Ancient tuam tsev ntawm Cambodia: piav qhia, keeb kwm thiab nthuav tseeb

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 08:00

Lub ntsiab attraction ntawm Cambodia yog nws cov tuam tsev, uas muaj ntau ntau nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Niaj hnub no peb yuav qhia rau koj txog qhov nthuav thiab majestic sawv daws yuav amaze lub tswv yim nrog zoo kawg bas-reliefs thiab thawj masonry.

Cov tuam tsev nyob hauv Cambodia muaj thaj chaw loj heev, thiab yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias ntau ntawm lawv tseem tab tom tshawb fawb.

teb chaws tshwj xeeb

Cambodia nyiam cov neeg ncig tebchaws nrog nws cov keeb kwm - nws tsis yog Thaib teb, me ntsis embellished thiab yooj yim rau tourists. Cov neeg ncig tebchaws feem ntau nyiam cov av qus, cov neeg luag ntxhi dawb thiab cov tuam tsev txawv txawv ntawm Cambodia. Cov no yog cov pab pawg zoo kawg nkaus uas txawm tias Hollywood tsis tau tso tseg yam tsis muaj kev saib xyuas, uas tau rov xaiv lawv ua scenery rau nws cov yeeb yaj kiab.

Cov neeg ncig tebchaws uas muaj kev paub dhau los sau tseg cov yam ntxwv ncaj qha ntsig txog kev pom hauv lub tebchaws no, uas koj yuav tsum paub txog rau cov uas nyuam qhuav npaj mus ncig:

1. Txhua lub tuam tsev zoo kawg nkaus hauv ntau txoj kevLub sijhawm nruab hnub: qee qhov thaum kaj ntug, qee qhov thaum nruab hnub, lwm tus thaum tsaus ntuj.
2. Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov chaw qub qub yuav siv sijhawm ntau, yog li qhov kev tshwm sim yuav tsum tau muab tsawg kawg peb hnub kom pom qhov chaw txaus nyiam tshaj plaws. Lub sijhawm no, koj tuaj yeem xauj ib chav hauv ib lub tsev so nyob ze ntawm lub nroog Siem Reap.
3. Kev tshawb nrhiav Angkor complex, nws ua rau kev txiav txim siab xauj tsheb, vim tias ntau qhov chaw nyob ntawm qhov sib nrug deb ntawm ib leeg.

Angkor: ancient cov tuam tsev ntawm Cambodia

Nov yog ib cheeb tsam ntawm lub teb chaws uas tau los ua lub txaj rau lub teb chaws loj tshaj plaws nyob rau sab qab teb Asia - cov Khmer. Nws txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev vam meej hnub rov qab mus rau 9th-15th centuries. Lub sijhawm ntawd, Angkor yog ib lub nroog loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, thiab nws cov tuam tsev twb paub deb dhau ntawm ciam teb ntawm lub teb chaws Ottoman.

Xyoo 1431, cov tub rog Siamese rhuav tshem lub nroog, thiab cov neeg nyob hauv tau raug yuam kom tawm mus. Txij thaum ntawd los, Angkor, nrog rau ntau tshaj li ib puas lub tuam tsev thiab palaces, tau tseem nyob, qhov tseeb, tso tseg ntawm cov hav zoov tuab. Thiab tsuas yog thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, tus naturalist Ann Muo los ntawm Fabkis tau luam tawm ntau yam haujlwm uas tau mob siab rau Angkor.

Txawm Rudyard Kipling tau sau nws txoj haujlwm nto moo txog Mowgli - "The Jungle Book" - tom qab mus xyuas Angkor. Txij li thaum 1992, lub tuam tsev complex tau nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv ntawm UNESCO. Lub xeev Qhab Meem thaum ub no tau dhau los ua tsev rau cov khoom vaj khoom tsev uas tsis muaj nqi ntawm lub tebchaws Khmer.

Angkor - lub nroog qub

Cov tuam tsev ntawm Angkor ua tim khawv rau lub nroog loj tshaj plaws ua ntej kev lag luam hauv ntiaj teb.ntiaj chaw, uas nyob rau hauv nws loj tshaj lub tam sim no New York Niaj hnub no nws yog ib tug loj qhib-cua tsev cia puav pheej nrog thaj tsam ntawm 200 km². Ntawm no nws zoo li cov tuam tsev pob zeb nrog cov phab ntsa dai kom zoo li loj hlob tawm ntawm lub hav zoov uas tsis muaj zog.

Cov kws tshawb fawb tseem tab tom sim nthuav tawm qhov tsis meej ntawm lawv txoj kev tsim kho, tab sis Angkor ua tib zoo khaws nws cov lus zais. Raws li nyob rau hauv lub heyday ntawm lub teb chaws Ottoman, Angkor niaj hnub no attracts tourists thiab explorers los ntawm thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb no zoo li ib tug hlau nplaum. Thiab yog hais tias yav dhau los cov tub lag luam tuaj ntawm no, niaj hnub no cov qhua ntawm lub teb chaws no yog cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws.

