Tog twg yog kev ywj pheej? Tsim cov nom tswv tog

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Tog twg yog kev ywj pheej? Tsim cov nom tswv tog
Tog twg yog kev ywj pheej? Tsim cov nom tswv tog

Video: Tog twg yog kev ywj pheej? Tsim cov nom tswv tog

Video: Tog twg yog kev ywj pheej? Tsim cov nom tswv tog
Video: icu qaug beer lom zem tiag2 official mv 2020 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Hauv tsarist Russia, tog ntawm kev cai ywj pheej, lossis, luv luv, Cadets, yog kev ywj pheej. Lwm cov koom haum nom tswv nrog cov kev pab cuam zoo sib xws kuj tau sawv cev hauv Xeev Duma ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th thaum ntxov. Piv txwv li, xws li "Union of October 17".

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ywj pheej tog

Xyoo 1905, tom qab kev swb ntawm Russia hauv kev ua tsov rog tawm tsam Nyij Pooj, thawj qhov kev tawm tsam hauv tebchaws tau tshwm sim. Nicholas II tsis muaj peev xwm tuav tau nws los ntawm kev quab yuam, nws yuav tsum tau tawm tsam nws cov neeg tawm tsam. Lub Kaum Hli 17, 1905, nws tau nthuav tawm ib qho manifesto, raws li lub Xeev Duma tau tsim nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws.

Cov nom tswv tawm tsam rau lub sijhawm huab tais huab tais thaum kawg tau txais lub sijhawm los ua haujlwm hauv kev cai lij choj. Nws yog xyoo 1905 uas cov koom haum ywj pheej tau tshwm sim.

tog yog liberal democratic party
tog yog liberal democratic party

Cadets

Ntawm cov nom tswv ywj pheej yog tog ntawm kev cai ywj pheej (tseem hu ua People's Freedom Party). Qhov kev txiav txim siab los tsim lub koom haum no tau ua thaum Lub Xya Hli 1905 ntawm lub rooj sib tham tom ntej ntawm zemstvo cov thawj coj. Yog li, tog nrogcov neeg uas yav tas los ua haujlwm hauv lub nroog hauv nroog. Lawv, zoo li tsis muaj lwm yam, tau nyob ze rau lub neej ntawm cov neeg zoo tib yam nyob hauv lub nroog ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws.

Lub Koom Haum Koom Tes tau tuav hauv Moscow thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1905. Nyob rau hauv Niam Saib thaum lub sij hawm ntawd muaj kev tawm tsam loj, kev tawm tsam ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm thauj neeg thiab txawm tias muaj kev sib tsoo tub rog. Nws yog nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej nyuaj no uas Cadets pib lawv cov dej num. Pavel Milyukov, tus kws tshaj lij thiab tus kws sau keeb kwm, tau raug xaiv los ua tus thawj coj ntawm tog.

nom tswv yog liberal
nom tswv yog liberal

Tus neeg xaiv tsa nom tswv Democrats

Vim tias tog ntawm Cadets yog txoj kev ywj pheej, nws cov neeg xaiv tsa muaj cov neeg txawj ntse thiab cov zemstvo nobility, txawv los ntawm cov neeg sab hnub poob kev vam meej. Lub koom haum nws tus kheej suav nrog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm nroog bourgeoisie, cov kws qhia ntawv, kws kho mob thiab qee tus tswv av. Yog hais tias lub Socialist-Revolutionary nom tswv tog yog liberal, nws yuav dhau los ua ib tug phooj ywg ntawm cov kev cai ywj pheej. Tab sis cov social revolutionaries txawv nyob rau hauv lawv cov sab laug views. Nws yog rau lawv cov neeg ua haujlwm koom nrog. Qhov no tau txuas nrog qhov tsis tshua muaj neeg nyiam ntawm Cadets hauv ib puag ncig proletarian.

Tsis tas li ntawd, Milyukov tog, txij li thaum pib ntawm nws lub neej, tau kawm txog kev ua tiav nws cov hom phiaj nrog kev pab los ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm pawg thawj coj thiab kev cuam tshuam nrog cov tub ceev xwm. Yog tias ib feem ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv xyoo 1905 tau txhawb nqa lub koom haum no, dhau sijhawm nws mus rau cov neeg socialists lossis Bolsheviks.

