Cheeb tsam Turukhansk. Turukhansky koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm lub Krasnoyarsk Territory

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 08:00

Turukhansky koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Krasnoyarsk Territory yog ib qho ntawm cov cheeb tsam uas muaj neeg nyob tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm Russia thiab lub ntiaj teb. Kev nyab xeeb yog qhov hnyav, thiab qhov xwm txheej yog sawv cev los ntawm taiga nyob rau sab qab teb thiab tundra nrog hav zoov tundra nyob rau sab qaum teb. Cov pejxeem hauv cheeb tsam no tsawg kawg nkaus. Tsis muaj kev txhim kho kev thauj mus los. Reindeer ua liaj ua teb, zoo ib yam rau cov cheeb tsam sab qaum teb ntawm Russia, yog tsim tsis zoo, ntau qis dua rau kev yos hav zoov thiab sib sau ua ke. Txawm li cas los xij, cov peev txheej tseem ceeb ntawm cov roj, ntxhia thiab cov khoom siv roj ntsha tseem ceeb nyob hauv thaj av. Kev rho tawm ntawm qee qhov ntawm lawv tau npaj yuav pib nyob rau yav tom ntej. Nyob rau hauv lub zog sector, hydropower yog lub ntsiab kev loj hlob. Turukhansk cheeb tsam yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev tshoov siab muaj tswv yim rau qee tus kws sau ntawv hauv tsev thiab kws ntaus suab paj nruag.

thaj chaw

Turukhansky koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Krasnoyarsk Territory yog nyob rau sab qaum teb-sab hnub poob ntawm thaj av no nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation. Kev tswj hwmQhov chaw yog qhov chaw nyob ntawm Turukhansk, uas yog 1100 kilometers deb ntawm lub nroog ntawm Krasnoyarsk. Hauv tag nrho, muaj 34 qhov chaw nyob hauv thaj av Turukhansk.

History and demographics

Rau lub sijhawm ntev, thaj tsam Turukhansk tseem yog qhov chaw qus thiab tsis tau tshawb nrhiav kiag li. Nws tsuas yog thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th uas cov neeg Lavxias teb sab tau tuaj xyuas nws thawj zaug. Qhov pib ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm koog tsev kawm ntawv yog suav hais tias yog 1607, thaum thawj qhov chaw ruaj khov tau tsim, uas nyob ze ntawm qhov sib txuam ntawm Yenisei thiab Turukhan dej ntws. Nyob rau hauv 1708 nws tau txais lub npe Turukhansk. Los ntawm lub sij hawm no nws twb yog ib lub nroog-hom kev sib hais haum, uas tau los ua qhov chaw ntawm kev loj hlob thiab kev lag luam nyob rau hauv lub regional theem.

Xyoo 1822, thaj tsam Turukhansk tau los ua ib feem ntawm pawg thawj coj tshiab, uas tau los ua lub npe hu ua Yenisei xeev. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, nws suav nrog 5 cheeb tsam. Txij li xyoo 1898, lub xeev Yenisei raug tshem tawm thiab muab faib ua cov nroog. Txij no mus, nws poob nws txoj hauj lwm.

Tam sim no, Turukhansk Territory muaj thaj tsam ntawm 200,000 km2² thiab yog ib qho ntawm thaj chaw tseem ceeb ntawm Krasnoyarsk Territory. Nws tseem yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov pej xeem tsawg heev thiab qhov ntom ntom - tsuas yog 0.087 tus neeg/km^{2. Cov haiv neeg tseem ceeb uas nws cov neeg sawv cev nyob hauv cheeb tsam yog Kets, Evenks thiab Selkups. Vim qhov kev ua neej nyob qis qis thiab muaj kev haus cawv ntau, qhov nruab nrab lub neej expectancy ntawm cov neeg hauv paus txawm tsuas yogtxog 40 xyoo. Kev poob haujlwm loj heev tau nthuav dav hauv cheeb tsam, thiab feem ntau ntawm cov neeg poob haujlwm tsis tau sau npe nrog cov chaw ua haujlwm.}

Tam sim no, lub taub hau ntawm Turukhansk cheeb tsam ntawm Krasnoyarsk Territory yog Oleg Igorevich Sheremetyev.

Natural conditions

Turukhansky koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Krasnoyarsk Territory yog nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj Siberia. Ntuj tej yam kev mob sib raug rau thaj tsam taiga. Kev nyab xeeb yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev hais lus continentality thiab belongs rau hom subarctic. Cov dej nag txhua xyoo yog 400-500 mm. Tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov nruab nrab txhua xyoo kub, nrog rau lub caij ntuj no frosts hnyav, uas tus pas ntsuas kub tuaj yeem poob mus rau -57 degrees Celsius. Lub thickness ntawm cov daus npog thaum lub caij ntuj no nce maj mam, thiab nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab nws yog feem ntau me me. Qhov no yog txuam nrog kev ua haujlwm khov ntawm cov av, uas ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm permafrost, lub thickness ntawm 50-200 m.

Thaj chaw, thaj av Turukhansk tuaj yeem muab faib ua 2 ntu: sab hnub tuaj thiab sab hnub poob, ciam teb nruab nrab ntawm tus dej ntws. Yenisei. Sab hnub tuaj ib nrab cuam tshuam rau sab hnub poob ntawm Central Siberian Plateau. Qhov siab tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam yog 1000 m. Sab hnub poob ib tug captures sab hnub tuaj sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub West Siberian Lowland.

Lwm qhov xwm txheej ntawm thaj av yog lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav dej nyab ntawm tus dej. Yenisei.

