organic los ntawm cov khoom tsis zoo. Hauv pab pawg no yog qee hom kab mob thiab yuav luag tag nrho cov kab mob uas koom nrog lub nceeg vaj cog. Nyob rau hauv lawv lub neej, autotrophs siv ntau yam inorganic tshuaj los ntawm sab nraud (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, hlau, thiab lwm yam), siv lawv nyob rau hauv lub synthesis ntawm complex organic tebchaw (feem ntau yog carbohydrates thiab proteins).

Heterotrophic kab mob pub rau cov khoom npaj ua organic, lawv tsis tuaj yeem ua kentawm tus kheej. Cov pab pawg no suav nrog cov fungi, tsiaj txhu (xws li tib neeg), qee cov kab mob, thiab txawm tias qee cov nroj tsuag (qee hom kab mob parasitic).

Yuav ua li cas autotrophs txawv ntawm heterotrophs

Raws li peb tuaj yeem pom, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm heterotrophs thiab autotrophs yog cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov as-ham uas lawv xav tau. Lub ntsiab ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm lawv cov khoom noj khoom haus kuj txawv. Cov kab mob autotrophic siv zog thaum hloov cov tshuaj inorganic rau hauv cov organic, heterotrophs tsis siv zog thaum noj. Autotrophs thiab heterotrophs tau muab faib ua ob pawg ntxiv nyob ntawm lub zog siv (hauv thawj rooj plaub) thiab ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus siv los ntawm cov kab mob ntawm hom thib ob.

Ntawm cov autotrophs, photoautotrophic thiab chemoautotrophic kab mob yog qhov txawv. Photoautotrophs siv lub zog ntawm lub hnub ci los ua kom muaj kev hloov pauv. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias nyob rau hauv cov kab mob ntawm cov pab pawg neeg no, ib tug tshwj xeeb txheej txheem tshwm sim - photosynthesis (los yog ib tug txheej txheem ntawm ib yam zoo sib xws). Cov pa roj carbon dioxide yuav tig mus rau ntau yam organic tebchaw. Chemoautotrophs siv lub zog tau los ntawm lwm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Ntau yam kab mob muaj nyob hauv pawg no.

Heterotrophic microorganisms muab faib ua metatrophs thiab paratrophs. Metatrophs siv cov kab mob tuag los ua cov substrate rau cov organic tebchaw, thaum paratrophs siv cov kab mob nyob.

Qhov sib txawv ntawm heterotrophs thiab autotrophs

Autotrophs thiab heterotrophs tuav qee txoj haujlwm hauv cov khoom noj. Autotrophs yeej ib txwm tsim - lawv tsimorganic tshuaj uas tom qab dhau los ntawm tag nrho cov saw hlau. Heterotrophs dhau los ua cov neeg siv khoom ntawm ntau qhov kev txiav txim (raws li txoj cai, tsiaj nyob hauv pawg no) thiab decomposers (fungi, microorganisms). Hauv lwm lo lus, autotrophs thiab heterotrophs tsim kev sib raug zoo nrog ib leeg. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau qhov xwm txheej hauv ntiaj teb no, vim nws yog vim muaj kev sib txuas ntawm trophic uas lub voj voog ntawm ntau yam khoom nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tau ua tiav.