Alexander Gelman: biography thiab creativity

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 08:00

Gelman Alexander Isaakovich yog tus kws sau paj huam nto moo, tus kws sau paj huam, sau ntawv, sau ua yeeb yaj kiab, nrog rau tus kws tshaj lij pej xeem thiab nom tswv.

Biography

Tus kws sau ua yeeb yam nto moo thiab tus kws sau tshuaj ntsuam Alexander Gelman yug thaum Lub Kaum Hli 25, 1933 ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb me me hauv tebchaws Romania, uas tam sim no yog nyob rau hauv Moldova.

Lub xyoo thaum yau ntawm Alexander Isaakovich tau tu siab heev. Shuni cov niam txiv, raws li nws tau hu ua thaum yau, sim ua kom lawv cov menyuam tsis muaj teeb meem, tab sis zoo li lawv ua raws li lawv. Thaum pib ntawm tsov rog, tsev neeg ntawm Gelman Isaac Davidovich raug ntiab tawm mus rau Bershad ghetto hauv Transnistria. Tag nrho cov neeg Yudais cov neeg raug kaw Gelman tau mus rau qhov chaw raug kaw ntawm ko taw, tab sis txij li cov xwm txheej ntawm txoj kev tuag no tsis muaj zog, tus pog tuag ntawm txoj kev, thiab tom qab ntawd tus kws sau ntawv tus kwv yau.

Tab sis cov uas muaj txoj sia nyob kuj muaj kev nyuaj siab, vim tias cov xwm txheej hauv ghetto tau txaus ntshai. Tsis ntev no leej niam ntawm tus kws sau ntawv yav tom ntej thiab tus kws sau ntawv tseem tuag. Xyoo 1942, Manya Shaevna Gelman tuag, me ntsis ntawm kev ywj pheej.

Nws paub tias yuav luag tag nrho tsev neeg Gelman, uas muaj kaum plaub tus neeg, tuag. Tsuas yog Alexander Gelman thiab nws txiv tuaj yeem tso lawv tus kheej hauv xyoo 1944.

Thaum tsov rog xaus, Alexander ua kenrog nws txiv uas tseem muaj sia nyob rov qab los rau lawv qhov chaw nyob. Ntawm no tus me nyuam tub kawm nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv rau peb xyoos ntxiv, thiab tom qab kawm tiav nws nkag mus rau hauv lub vocational technical lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm knitters nyob rau hauv Chernivtsi nyob rau hauv 1948.

Tom qab kawm tiav qhov kev cob qhia no xyoo 1951, Gelman tau nkag mus rau tsev kawm ntawv yav tsaus ntuj, raws li nws paub tias nws yuav xav tau kev kawm yav tom ntej. Txhawm rau kom muaj txoj sia nyob, nws ua haujlwm ib nrab hnub ntawm Lvov hosiery Hoobkas. Kev kawm nyob rau yav tsaus ntuj lub tsev kawm ntawv tau muab sijhawm rau Alexander, tom qab kawm tiav xyoo 1952, nkag mus rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv tub rog-kev nom kev tswv, uas nyob hauv Lvov. Xyoo 1954, nws kawm tiav hauv chav haujlwm hauv av.

Pib ua haujlwm

Tom qab kawm tiav Lviv Tsev Kawm Ntawv, Alexander Gelman xyoo 1854 tau mus ua tub rog. Nyob rau hauv rau xyoo, nws tau sawv los ntawm ib tug laus lieutenant mus rau tus thawj coj ntawm ib chav tsev ntawm Dub hiav txwv Fleet, thiab ces ib tug cais chav tsev ntawm cov tub rog kev sib txuas lus chaw ntawm lub Pacific Fleet.

Tab sis twb yog xyoo 1960, Gelman ua tiav nws txoj haujlwm tub rog thiab tsiv mus nyob hauv Chisinau. Nyob rau hauv lub nroog no, nws nkag mus rau lub zoo-paub nroj tsuag "Elektrotochpribor". Ua hauj lwm rau nws raws li lub tshuab milling, Alexander tau kawm peb xyoos ntawm University of Chisinau ntawm lub tuam tsev sau ntawv. Tom qab ntawd, nws tsiv mus rau Kirishi thiab tau txais txoj haujlwm ntawm Glavzapstroy kev ntseeg siab ua tus xa khoom, qhov chaw nws ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim kho cov roj tshwj xeeb. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1966 muaj ib tug tshiab txav. Lub sijhawm no, Alexander Gelman, uas nws cov duab tau nthuav tawm hauv tsab xov xwm no, tau mus rau Leningrad.

Dramaturgy

Xyoo 1966, tau tsiv musNyob rau hauv Leningrad, Alexander Isaakovich los ua ib tug neeg sau xov xwm nyob rau hauv cov ntawv xov xwm. Qhov no yog qhov pib zoo rau kev hloov pauv txhua yam uas nws tau pom thiab pom hauv nws txoj haujlwm yav tom ntej. Twb tau nyob rau xyoo 1970, Gelman tau raug xaiv los ua pawg thawj coj ua lag luam ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam, uas txog rau xyoo 1976 nws yog ib tus neeg koom tes.

