Pale grebe nceb: nws zoo li cas thiab nws loj hlob nyob qhov twg? Pale grebe thiab champignon: zoo sib xws thiab sib txawv

Cov txheej txheem:

Pale grebe nceb: nws zoo li cas thiab nws loj hlob nyob qhov twg? Pale grebe thiab champignon: zoo sib xws thiab sib txawv
Pale grebe nceb: nws zoo li cas thiab nws loj hlob nyob qhov twg? Pale grebe thiab champignon: zoo sib xws thiab sib txawv

Video: Pale grebe nceb: nws zoo li cas thiab nws loj hlob nyob qhov twg? Pale grebe thiab champignon: zoo sib xws thiab sib txawv

Video: Pale grebe nceb: nws zoo li cas thiab nws loj hlob nyob qhov twg? Pale grebe thiab champignon: zoo sib xws thiab sib txawv
Video: Beautiful interesting typical pale grebe 美丽有趣的典型苍白鸊鷉 Красивая интересная типичная бледная поганка 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Mushrooms yog ib qho khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig thiab qab qab. Tab sis ntau ntawm lawv yog lom. Qhov no yuav tsum nco ntsoov thaum mus rau "kev yos hav zoov ntsiag to". Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav tham nyob rau hauv kom meej txog ib qho ntawm feem ntau insidious thiab txaus ntshai nceb. Lub grebe daj tuaj qhov twg? Nws zoo li cas? Thiab yuav ua li cas kom tsis txhob confuse nws nrog lwm cov nceb noj tau? Hais txog txhua yam - hauv kev tshuaj xyuas.

Pale grebe: piav qhia thiab yees duab ntawm cov fungus

Nov yog ib lub nceb txaus ntshai tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb no. Tsuas yog ib daim noj xwb thiaj li txaus ua rau qhov tshwm sim tuag taus. Raws li historians, nws yog daj ntseg toadstool uas lom cov Roman huab tais Claudius thiab Pope Clement VII. Qhov phem tshaj plaws, kev lom neeg tuaj yeem tshwm sim txawm tias muaj kev sib cuag me ntsis ntawm cov tshuaj lom ntawm cov fungus nrog tib neeg cov mucous membranes.

Pale grebe nceb (hauv Latin: Amanita phalloides) yog tus txheeb ze ze tshaj plaws ntawm yoov agaric. Cov neeg feem ntau hu nws tias: "dawb ya agaric." Cov tshuaj lom ntawm nceb yog incredibly muaj zog nyob rau hauv nws cov nyhuv. Thiab yog hais tias tus zoo-paub liab ya agaric tuaj yeem noj tom qabQee qhov kev kho cua sov, nws tsuas yog tsis yooj yim sua kom tshem tawm tag nrho cov co toxins los ntawm toadstool.

Mushroom daj ntseg toadstool
Mushroom daj ntseg toadstool

Pale grebe yog cov nceb classic uas muaj lub ntsej muag zoo li thaum tseem hluas. Txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub hau yog los ntawm 5 mus rau 15 centimeters nyob rau hauv lub cheeb, qhov siab ntawm qia yog 8-16 cm. Cov nceb tau txais nws lub npe los ntawm daj ntseg ntxoov ntxoo ntawm fruiting lub cev. Nws nyob ze "cov txheeb ze": caij nplooj ntoos hlav ya agaric thiab dawb grebe.

nceb zoo li cas?

Cov neeg xaiv nceb tsis muaj chaw rau qhov yuam kev. Yog li ntawd, lawv yuav tsum kawm kom paub qhov txawv ntawm qhov daj ntseg ntawm lwm hom. Cia wb mus saib seb qhov nceb no zoo li cas.

Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo lub cev ntawm cov toadstool yog tag nrho npog nrog ib zaj duab xis nyias. Cov nqaij ntawm cov nceb yog dawb, fleshy, nws xyaum tsis hloov nws cov xim thaum puas. Cov xim ntawm lub kaus mom txawv ntawm lub teeb grey mus rau txiv ntseej lossis me ntsis ntsuab. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog lub hnub nyoog, nws ib txwm tau txais ib qho greyish tint. Cov ceg muaj tus qauv cylindrical zoo nrog me ntsis thickening ntawm lub hauv paus. Nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm nws yog ib lub nplhaib tawv tawv.

Nyob rau hauv neeg laus, lub ntsej muag daj tuaj yeem nthuav tawm qhov tsw qab thiab tsis qab ntxiag heev. Lub cev fruiting ntawm fungus muaj ntau yam tshuaj lom. Lawv muab faib ua ob pawg: aggressive but slow acting amatoxins and fast acting but less toxic phallotoxins.

hluas daj ntseg grebe
hluas daj ntseg grebe

Kev faib cov kab mob hauv qhov xwm txheej

Lub paj daj daj tuaj nyob qhov twg? Peb yuav tsum cia siab tias yuav ntsib tus nceb insidious no qhov twg?

Toadstools muaj nyob hauvxwm feem ntau. Lawv qhov chaw faib khoom tseem ceeb yog thaj tsam huab cua ntawm Eurasia (tshwj xeeb, Russia, Belarus thiab Ukraine) thiab North America. Lawv loj hlob ob leeg ib leeg thiab hauv pab pawg. Lub caij cog qoob loo pib nyob rau lub Yim Hli kawg thiab kav mus txog rau thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis Ntuj (txog thaum thawj lub caij ntuj sov).

Lub daj ntseg grebe nyiam sib xyaw lossis lub teeb deciduous hav zoov, qhov zoo tshaj plaws broadleaf. Nws nyiam "tso" hauv qab beeches, hornbeams, oaks, lindens, hazel bushes. Feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv lub nroog chaw ua si thiab squares. Qee zaum nyob hauv birch groves. Tab sis mus ntsib nws nyob rau hauv ib tug ntoo thuv hav zoov yog heev nyuaj. Grebe tsis zam xuab zeb substrate, nyiam fertile humus xau.

Edible Toadstool Twins

Yuav luag txhua cov nceb noj hauv qhov xwm txheej muaj nws cov tshuaj lom. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau ob qho tib si paub txog thiab novice pickers nceb kom nkag siab qhov tseeb no. Cov npe ntawm cov nceb uas zoo li daj ntseg toadstool yog qhov loj heev. Yog li, nyob rau hauv central Russia, nws yog feem ntau tsis meej pem nrog hav zoov champignon, ntsuab russula, ntab thiab greenfinch.

tseem ceeb heev! Koj tsis tuaj yeem txiav cov nceb ncaj qha hauv qab lub kaus mom. Tom qab tag nrho, nyob rau hauv no txoj kev koj yuav tsis pom lub membranous ringlet, uas yog yam ntxwv ntawm daj ntseg toadstool. Los ntawm txoj kev, qhov no yog qhov feem ntau ntawm cov nceb lom mus rau hauv pob tawb ntawm nceb pickers.

qhov twg qhov daj ntseg grebe loj tuaj
qhov twg qhov daj ntseg grebe loj tuaj

Lwm cov lus qhia muaj txiaj ntsig: tom qab rov qab los ntawm kev yos hav zoov ntsiag to, txheeb cov qoob loo. Sib cais hom nceb yuav tsum tau nteg tawm nyob rau hauv txawm kab: chanterelles, nceb, russula, thiab lwm yam. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, koj yuav tau yooj yim xam cov tshuaj lom ob - nws.tam sim ntawd catches lub qhov muag. Thiab yog hais tias koj pom ib tug toadstool, koj yuav tsum tau tshem tawm tag nrho cov pob tawb, raws li cov tshuaj lom yuav nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv lwm yam, edible nceb.

Lwm txoj cai tseem ceeb heev: yog tias koj muaj qhov tsis ntseeg me ntsis txog cov nceb tshwj xeeb, tsis txhob txiav nws tag nrho.

Toadstool thiab champignon: yuav ua li cas paub qhov txawv?