Yog tsis muaj lus tshaj tawm, peb tuaj yeem hais tias cov tuam tsev ntawm Cambodia, thiab Angkor tshwj xeeb, yog qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Asia. Cov vajntxwv uas kav tebchaws Khmer tsis muaj nuj nqis los tsim lub tuam tsev nplua nuj thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua li cov thawj coj.

Angkor Wat

Lub tuam tsev zoo kawg nkaus ntawm Angkor Wat (Cambodia) yog lub pov haum tsis muaj pov thawj ntawm Angkor. Nws spiers tau dhau los ua lub cim thiab cim ntawm Cambodia. Lub tuam tsev muaj tsib lub tsev teev ntuj, peb lub qhov rooj uas nce siab ntawm qhov chaw nruab nrab thiab nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm lub pas dej uas muaj dej, dav 190 meters. Tus qauv profile ua raws li cov paj ntoo uas tsis tau qhib.

thawj qhov chaw yog phab ntsa sab nrauv saum lub nkuaj. Nws muaj cov kab square nyob rau sab nraud. Lub qab nthab ntawm lawv los ntawm sab nrauv facade yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog rosettes nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lotus, thiab cov duab ntawm cov neeg seev cev tau piav qhia nyob rau hauv. Lub bas-reliefs ntawm phab ntsa ntawm tag nrho peb qhov chaw qhia txog qhov xwm txheej los ntawm ntau yam dab neeg thiab ntau yam xwm txheej keeb kwm.

Ib txoj kev ntev txuas thawj qhov chaw nrog qhov thib ob. Koj tuaj yeem nce mus rau nws los ntawm cov ntaiv, uas yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov duab puab ntawm tsov ntxhuav ntawm ob sab. Nyob rau hauv lub gallery no, cov phab ntsa sab hauv yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog dluab ntawm Apsaras - celestial maidens.

Lub tsev thib peb muaj tsib lub tsev, uas yog lub sam thiaj siab tshaj plaws. Muaj cov ntaiv ntxhab heev ntawm no, uas qhia txog qhov nyuaj ntawm kev nce mus rau hauv thaj av ntawm cov vajtswv. Ntau tus nab tuaj yeem pom ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev. Lawv lub cev xaus rau ntawm tsov ntxhuav lub qhov ncauj.

Npaj qhov tseeb

Cov pob zeb ntawm Angkor Wat, zoo li zoo li polished marble, yog pw tsis muaj nplaum nplaum. Cov khoom siv hauv tsev tseem ceeb rau cov qauv no yog cov xuab zeb, uas tau xa mus rau qhov chaw tsim kho los ntawm Mount Kulen, uas yog 40 km deb.

Yuav luag txhua qhov chaw, suav nrog txhua kab thiab lub ru tsev lintels, yog carved los ntawm pob zeb. Nyob nruab nrab ntawm 1986 thiab 1992, Indian Archaeological Society tau ua haujlwm kho dua tshiab hauv Angkor. Wish Temple yog UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Bayon

Lub tuam tsev no tau tsim tsa los ntawm Jayavarman VII. Nws muaj peb theem. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub tuam tsev yog paintings depicting lub neej niaj hnub ntawm Khmers. Lub Tuam Tsev Bayon hauv Cambodia kuj muaj ib phab ntsa dawb, 4.5 meters siab. Ntawm nws koj tuaj yeem pom cov xwm txheej ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Tonle Sap Lake, uas Jayavarman VII yeej yeej cov Chams.

Nyob rau xyoo 1925 Bayon tau lees paub tias yog ib lub chaw dawb huv. Nyob rau hauv 1933, nyob rau hauv lub tuam tsev, ntau precisely, nyob rau hauv lub qhov dej ntawm nws lub hauv paus, lawv pom ib tug pej thuam ntawm Buddha, nyob rau hauv uas meej meej.muaj ib tug sab nrauv zoo ib yam li Jayavarman VII. Thaum lub sij hawm lub Brahmin restoration, uas yog nqa tawm tam sim ntawd tom qab kev tuag ntawm tus kav, nws defiled. Tom qab ntawd nws tau rov qab los thiab ntsia rau ntawm terrace.

Bapuon

Cov tuam tsev ntawm Cambodia txawv kiag li thiab lawv kuj xav tsis thoob rau cov qhua hauv lub tebchaws. Tom qab txaus siab rau qhov chaw txawv txawv ntawm Bayon, mus rau lub tuam tsev nyob ze ntawm Bapuon. Tau ntev, thaj chaw no tsuas yog qhov chaw tsim kho, qhov chaw uas cov neeg ua haujlwm rov qab ua haujlwm tau ntau xyoo lawm. Lawv jokingly hu ua lawv txoj hauj lwm sib sau ua ke qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws puzzle nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Tsuas yog ob xyoos dhau los, cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws tuaj yeem tuaj xyuas lub tuam tsev Hindu ancient. Nws mob siab rau Shiva.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias tag nrho cov tuam tsev thaum ub ntawm Cambodia yog qhov loj heev. Keeb kwm hais tias nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm Bapuon yog ib tug ntawm cov zoo nkauj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Angkor. Tab sis nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov tsib caug ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, nws yog yuav luag nyob rau verge ntawm kev puas tsuaj. Fabkis archaeologists, ua ke nrog ib pab neeg ntawm restorers, txiav txim siab tias tsuas muaj ib txoj kev los cawm nws - kom disassemble kiag li, ntxiv dag zog rau lub hauv paus, thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd reassemble lub tsev.

Nyob rau thaum ntxov 60s Bapuon raug rhuav tshem. Thaum lub sij hawm dismantling, cov blocks ntawm lub tuam tsev tau pauv mus rau lub zoov nuj txeeg, thiab txhua lub block muaj nws tus lej. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-70s, cov Khmer Rouge tau los ua lub hwj chim nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws, thiab kev kho dua tshiab tau raug tso tseg. Tom qab ntawd nws tau pom tias cov Khmer Rouge tau rhuav tshem cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev rhuav tshem lub tuam tsev, thiab tsis muaj ntaub ntawv pov tseg ntawm kev khaws 300 txhiab pob zeb. Cov kws kes duab vajtseKuv yuav tsum siv cov duab thiab nco txog cov neeg nyob hauv zos.

Ta-Prom

Tej zaum yuav tsis tso tseg rau cov neeg ncig tebchaws Cambodia xav tsis thoob. Cov tuam tsev hauv hav zoov tuaj yeem pom yuav luag thoob plaws lub tebchaws. Tab sis ib qho ntawm lawv - Ta Prohm - tsuas yog haum rau Kipling cov lus piav qhia zoo kawg nkaus. Qhov no yog lub tuam tsev loj loj-monastery, absorbed los ntawm lub hav zoov.

Cov kws tshaj lij ntseeg tias nws yog qhov poetic tshaj plaws hauv Angkor, nws muaj qhov zoo kawg nkaus tsim los ntawm cov ntoo loj uas qhwv ib ncig ntawm phab ntsa. Lawv tau loj hlob los ntawm cov pob zeb thiab dai hla cov yees. Tau ntau pua xyoo, cov hauv paus hniav tau dhau los ua cov phab ntsa uas cov ntoo tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lub tsev.

Ta Prohm tau tsim tsa thaum lub sijhawm Vajntxwv kav Jayavarman ua lub tuam tsev ua haujlwm, tuav thaj chaw loj. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv architecture nws tsis zoo li lwm lub tuam tsev hauv Cambodia. Nws yog ib tug saw ntawm ib-zaj dabneeg tsev, uas yog interconnected los ntawm lub galleries thiab passages. Coob leej ntau tus siv tsis tau hnub no vim lawv muaj pob zeb nkim.

Qhov txawv ntawm lub tuam tsev no nyob ntawm qhov tseeb tias muaj ntau cov ntawv sau thaum ub tau kos rau ntawm phab ntsa pob zeb. Ntawm lub pob zeb stele, uas tuaj yeem pom niaj hnub no hauv National Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Angkor, nws tau muab pov tseg tias thaum lub sijhawm nws muaj hnub nyoog 3,140 lub zos tau koom nrog lub tuam tsev, 79,365 tus neeg ua haujlwm ntawm no, 18 tus pov thawj hlob, 2,800 tus neeg ua haujlwm pabcuam. Ntau tshaj 12,000 tus neeg nyob mus ib txhis hauv lub tuam tsev.

Nyob hauv hav zoov uas niaj hnub no nyob ib puag ncig lub tuam tsev, thaum ub muaj ib lub nroog loj loj, thiab muaj neeg coob coob.hniav nyiaj hniav kub. Tam sim no nws nyuaj rau ntseeg qhov no, txij li ntau lub tsev tau hloov mus ua kev puas tsuaj. Muaj ob hom ntoo ntawm no: qhov loj tshaj plaws yog tsob ntoo banyan nrog tuab, lub teeb xim av hauv paus, thiab qhov thib ob yog tsob ntoo strangler. Nws nta ntau nyias, zoo kawg nkaus du grey cag.

Cov noob ntawm tsob ntoo poob rau hauv qhov sib txawv ntawm cov masonry ntawm cov qauv thiab cov hauv paus hniav loj hlob tuaj, ncab mus rau hauv av. Peb twb tau hais tias cov tuam tsev ntawm Cambodia tuaj yeem ua rau cov kws tshawb fawb niaj hnub xav tsis thoob nrog lawv cov lus tsis meej. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog ib tug duab ntawm ib tug dinosaur carved rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub Ta Prohm lub tuam tsev, uas yog cov coj mus rau lub excursion pab pawg neeg. Txawm li cas los xij, txog tam sim no tsis muaj leej twg tuaj yeem piav qhia qhov twg cov neeg Khmer thaum ub tuaj yeem pom tus dinosaur.