Nws paub tias Alexander Isaakovich pib tshaj tawm nws thawj cov ntawv sau thiab dab neeg hauv xyoo 1950, thaum nws tseem ua haujlwm hauv Kamchatka. Tom qab ntawd, xyoo 1970, ntau ntawm nws cov yeeb yam tau tshwm sim ntawm Moscow Art Theatre. Cov yeeb yam hauv qab no suav hais tias yog qhov nto moo tshaj plaws: "Cov Lus Teb", "Ib leeg nrog txhua tus", "Zinulya", "Lub rooj ntev zaum" thiab lwm yam.

Xyoo 1994, Moscow Art Theatre muaj npe tom qab A. Chekhov tau nyiam ua yeeb yam ntawm Alexander Gelman. Nyob rau hauv nws theem, qhov kev ua si "Mishin's Ib Hnub" yog staged, uas, zoo li tus so ntawm Alexander Isaakovich cov ua yeeb yam, kov rau mob thiab tshuaj pleev ib ce. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, lub playwright thiab nto moo playwright A. I. Gelman tau staged los ntawm ntau theaters ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Nws paub tias ntau tshaj peb caug lub teb chaws pom kev ua yeeb yam raws li kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Alexander Isaakovich Gelman.

Tab sis xyoo thaum perestroika pib hauv lub tebchaws, Gelman nres sau nws cov yeeb yam, thiab mus rau hauv kev sau xov xwm. Nws rov qab los ua yeeb yam hauv xyoo 2000, thaum nws luam tawm ob phau ntawv sau paj huam.

Cinema

Nyob rau xyoo 1970, tus kws sau paj huam nto moo thiab tus kws ua yeeb yaj kiab Alexander Gelman tau txav los ntawm kev ua yeeb yaj kiab mus rau zaj yeeb yaj kiab. Thaum xub thawj nws sau ntawv tsuas yog rau documentaries, thiab sai sai ua kenrog nws tus poj niam, Tatyana Kaletskaya, tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab Hmo Ntuj ua haujlwm. Thiab tom qab ntawd lawv tau sau ob peb tsab ntawv ntxiv rau cov yeeb yaj kiab.

Tus kws sau ntawv ua yeeb yaj kiab thiab tus kws tshuaj ntsuam xyuas Alexander Gelman tau txais koob meej thiab muaj koob meej tsuas yog xyoo 1974, thaum zaj yeeb yaj kiab "Premiya", tsim raws li nws tsab ntawv, raug tso tawm. Tom qab ntawd, raws li tib qhov xwm txheej, kev ua yeeb yam "Feeb ntawm ib lub rooj sib tham" yuav tau ua, uas yuav xub pib ntawm Bolshoi Theatre, thiab tom qab ntawd ntawm Moscow Art Theatre.

Txog hnub tim, Alexander Isaakovich twb tau sau ntau tshaj peb caug tsab ntawv, uas muaj ntau yam yeeb yaj kiab tau raug tua. Ntau tus thawj coj ua yeeb yaj kiab thiab cov kws sau tshuaj muaj npe nrov tau los ua nws tus kws sau ntawv, suav nrog Pavel Movchanov, Roman Kachanov, thiab Vladimir Menshov.

pej xeem thiab kev nom kev tswv

Alexander Isaakovich Gelman, tom qab tsiv mus rau lub peev hauv xyoo 1990, tau raug xaiv los ua tus tswv cuab ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Central ntawm CPSU. Tab sis ob xyoos tom qab ntawd nws raug tshem tawm ntawm kev ua tswv cuab, raws li nws tus kheej tawm ntawm tog.

Nws paub tias Gelman yeej ib txwm coj lub neej nquag. Nyob rau hauv 1993, nws kos npe rau sensational "Letter ntawm 42s", thiab nyob rau hauv 2001 - ib tsab ntawv nyob rau hauv kev txhawb nqa ntawm lub NTV TV channel, nyob rau hauv 2014 - ib tsab ntawv los ntawm lub Union ntawm Lavxias teb sab Cinematographers rau Ukrainian lug txhawb cov miv uas rau txim rau lub Lavxias teb sab tub rog kev cuam tshuam.

Lub sijhawm perestroika, Gelman tau nyiam ua nom ua tswv. Alexander Isaakovich tau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm pawg thawj coj ntawm pawg thawj coj ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm zoo-paub thiab nrov Moskovskiye Novosti thaum lub sijhawm ntawd. Ntawm nws cov nplooj ntawvluam tawm nws cov ntawv uas nws tshuaj xyuas cov xov xwm nom tswv. Yog li ntawd, twb nyob rau hauv 1989, Gelman tau raug xaiv los ntawm Lavxias teb sab Union ntawm Cinematographers raws li ib tug neeg Lwm Thawj Coj ntawm lub Soviet Union. Tau ua haujlwm zoo nrog Mikhail Gorbachev thiab Boris Yeltsin.

Lub neej ntiag tug

Alexander Gelman, uas nws phau ntawv keeb kwm muaj xwm txheej, tau sib yuav ob zaug. Nws tus poj niam thib ob, Kaletskaya Tatyana Pavlovna, ib txwm txhawb nqa tus sau thiab thoob plaws hauv nws lub neej yog nws tus pab zoo. Tus kws sau ntawv nto moo thiab tus kws sau ua yeeb yam muaj ob tug tub. Marat yug thawj zaug hauv xyoo 1960, thiab Pavel xyoo 1967.