Qhov hnyav ntawm huab cua ua rau muaj kev faib tawm ntawm taiga hav zoov nyob rau sab qab teb thiab tundra nrog hav zoov-tundra nyob rau sab qaum teb. Txawm tias tag nrho cov no, lub cheeb tsammuaj txoj hauv kev zoo rau kev txhim kho kev lag luam, raug hwm rau xwm.

Resources

Lub koog tsev kawm ntawv muaj ntau qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm ntau yam minerals, suav nrog roj thiab lub zog, nrog rau ntau yam khoom siv lom neeg.

Reservoir ntawm thaj av yog qhov chaw nyob ntawm cov ntses lag luam xws li perch, pike, burbot, dace, horned omul, peled, whitefish, vendace. Kuj tseem muaj cov ntses tsis tshua muaj xws li sterlet, Nelma, taimen thiab sturgeon. Kev nuv ntses muaj ntau txhiab tons ntawm ntses hauv ib xyoos.

Kev yos hav zoov raug cai ntawm elk, dais, reindeer, muskrat, furs thiab lwm yam kev ua si raug tso cai hauv thaj av Turukhansk. Sable thiab squirrel ntau lawm kuj ua tau, tab sis tus naj npawb ntawm squirrels tau undermined los ntawm 50 xyoo ntawm kev nce nuv ntses.

Turukhansk cheeb tsam yog nplua nuj hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qus. Nws muaj peev xwm sau blueberries, currants (dub thiab liab), cloudberries, lingonberries, cranberries ntawm kev lag luam nplai. Lub reserves ntawm txhua ntawm berries muaj ntau los ntawm ob peb kaum mus rau ob peb puas txhiab tons. Txawm li cas los xij, cov pej xeem me me thiab cov xwm txheej hnyav yog qhov cuam tshuam rau lawv cov khoom loj.

Ntawm cov pob zeb hauv av, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog cov roj thiab roj tso nyiaj, uas yog nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub poob ntawm koog tsev kawm ntawv. Tsis tas li ntawd cog lus rau kev loj hlob yog manganese deposit nyob rau hauv sab qab teb thiab graphite, lub extraction ntawm uas yog npaj yuav pib sai sai no.

kev lag luam

Zog, mining, reindeer herding thiab yos hav zoov yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv cheeb tsam kev lag luam. Feem ntauLub tuam txhab kev lag luam hluav taws xob loj yog Kureyskaya HPP, uas tsim hluav taws xob kwv yees li 2.5 billion kWh. Nyob ze ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb yog lub zos ntawm Svetlogorsk, Turukhansky koog tsev kawm ntawv, Krasnoyarsk Territory, uas yog qhov chaw nyob ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm chaw nres tsheb.

Kev rho tawm ntawm cov peev txheej ntuj yog tswj hwm los ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm Vankor roj thiab roj av, nrog rau kev tsim cov roj thiab cov kav dej.

Reindeer yug me nyuam tshwm sim nyob rau sab qaum teb-sab hnub poob ntawm koog tsev kawm ntawv, qhov chaw Evenks nyob. Txawm li cas los xij, tus mos lwj tsuas yog ob peb puas tus neeg xwb. Hauv paus, cov neeg nyob hauv zos tau koom nrog kev yos hav zoov, nuv ntses, sib sau ua ke.

Kev thauj mus los

Kev thauj mus los hauv thaj av Turukhansk yog qhov ua tau zoo tsis tsim. Tsis muaj txoj kev lossis kev tsheb ciav hlau hauv cheeb tsam. Helicopters thiab nkoj yog siv los thauj mus los raws tus dej ntws. Kev txav mus los ntawm Yenisei tsuas muaj 4 lub hlis hauv ib xyoos, thiab raws nws cov ceg ntoo - tsis pub ntau tshaj ib hlis. Qhov kev pabcuam nyoob hoom qav taub tuaj yeem ua tau los ntawm 9 txog 12 lub hlis hauv lub xyoo.

Kev kawm thiab kab lis kev cai

Muaj 28 lub tsev kawm ntawv hauv cheeb tsam, uas tsuas yog kwv yees li 2,500 tus menyuam kawm ntawv, 17 kindergartens, lees txais tsuas yog 700 tus menyuam. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj 2 lub tsev kawm ntxiv - qhov chaw ntawm cov menyuam yaus lub tswv yim "Aist" thiab "Youth".

Tam sim no tsis muaj chaw tshwj xeeb hauv koog tsev kawm ntawv, tab sis cov xwm txheej hauv cheeb tsam tau txais kev tshoov siab rau tus kws sau ntawvVyacheslav Shishkov, uas tau xav txog hauv nws cov tshiab "Gloom River", rau Viktor Astafiev (cov haujlwm "Tsar Fish"). Turukhansk cheeb tsam kuj tseem muaj nyob rau hauv hom nkauj. Zaj nkauj los ntawm Svetlana Piterskaya yog ib qho piv txwv zoo ntawm kev muaj tswv yim rau thaj tsam no.

Media thiab periodicals

Nyob hauv lub nroog Turukhansk, cov ntawv xov xwm "Mayak Severa" tau luam tawm, uas yog xov xwm tshaj tawm hauv cheeb tsam Turukhansk. Xyoo ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm yog 1932. Tom qab ntawd nws hu ua "Turukhansk neeg nuv ntses-tus neeg yos hav zoov". Ib me ntsis tom qab, nws tau hloov lub npe "Northern Collective Farmer". Tam sim no lub npe ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm tau txais nyob rau hauv lub lig tsib caug ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Tam sim no nws kuj muaj hluav taws xob hauv Is Taws Nem.