Yuav ua li cas paub qhov txawv hav zoov champignon los ntawm daj ntseg grebe? Txoj hauj lwm no tsis yog ib qho yooj yim. Yog li ntawd, ntau cov nceb pickers tsis pheej hmoo khaws champignons hauv hav zoov txhua. Cov lus hauv qab no yuav pab koj nkag siab qhov teeb meem no.

Champignon thiab toadstool: qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb

Champignon Ple Grebe
Muaj ntshav lossis xim av daim hlau Muaj daim hlau dawb
Tsis muaj velum (thickening) ntawm lub hauv paus Muaj ib lub velum thiab pom meej
Lub kaus mom tig daj thaum puas Tsis hloov xim thaum puas
Cov nqaij feem ntau tsw zoo li almonds lossis anise Ua ib txwm tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw

Cov tub ntxhais hluas ntawm ob lub nceb no nyuaj heev kom paub qhov txawv ntawm ib leeg. Qhov no tsuas yog ua tau rau cov nceb pickers nrog kev paub dav hauv kev yos hav zoov ntsiag to. Rau kev sib piv: daim duab hauv qab no qhia txog cov nceb me me (sab laug) thiab qus champignon (txoj cai).

daj ntseg grebe thiab champignon
daj ntseg grebe thiab champignon

Russula thiab grebe: qhia qhov txawv li cas?

Kev paub txog nceb pickers xav qhiasau tsuas yog liab, txiv kab ntxwv lossis liab russula. Yog li koj twv yuav raug hu tsis raug. Cov lus hauv qab no yuav pab koj paub qhov txawv ntsuab russula los ntawm tshuaj lom grebe.

Russula thiab grebe: qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb

Russula ntsuab Ple Grebe
Tsis muaj qhov tuab ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm nceb, ceg txawm thiab ncaj. Ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm cov kab mob muaj zog tuberous thickening (velum).
ceg zoo li tuab Toadstool ceg yog thinner
Tsis muaj lub nplhaib nyob saum ceg Muaj lub nplhaib tshwj xeeb rau saum ceg

Rau qhov sib piv: daim duab hauv qab no qhia txog toadstool (sab laug) thiab ntsuab russula (txoj cai).

daj ntseg grebe thiab russula
daj ntseg grebe thiab russula

Toadstool lom: cov tsos mob tseem ceeb

Cov nceb no yog kab tias muaj tshuaj lom tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Txhawm rau nteg tus txiv neej noj qab haus huv thiab muaj zog ntawm lub txaj pw hauv tsev kho mob, tsuas yog peb caug grams ntawm daj ntseg grebe txaus. Cov cim qhia txog kev lom nrog cov nceb no (piv txwv):

  • ntuav ntuav.
  • plab hnyuv.
  • mob thiab mob leeg.
  • nqhis dej.
  • Tsis muaj zog thready mem tes.
  • ntshav siab.
  • Zoo mob plab.

Toadstool lom yog yuav luag ib txwm nrog lub siab loj, nrog rau cov ntshav qabzib qis qis. lub sij hawm latentkav ntev li ntawm 12 teev.

toadstool lom
toadstool lom

Qhov kev phom sij tseem ceeb ntawm kev lom toadstool yog nyob rau lub sijhawm hu ua kev xav rov qab los, uas tshwm sim rau hnub peb. Lub sijhawm no, tus neeg mob yuav zoo dua, tab sis qhov tseeb, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov kab mob hauv nruab nrog cev (lub siab thiab ob lub raum) txuas ntxiv mus. Kev tuag feem ntau tshwm sim hauv kaum hnub ntawm kev lom. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov muaj feem yuav tuag tau nce ntxiv rau cov neeg uas muaj lub plawv tsis muaj zog.

Yuav ua li cas yog cov toadstool lom?