Lub Cadet Party yog kev ywj pheej, yog li nws txhawb nqa Lub Ob Hlis Revolution. Nws yog xyoo 1917 uas nws tau ntsib nws lub hnub qub. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg tuaj koomlub koom haum tau multiplied. Milyukov tau raug xaiv tsa Minister of Foreign Affairs ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Russia.

tog yog liberal
tog yog liberal

Cadet Program

Txoj haujlwm ntawm Txoj Cai Lij Choj Democrats suav nrog cov ntsiab lus classic rau cov neeg ywj pheej. Lawv tau tawm tsam kev sib luag ntawm txhua tus pej xeem ntawm Russia, tsis hais kev ntseeg, haiv neeg thiab poj niam txiv neej. Milyukov thiab nws cov neeg txhawb nqa tau txiav txim siab tias nws yuav tsum muaj kev ywj pheej ntawm kev hais lus, kev xav, kev tshaj xov xwm, koom haum thiab kev sib sau ua ke hauv lub tebchaws. Feem ntau ntawm cov kev cai no tau ua tiav tom qab 1905 kiv puag ncig. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov tseeb vim yog lawv txoj haujlwm, Milyukov cov neeg txhawb nqa tau tawm tsam tawm tsam lub xeev cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tuaj thaum lub sijhawm thawj coj ntawm Pyotr Stolypin.

Qhov tseeb, Cadet Party yog ib pawg ywj pheej ywj pheej. Lub tswv yim ntawm lub koom haum no, tshwj xeeb, suav nrog lub tswv yim ntawm kev xaiv tsa thoob ntiaj teb. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov cai tswjfwm kev cai tswjfwm tau tawm tswv yim txog kev ywj pheej ntawm lub tebchaws txhais ntawm ntau haiv neeg ntawm lub tebchaws. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab cuam, vim hais tias cov lus nug Polish tseem tsis tau daws. Ib tog neeg liberal-democratic feem ntau yog qhov kev thov rau lub tsev hais plaub ywj pheej. Muaj ntau tus kws lij choj thiab kws lij choj ntawm Cadets. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, tag nrho cov nyiaj tau los ntawm tog tau nthuav dav thiab xav tau.

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm txoj haujlwm ntawm cov cai tswjfwm kev cai lij choj tau tshwm sim hauv kab lus ntawm kev qhia txog 8-teev hnub ua haujlwm. Yuav luag txhua lub koom haum sawv cev hauv Xeev Duma tau koom nrog qhov nokev xav tau. Yog li ntawd, txoj cai lij choj tshiab ua haujlwm tau raug lees paub los ntawm tsoomfwv tsarist.

liberal yog pawg nom tswv ntawm RSDLP
liberal yog pawg nom tswv ntawm RSDLP

End Party

Hmo hmo ntawm lub Kaum Hli Ntuj kiv puag ncig, cov Cadets, uas yog nom tswv nyob rau hauv ib ntus tsoom fwv, raug ntes. Tom qab ntawd, tag nrho lwm cov neeg tseem ceeb ntawm tog tau raug kaw, tshwj tsis yog cov uas tswj kom khiav tawm hauv lub tebchaws. Qee tus neeg raug ntes tau nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm cov neeg raug tua thaum Tsov Rog Tsov Rog.

Tab sis rov qab rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1917, Cov Tub Rog tau tswj hwm los koom nrog kev xaiv tsa rau Pawg Neeg Sawv Cev. Lawv tau txais ntau qhov kev xaiv tsa, vim lawv tsuas yog lub zog tawm tsam Bolshevik nkaus xwb. Txoj cai Democrats tau txais kev txhawb nqa txawm tias yav dhau los cov neeg tawm tsam (tshwj tsis yog rau sab laug-tis radicals). Txawm li cas los xij, thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 12, 1917, Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Neeg Sawv Cev tau lees paub cov tub rog ua "lub tog ntawm cov yeeb ncuab ntawm cov neeg." Lub koom haum raug txwv. Tus thawj coj ntawm Kadets, Milyukov, tswj kom khiav tawm ntawm Russia. Nws tuag hauv Fab Kis xyoo 1943.

liberal democratic party yog
liberal democratic party yog

Lub Kaum Hli Party

Lwm lub koom haum tseem ceeb ntawm lwm cov neeg nruab nrab ntawm sab xis yog Liberal Democratic Party ntawm Octobrists. Nws tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm cov neeg ua lag luam nplua nuj thiab cov tswv av loj. Lub npe ntawm tog yog siv rau Lub Kaum Hli 17, 1905, hnub kos npe ntawm Manifesto, uas tau tso cai ntau txoj kev ywj pheej tom qab thawj lub teb chaws kiv puag ncig.

Lub taub hau ntawm lub koom haum yog Alexander Guchkov. Xyoo 1910-1911. nws txawm yog tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm III State Duma. Thawj Tswj Hwm hauv Tsoom Fwv Tsev Kawm NtawvOctobrists tau txais cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov tub rog thiab naval Ministers. Thaum lub kiv puag ncig ntawm 1905-1906. Lub party muaj 75 txhiab tus neeg. Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 17, Lub Koom Haum muaj nws cov ntawv xov xwm, Lub Suab ntawm Moscow.

liberal yog nom tswv ntawm lub Socialist-Revolutionaries
liberal yog nom tswv ntawm lub Socialist-Revolutionaries

tsoomfwv cov phoojywg

Hauv thawj ob lub rooj sib tham ntawm Lub Xeev Duma muaj ob peb Octobrists (16 thiab 43 feem). Kev tawg rau tog tuaj tom qab hloov pauv rau txoj cai xaiv tsa thaum Lub Rau Hli 3, 1907. Qhov kev hloov kho txo cov neeg socialists hauv parliament. Lawv tau hloov los ntawm ntau tus Octobrists, uas nws tus lej tau mus txog 154. Qhov kev nyiam ntawm tog yog vim qhov tseeb tias nws tau tuav cov haujlwm nruab nrab thiab dhau los ua ib qho khoom ntawm kev sib haum xeeb rau pej xeem.

Cov Octobrists txawm nyob ze rau cov txheej txheem qub dua li Cadets. Pyotr Stolypin tso siab rau Guchkov cov neeg sawv cev thaum tsoomfwv tau sim thawb los ntawm Lub Xeev Duma cov ntaub ntawv tsis muaj npe tab sis tsim nyog hloov kho. Thawj ob lub rooj sib tham ntawm Lub Xeev Duma tau raug yuam kom ua tiav vim tias cov neeg sawv cev feem ntau yog cov neeg koom siab thiab cuam tshuam nrog kev saws me nyuam txoj cai.

Yog tias RSDLP kev nom kev tswv yog kev ywj pheej, nws kuj yuav sawv cev dav. Tab sis Bolsheviks txij thaum pib tsis tau tsuas yog socialists, tab sis kuj siv cov kev hloov pauv ntawm kev tawm tsam cov tub ceev xwm. Cov Octobrists, ntawm qhov tod tes, xav ua kom muaj kev hloov pauv hauv txoj kev thaj yeeb, los ntawm kev nrhiav kev pom zoo nrog lub xeev.

liberal democratic party ideology
liberal democratic party ideology

Kev sib cais ntawm Octobrists

Hauv xyoo 1913, ntawm cov neeg txhawb nqa ntawm Guchkovkev sib cais tshwm sim. Txij li thaum pawg nom tswv ntawm Octobrists yog kev ywj pheej, nws tseem ceeb heev rau nws cov tswv cuab los hwm kev ywj pheej hauv tebchaws Russia. Tab sis tom qab thawj lub teb chaws kiv puag ncig, lub xeev tau siv kev ntsuas kev tawm tsam tawm tsam nws cov neeg tawm tsam tsis zoo. Ib pab pawg tau tshwm sim ntawm Octobrists thiab tshaj tawm kev tawm tsam kev daws teeb meem. Hauv cov ntaub ntawv, cov neeg kos npe tau liam tias tsoomfwv tau ua txhaum txoj cai ntawm cov pej xeem Lavxias.

Vim li ntawd, tog tau faib ua peb pawg hauv Xeev Duma. Ib sab laug tau tshwm sim, coj los ntawm Guchkov, thiab sab xis-tis Zemstvo-Octobrists, coj los ntawm Mikhail Rodzianko. Ib pawg me ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ywj pheej kuj tau tawg. Kev kub ntxhov ntawm tog pib. Xyoo 1915, cov ntawv xov xwm "Lub Suab ntawm Moscow" raug kaw. Lub Rooj Sib Tham Central tau tso tseg. Yog li, Octobrists tau ploj mus los ntawm kev nom kev tswv hauv lub tebchaws txawm tias ua ntej lub kiv puag ncig thiab Bolshevik coup. Sab laug ntawm tog tau koom nrog Progressive Bloc. Qee cov thawj coj ntawm Octobrist yog cov tseem ceeb nom tswv hauv tebchaws Russia txog rau lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1917.

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