Alexander Yashin: biography thiab creativity

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:59

Soviet kws sau paj lug Alexander Yashin, tseem hu ua tus sau prose, sau ntawv sau thiab sau xov xwm, ua neej nyob luv luv tab sis muaj kev tshwm sim tag nrho ntawm cov xwm txheej thiab kev muaj tswv yim. Kab lus no muab cov ntawv sau txog keeb kwm ntawm tus kws sau ntawv, uas koj tuaj yeem paub seb tus neeg Alexander Yashin yog dab tsi.

Biography

Alexander Yakovlevich Yashin (lub npe tiag tiag Popov) yug rau lub Peb Hlis 27, 1913 hauv lub zos Bludnovo (thaj chaw ntawm thaj av Vologda niaj hnub). Alexander loj hlob nyob rau hauv ib tsev neeg cov neeg pluag, thiab tom qab nws txiv tuag nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog thawj zaug, thiab tag nrho cov neeg pluag.

Txij thaum muaj tsib xyoos, Sasha Popov ua haujlwm hauv thaj teb thiab ib ncig ntawm lub tsev - thaum lub sijhawm nyuaj, txhua txhais tes tseem ceeb. Nws niam rov sib yuav, thiab nws txiv txiv ua phem rau tus tub. Tom qab kawm tiav peb chav kawm ntawm ib lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob deb nroog, muaj yim xyoo Sasha thov kom tso cai mus rau lub nroog mus txuas ntxiv nws txoj kev kawm. Tab sis nws txiv tsis xav cia nws mus, poob, txawm tias ib tug me me, tab sis tseem yog ib tug neeg ua hauj lwm thiab pab. Tus menyuam yaus yws yws rau nws tus kws qhia ntawv hauv tsev kawm ntawv uas nws hlub, thiab lawv tau sib sau ua ke hauv pawg thawj coj hauv zej zog, qhov uas feem ntau ntawm cov pov npav lawv txiav txim siab xa Sasha mus kawm ntxiv hauv nroog Nikolsk nyob sib ze.

Tau tiav xya chav kawm nyob ntawd,ib tug tub muaj hnub nyoog kaum tsib xyoos nkag mus hauv tus kws qhia ntawv qib siab.

pib ntawm kev muaj tswv yim

Txawm nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv, Alexander pib sau paj huam, uas nws tau txais lub npe menyuam yaus "Liab Pushkin" los ntawm nws cov phooj ywg. Nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo ntawm kev kawm ntawv qib siab, novice kws sau paj lug pib xa nws ua hauj lwm rau cov ntawv xov xwm. Thawj qhov kev tshaj tawm tau tshwm sim hauv xyoo 1928 hauv cov ntawv xov xwm Nikolsky Kommunar. Txij thaum ntawd los, Alexander pib siv lub npe Yashin.

Nws cov paj huam pib tshwm sim ntau zaus hauv ntau cov ntawv xov xwm hauv zos, xws li "Leninskaya Smena", "Northern Lights", "Soviet Xav", thiab tom qab ntawd hauv tag nrho cov ntawv tshaj tawm "Kolkhoznik" thiab "Pionerskaya Pravda". Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm xyoo 1928, Alexander Yashin ob zaug ua tus sawv cev rau lub koom haum ntawm cov kws sau ntawv proletarian - thawj zaug ntawm lub rooj sib tham hauv xeev, thiab tom qab ntawd hauv cheeb tsam.

Tom qab kawm tiav tsev kawm ntawv qib siab hauv xyoo 1931, Yashin ua haujlwm hauv zos tus kws qhia ntawv tau ib xyoos, thiab tom qab ntawd tsiv mus rau Vologda, qhov chaw nws ua haujlwm hauv xov xwm thiab xov tooj cua. Nyob rau hauv 1934, thawj sau paj huam los ntawm 21-xyoo-laus Alexander Yashin, hu ua "Suab nkauj rau sab qaum teb", raug tso tawm nyob rau hauv Arkhangelsk. Nyob rau tib lub xyoo, tus kws sau ntawv hluas tau txais nws thawj qhov khoom plig rau Komsomol mus pw hav zoov zaj nkauj "Four Brothers".

Xyoo 1935, Alexander tsiv mus rau Moscow thiab nkag mus rau Gorky Literary Institute. Nyob rau hauv 1938, qhov thib ob sau ntawm nws paj huam "Severyanka" tau luam tawm. Nyob rau hauv 1941, tom qab kawm tiav los ntawm nws cov kev tshawb fawb, Yashin yeem mus rau pem hauv ntej, tau siv peb xyoo ua tsov ua rog nyob rau hauv lub battalions ntawm marines, tiv thaiv Leningrad thiab Stalingrad,Liberating lub Crimea thiab ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug tsov rog correspondent rau lub "Combat Volley" magazine.

Xyoo 1943 nws tau txais Military Merit Medal, thiab xyoo 1944 nws raug demobilized vim muaj mob hnyav. Nyob rau hauv 1945 nws tau txais qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub hnub qub liab thiab puav pheej rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm Leningrad thiab Stalingrad.

Kev lees paub thiab ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws

Cov tub rog ua haujlwm ntawm Alexander Yashin, tau hais tawm hauv cov ntawv sau "Nws nyob hauv B altic" thiab "City of Anger", tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm Union of Soviet Writers, tab sis kev lees paub tiag tiag tuaj rau tus kws sau paj huam tom qab paj huam. "Alyona Fomina", sau nyob rau hauv 1949. Rau nws, Yashin tau txais Stalin nqi zog ntawm qib thib ob.

Nyob rau hauv lub lig forties thiab fifties thaum ntxov, Alexander Yakovlevich mus rau lub nkauj xwb av thiab kev tsim kho ntawm hydroelectric fais fab chaw nres tsheb, mus ncig lub North thiab Altai. Ntau qhov kev xav tau piav qhia hauv nws cov ntawv sau "Countrymen" thiab "Soviet Man".

Hauv xyoo 1954 tus kws sau paj huam tau koom nrog Pawg Thawj Tswj Hwm thib Ob ntawm Soviet Writers. Xyoo 1958 nws tau sau nws zaj paj huam uas nto moo tshaj plaws - "Cia li ua kev zoo siab":

Kuv tau lub neej phem nrog kuv txiv, Nws tsa kuv los - Thiab yog vim li cas

Qee zaum kuv khuv xim tsis muaj nws

Muab ib yam rau nws txaus siab.

Thaum nws poob mob thiab tuag ntsiag to, -

Niam hais, - Hnub dhau hnub

Nco ntsoov kuv ntau thiab ntau thiab tos:

"Kuv xav Shurka… Nws yuav cawm kuv!"

Nraug pog tsis muaj tsev nyob hauv nws lub zos

Kuv hais tias kuv hlub nws heev

Yawg hlob thiab txiav nws tsev kuv tus kheej, Kuv yuav npaj taws, kuv yuav mov ci.

Zoo heev, cog lus ntau…

In the blockade of the Leningrad old man

cawm dim ntawm txoj kev tuag, Yes, ib hnub lig, Thiab hnub uas muaj hnub nyoog yuav tsis rov qab.

Tam sim no kuv tau taug kev ib txhiab txoj kev -

Muag ib lub ncuav, kuv txiav tau ib lub tsev.

Tsis muaj txiv thiab yawg tuag…

Nyob rau hauv kev ua zoo!

Txij li xyoo 1956, Alexander Yashin tig los hais lus, sau ntau yam haujlwm thuam Stalinist tsoomfwv thiab piav qhia txog lub neej ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm Soviet thiab cov neeg ua liaj ua teb uas tsis muaj kev tsim kho. Cov no suav nrog zaj dab neeg "Levers" (1956), zaj dab neeg "Mus saib kuv tus tub" (1958), "Vologda tshoob" (1962). Tag nrho cov haujlwm no raug txwv tam sim tom qab tshaj tawm, lossis feem ntau tau tso tawm tsuas yog tom qab tus kws sau ntawv tuag.

Lub neej ntiag tug

Alexander Yashin tau sib yuav ob zaug thiab muaj xya tus menyuam: ib tug tub thiab ob tug ntxhais los ntawm nws thawj kev sib yuav, ob tug tub thiab ob tug ntxhais los ntawm nws thib ob. Tom qab kev sib yuav thib ob, cov me nyuam loj ntawm tus kws sau paj lug tau nyob nrog nws, tsis nrog lawv niam.

Txoj kev hlub tiag ntawm tus kws sau paj huam yog Veronika Tushnova, tus kws sau paj huam Soviet. Lawv tau ntsib nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 60s thiab tau tam sim ntawd muaj kev chim siab rau ib leeg, txawm Alexander txoj kev sib yuav thiab Veronica txoj kev sib nrauj zaum ob tsis ntev los no. Phau ntawv kawg ntawm tus kws sau paj huam "Ib puas teev ntawm kev zoo siab" yog mob siab rau nws txoj kev hlub rau Alexander Yakovlevich.

Tsis txhob tso tseg nws tsev neeg loj, Yashin txiav txim siab xaus kev sib raug zoo. Thiab tsis ntev tom qab ntawdTushnova tsim mob qog noj ntshav, uas nws tuag hauv 1965. Tus kws sau paj lug tau txhawj xeeb txog kev tuag ntawm nws tus hlub, liam nws tus kheej rau txhua yam. Feem ntau ntawm nws cov nkauj ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd yog mob siab rau tus kws sau paj huam. Kab lus nthuav tawm ib daim duab ntawm Alexander Yashin nrog Veronika Tushnova.

Kev tuag thiab nco

Alexander Yakovlevich Yashin tuag thaum Lub Xya Hli 11, 1968 los ntawm mob qog noj ntshav. Raws li qhov kev thov ntawm tus kws sau paj lug nws tus kheej, nws raug faus nyob rau hauv tsev, nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Bludnovo. Nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm nws, ib tug memorial complex ntawm Alexander Yashin tau tsim nyob rau hauv Vologda, nrog rau nws lub tsev thiab lub ntxa. Ib txoj kev Vologda kuj dais lub npe ntawm tus kws sau paj huam.