Yog tias kev kho mob tau pib tsis pub dhau 36 teev txij li lub sijhawm muaj tshuaj lom, ces qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev rov ua tiav tau zoo heev. Ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntseeg me ntsis ntawm kev lom nrog lub plab toadstool, tsuas yog peb yam yuav tsum tau ua tam sim:

  • Hu lub tsheb thauj neeg mob.
  • Ntsuab plab los ntawm ntuav.
  • Ncua hluav taws xob hluav taws xob (kwv yees: 1 gram ib kilogram ntawm qhov hnyav).
toadstool lom thawj pab
toadstool lom thawj pab

Yuav ua li cas tsis tuaj yeem ua tau thaum muaj tshuaj lom:

  • Nqa ib yam uas ua rau kom muaj kev ncig.
  • Cia dej cawv.
  • Ua kom lub cev tsawg tsawg.

Txoj kev kho mob nyuaj heev, vim tsis muaj tshuaj tua kab mob zoo li no. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm toadstool lom, kws kho mob siv benzyl penicillin, nrog rau lipoic acid. Nyob rau hauv parallel, lawv nqa tawm yuam diuresis, hemosorption, muab ib tug dropper nrog qabzib thiab sau tshuaj rau lub plawv. Tag nrho cov txiaj ntsigKev kho mob yuav nyob ntawm qhov koob tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj lom uas tau nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha thiab cov xwm txheej ntawm lub cev.

5 lus dab neeg hais txog "dawb yoov agaric"

Muaj ntau cov lus dab neeg thiab cov lus qhia tsis tseeb txog lub ntsej muag daj ntseg hauv zej zog. Paub cov ntaub ntawv tseeb yuav pab koj tiv thaiv koj tus kheej. Yog li cia peb sau lawv:

  • Myth 1: Pale toadstool saj tsis zoo. Qhov tseeb nws tsis yog! Nws yog heev kev sib tw, cua thiab kiag li tsis iab. Yuav luag tsis paub qhov txawv ntawm cov nceb lom los ntawm saj.
  • Myth 2: "Amanita muscaria" tsw phem. Hauv kev muaj tiag, tus ntxhiab tsw yog ib qho zoo sib xws ntawm daj ntseg grebe thiab champignon. Ob lub nceb exude ib tug dawb huv, zoo nkauj aroma.
  • Myth 3: Cov kab me me thiab kab laum tsis noj cov nceb no. Qhov tseeb, ib txhia ntawm lawv tsis averse mus ntxiv dag zog rau lawv tus kheej nrog no delicacy.
  • Myth 4: Pale grebe tuaj yeem ua kom tshem tawm tau los ntawm kev npau npau hauv dej ntsev nrog vinegar. Tsis dag!
  • Myth 5: Qej chives yuav tig xim av yog muab pov rau hauv lub lauj kaub ntawm toadstools. Dua tsis muaj tseeb. Qej hloov nws cov xim raws li kev cuam tshuam ntawm tyrosinase, ib qho enzyme uas tuaj yeem pom hauv cov nceb, ob qho tib si noj tau thiab muaj tshuaj lom.

txiaj ntsig ntawm "dawb yoov agaric"

Coj txawv txawv raws li nws yuav suab, tab sis daj ntseg grebe tuaj yeem nqa qee yam txiaj ntsig rau tib neeg. Yog li, nyob rau hauv me me (homeopathic) koob tshuaj, nws ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug antidote nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lom los ntawm lwm yam nceb lom. Lub toadstool kuj tseem siv los tswj qee cov kab thiab kab. Hauv pej xeem tshuaj, tinctures los ntawm cov kab mob no yog siv los khomob qog noj ntshav. Kev txhaj tshuaj subcutaneous nrog microdoses ntawm cov tshuaj lom yog xyaum los tiv thaiv wrinkles.

Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev phom sij ntawm qhov daj ntseg yog ntau zaus ntau dua li qhov txiaj ntsig zoo uas nws tuaj yeem ua rau tib neeg. Yog li ntawd, yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov nceb no zoo li cas thiab nyob deb ntawm nws hauv hav zoov kom deb li deb tau.

Pom zoo: